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This study compares local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers from the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWAO), Brazil, related to the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei). We conducted 330 ethnographic interviews in ten fishing communities in southern and southeastern Brazil between 2012 and 2018. Boolean or Classic Logic was used to identify 95 fishers who were able to recognize the franciscana dolphin accordingly to the taxonomic entity P. blainvillei: 23 in northern Espírito Santo state, one in southern Espírito Santo, 20 in northern Rio de Janeiro state, and 51 in northern Paraná state. Among these 95 fishers, 87.4% (n = 83) reported incidental captures in fishing nets. Among these, 52 (54.7%) did not know any solution to this problem. Interviews revealed that the fishers usually discard carcasses in the sea after fat and muscle tissue are removed so that they can be used as bait for shark fishing or as food. In Southeastern Brazil, fishers LEK related to their ability to identify franciscana dolphin varied from 'no identification' and 'extremely low identification' to 'partial' and 'good identification,' while in southern Brazil, fishers mainly presented a 'good identification' of the dolphins. We propose comanagement actions to conserve the franciscana dolphin in the SWAO.

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CONTEXT: Despite the well-known positive effects of exercise in hypertensive patients, the best mode of exercise is still under discussion. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review of the literature, synthesizing data on the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak), blood pressure (BP), cardiac autonomic modulation, and resting heart rate (HR) in patients with hypertension. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (via PubMed), CENTRAL, PEDro database, and SciELO (from the earliest date available to December 31, 2020). STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of HIIT in hypertensive patients. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2. DATA EXTRACTION: Mean differences (MDs) with a 95% CI were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. RESULTS: Nine RCTs encompassing 569 patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Five trials compared supervised HIIT with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and a control; 1 trial compared HIIT with MICT, and 3 compared HIIT with a control. In comparison with MICT, HIIT improved VO2 peak MD (3.3 mL.kg-1.min-1; 95% CI, 1.4-5.3; N = 130). In comparison with controls, HIIT improved VO2 peak MD (4.4 mL.kg-1.min-1; 95% CI, 2.5-6.2; N = 162). CONCLUSION: Despite the low quality of the evidence, HIIT is superior to MICT in improving VO2 peak in patients with hypertension. HIIT effectively improved VO2 peak, BP, and resting HR when compared with controls. HIIT appears to be safe only when performed in a supervised manner for stage 1 hypertension patients without associated risk factors.

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Para avaliar o prazer e o gasto energético (GE) de capoeiristas durante sua prática, 16 adultos (10 H/06 M; 27,9 ± 6,8 anos; 75,3 ± 14,8 kg; 170,0 ± 9,0 cm) realizaram uma aula de Capoeira. A frequência cardíaca (FC) foi mensurada pelo Zephyr™ Monitoring System, seguida do cálculo do GE. Instrumentos psicométricos avaliaram a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE: 6/20) e afeto básico/prazer (AB: +5/-5). A FC, PSE e AB, além da limiar anaeróbio (LA) e potência máxima (PMAX), foram determinados em cicloergômetro. A intensidade média da aula foi moderada (PSE: 11 ± 2 pontos; 65 ± 7% FC PICO; 80 ± 12% FC LA) com momentos intensos (PSE: 14 ± 2 pontos). Durante toda a aula, ocorreram respostas afetivas positivas (AB: 3 ± 2 pontos). O GE da sessão foi de 366 ± 82 Kcal (281­505 Kcal) para mulheres e 562 ± 126 Kcal (421­784 Kcal) para homens. Conclui-se que uma aula de Capoeira possibilitou um GE atendendo recomendações para a saúde. O AB (prazer) se manteve independente dos momentos intensos ocorridos na aula.

To assess capoeiristas' pleasure and energy expenditure (EE) during their practice, 16 adults (10M/06W; 27.9±6.8 years; 75.3±14.8 kg; 170.0±9.0 cm) held a Capoeira class.The heart rate (HR) was measured by the ZephyrTMsystem, followed by the EE calculation. Psychometric instruments evaluated perceived exertion ratings [RPE: 6/20] and feeling scale [FS: +5/-5]. The HR, RPE,and FS of the anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximum power (PMAX) were determined on a cyclergometer. The mean intensity of the session was moderate (RPE: 11±2 points; 65±7 %HRPEAK; 80±12 %HRAT) with intense moments (RPE: 14±2 points). Positive affective responses (FS: 3±2 points) occurred throughout the session. The EE of the session was 366±82 Kcal (281-505 Kcal) for women and 562±126 Kcal (421-784 Kcal) for men. We concluded that a Capoeira session enabled EE to attendthe recommendations of health. The FS (pleasure) remained independent of intense moments that occurred in the session.

Para evaluar el placer y el gasto energético (GE) de los capoeiristas durante su práctica, 16 adultos (10 H/06 M; 27,9 ± 6,8 años; 75,3 ± 14,8 kg; 170,0 ± 9,0 cm) realizaron una clase de Capoeira. La frecuencia cardíaca (FC) se midió con el sistema de monitorización Zephyr™ seguido del cálculo de GE. Los instrumentos psicométricos evaluaron la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo [PSE: 6/20] y el afecto básico/placer [AB: +5/-5]. La FC, PSE y AB del umbral anaeróbico (UA) y la potencia máxima (PMAX) se determinaron utilizando un cicloergómetro. La intensidad media de la clase fue moderada (PSE: 11 ± 2 puntos; 65 ± 7% FC PICO; 80 ± 12% FC UA) con momentos intensos (PSE: 14 ± 2 puntos). Las respuestas afectivas positivas ocurrieron a lo largo de la clase (AB: 3 ± 2 puntos). El GE de la sesión fue de 366 ± 82 Kcal (281­505 Kcal) para las mujeres y 562 ± 126 Kcal (421­784 Kcal) para los hombres. Se concluyó que una clase de Capoeira posibilitó que el GE cumpliera con las recomendaciones de salud. El AB (placer) se mantuvo independiente de los momentos intensos que ocurrieron en clase.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to present hypotheses supporting capoeira as an activity aimed at health rehabilitation and maintenance of quality of life. METHODS: Capoeira players (n=245), residing in Brazil and abroad, were evaluated for quality of life (physical, social, psychological, and environmental domains from WHOQOL-bref). The capoeira players' quality of life scores were compared to normative values and reference values in martial arts. Besides, studies involving capoeira (Medline/Embase/Cinahl/SportDiscus) were also reviewed for health-related hypotheses, describing population, intervention, comparator, and outcome. RESULTS: There are hypotheses on capoeira improving health through (1) body composition, addressed by two studies investigating waist circumference, bone, and muscle mass; (2) functional capacity, investigated by three studies considering performance variables; (3) metabolism, in two studies demonstrating triglycerides and blood glucose reduction, and an enhancement of anaerobic glycolysis; and (4) cardiovascular parameters, addressed by two studies highlighting an increase in maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate, and rate of pressure product reduction, as well as an increase in parasympathetic activity at rest. The sample of this study had higher quality of life scores when compared to normative values for Brazilians, similar quality of life when it comes to social relationships, higher quality of life in the psychological and environmental domains, and lower quality of life in the physical domain when compared to practitioners of other combat sports/martial arts. CONCLUSION: An analysis of the impacts of capoeira resulted in hypotheses on the rehabilitation of players' biological health. Although the individuals were evaluated within the pandemic period, their quality of life domains were similar or superior to normative or reference values found by studies from before the pandemic.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to present hypotheses supporting capoeira as an activity aimed at health rehabilitation and maintenance of quality of life. METHODS: Capoeira players (n=245), residing in Brazil and abroad, were evaluated for quality of life (physical, social, psychological, and environmental domains from WHOQOL-bref). The capoeira players' quality of life scores were compared to normative values and reference values in martial arts. Besides, studies involving capoeira (Medline/Embase/Cinahl/SportDiscus) were also reviewed for health-related hypotheses, describing population, intervention, comparator, and outcome. RESULTS: There are hypotheses on capoeira improving health through (1) body composition, addressed by two studies investigating waist circumference, bone, and muscle mass; (2) functional capacity, investigated by three studies considering performance variables; (3) metabolism, in two studies demonstrating triglycerides and blood glucose reduction, and an enhancement of anaerobic glycolysis; and (4) cardiovascular parameters, addressed by two studies highlighting an increase in maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate, and rate of pressure product reduction, as well as an increase in parasympathetic activity at rest. The sample of this study had higher quality of life scores when compared to normative values for Brazilians, similar quality of life when it comes to social relationships, higher quality of life in the psychological and environmental domains, and lower quality of life in the physical domain when compared to practitioners of other combat sports/martial arts. CONCLUSION: An analysis of the impacts of capoeira resulted in hypotheses on the rehabilitation of players' biological health. Although the individuals were evaluated within the pandemic period, their quality of life domains were similar or superior to normative or reference values found by studies from before the pandemic.

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DNA sequencers output a large set of very long biological data strings that we should persist in databases rather than basic text file systems. Many different data models and database management systems (DBMS) may deal with both storage and efficiency issues regarding genomic datasets. Specifically, there is a need for handling strings with variable sizes while keeping their biological meaning. Relational database management systems (RDBMS) provide several data types that could be further explored for the genomics context. Besides, they enforce integrity, consistency, and enable good abstractions for more conventional data. We propose the relational text data type to represent and manipulate biological sequences and their derivatives. We present a logical schema for representing the core biological information, which may be inferred from a given biological conceptual data schema and the corresponding function manipulations. We implement and evaluate these stored functions into an actual RDBMS for both efficacy and efficiency. We show that it is possible to enforce basic and complex requirements for the genomic domain. We claim that the well-established relational text data type in RDBMS may appropriately handle the representation and persistency of biological sequences. We base our approach on the idea of domain-specific abstract data types that can store data with semantically defined functions while hiding those details from non-technical end-users.

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INTRODUCTION: The study investigated the effect of 12 weeks of pilates training on the hemodynamic responses of older women with type-2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: 22 individuals with T2D were randomly allocated into two groups: CONTROL (n = 11; 67.5 ± 6.3 years; 154.7 ± 6.1 cm; 73.5 ± 6.1 kg; calorie intake: 1487.5 ± 360.6 kcal/day) and PILATES (n = 11; 65.5 ± 5.5 years; 155.0 ± 4.5 cm; 66.2 ± 5.4 kg; calorie intake: 1289.3 ± 385.0 kcal/day). The PILATES group executed a 12-week PILATES training program at moderate intensity, 3x/week with each session lasting 60-min. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and postprandial blood glucose were assessed at four timepoints: i) baseline; ii) 4th week; iii) 8th week; and iv) 12th week (s) of intervention. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and the Pearson's correlation coefficient were adopted. The alpha level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: A time∗group interaction effect was found for SBP (F = 4.206; η2 = 0.17; p = 0.02) and DBP (F = 2.624; η2 = 0.12; p = 0.05) with significant reductions (mmHg) in the 4ths and 8ths in the PILATES (PILATES SBP baseline: 134.9 ± 27.6; 4ths: 112.4 ± 15.7; 8ths: 115.8 ± 18.3; 12ths: 124.3 ± 19.1 vs. CONTROL SBP baseline: 126.5 ± 15.7; 4ths: 126.3 ± 16.2; 8ths: 124.5 ± 13.1; 12ths: 126.3 ± 21.4 | PILATES DBP baseline: 72.9 ± 11.3; 4ths: 65.1 ± 12.2; 8ths: 65.8 ± 12.2; 12ths: 67.6 ± 7.5 vs. CONTROL DBP baseline: 74.6 ± 12.0; 4ths: 73.9 ± 11.5; 8ths: 75.3 ± 11.9; 12ths: 74.5 ± 9.2). CONCLUSION: Four and eight weeks of PILATES training promotes reduction in the SBP and DBP of older women with T2D. The exercises performed in this study were mainly body weight exercises and required a few auxiliary materials, which turns this method of training accessible.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre o treinamento resistido (TR) e variáveis relacionadas com escores de ansiedade e depressão em mulheres brasileiras. Participaram do estudo 154 mulheres praticantes de TR (40,9±8,6 anos; 61,7±9,9 kg; 160,0±5,0 cm) e 113 mulheres não praticantes de exercício físico (Controle) (39,0±8,0 anos; 64,2±11,2 kg; 160,0±6,0 cm). As participantes responderam à Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale e questões sociodemográficas relacionadas ao exercício físico. Diferenças estatísticas ocorreram entre os grupos em relação à ansiedade (TR: 0,75±0,48 vs. Controle: 1,07±0,57; P<0,001) e depressão (TR: 0,84±0,34 vs. Controle: 1,02±0,40; P<0,001). A frequência semanal de TR foi preditora de ansiedade [ß=-0,165; F(1,138)=6,39; P=0,05] e depressão [ß=-0,213; F(1,138)=6,46; P=0,01]. Conclui-se que mulheres brasileiras que praticam TR apresentam menores escores de ansiedade e depressão quando comparadas à não praticantes de exercício físico. Além disso, maior frequência semanal de TR prediz menores escores de ansiedade e depressão nesta população.

The aim was to verify the association between resistance training (RT) and related variables with anxiety and depression scores in Brazilian women. One hundred and fifty-four women practitioners of RT (40.9±8.6 years; 61.7±9.9 kg; 160.0±5.0 cm) and 113 non-practitioners (Control) participated in the study. Participants answered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and sociodemographic questions related to physical exercise. Statistical differences between groups occurred for anxiety (RT: 0.75±0.48 vs. Control: 1.07±0.57; P<0.001) and depression (RT: 0.84±0.34 vs. Control: 1.02±0.40; P<0.001). Weekly RT frequency significantly predicted anxiety [ß=-0.165; F(1.138)=6.39; P=0.05] and depression [ß=-0.213; F(1.138)=6.46; P=0.01]. We concluded that Brazilian women who practice RT presented lower anxiety and depression scores when compared to non-practitioners. In addition, a higher weekly frequency of RT predicted lower depression and anxiety scores in this population.

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To analyze the perceptual responses and future intentions (FI) to engage in continuous moderate aerobic exercise (CE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) of individuals with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), we had 25 participants with SAH (M age = 48.0, SD = 8.0 years) perform, on different days and in randomized order, 33 minute sessions of CE and 30 minutes of HIIE. Twenty seconds after each 3-minutes of these sessions, we obtained participant responses to Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE), the Feeling Scale (FS), the Felt Arousal Scale (FAS), and attentional focus (AF). We assessed their FI to engage in CE and HIIE at the end of each session. We analyzed results using two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures, Spearman correlation coefficients, a simple linear regression, and Wilcoxon test. We found a significant time by session type (CE and HIIE) interaction effect for RPE (p < .001), FAS (p = .002), and AF (p = .004). Participants' FI to engage in HIIE were only significantly correlated with FAS (r = -.424; p = .035) and AF (r = .431; p = .032) responses. FAS responses (ßz = -.455; R2 = .207; p = .022) and AF responses (ßz = .467; R2 = .218; p = .019) predicted FI for engaging in HIIE. There were no significant differences in participants' FI to engage in CE sessions (M = 76.4, SD =22.5%) versus HIIE sessions (M = 71.8, SD = 22.9%; p = .177). Individuals with SAH had more positive perceptions of CE than HIIE, as seen by their greater dissociative AF in the CE sessions. Furthermore, these results supported the application of strategies aimed at manipulating AF in this population, possibly as a tool to increase participants' FI to engage in subsequent physical exercise.

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ABSTRACT: Santos, GAd, Numata-Filho, ES, Rosa, TdS, Passos Neves, RV, Simões, HG, and Moreira, SR. Anaerobic threshold determination in cycle ergometer from rating of perceived exertion. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1277-1281, 2022-The objective of the study was to investigate the validity of the rating of perceived exertion threshold (TRPE) for anaerobic threshold (AT) estimation during an incremental test (IT) on a cycle ergometer. Nineteen physically active and healthy men performed an IT on a cycle ergometer. The intensity corresponding to the AT was considered as the point immediately before the abrupt increase in blood lactate concentration ([La]) in the IT. TRPE was determined in the last intensity corresponding to perceptual response previous the 15 arbitrary units (AU) in the 15-point RPE scale. The heart rate (HR), [La], and RPE were obtained at the end of each stage of the IT. There was no significant difference between workload obtained from the AT (150 [120-150] watts) and TRPE (150 [120-150] watts) (p > 0.05). In addition, there were no differences between HR (AT, 139.5 ± 12.7 b·min-1 vs. TRPE, 141.9 ± 14.6 b·min-1, p > 0.05) and [La] (AT, 3.1 [2.8-3.2] mM vs. TRPE, 3.1 [2.9-3.7] mM, p > 0.05). There was a strong correlation between the intensities in AT and TRPE during the IT (r = 0.88). A substantial reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.84 [0.64-0.94 confidence interval 95%]) was evidenced, as well as a substantial agreement between the AT and TRPE intensities (Pc = 0.84), as confirmed by the Bland-Altman plot (-4.7 [-34.2/24.7]). TRPE was a predictor of the AT (ß = 1.146, R = 0.770, SEE = 15.070, p < 0.01). It can be concluded that TRPE is valid for AT estimation during an IT on a cycle ergometer.

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O exercício resistido (ER) pode reduzir a glicose no sangue em pessoas com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). No entanto, é necessária maior clareza quanto à intensidade do ER e ao tempo necessário para essa resposta aguda. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as respostas agudas de glicose no sangue no segundo dia de recuperação do ER moderada versus de alta intensidade em mulheres com DM2. Doze mulheres com DM2 (55,2 ± 4,0 anos; 70,1 ± 11,4 kg; e 155,7 ± 3,3 cm) realizaram duas sessões experimentais com sete dias de intervalo em ordem aleatória. Para a sessão 1: ER40% do teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) e sessão 2: ER80%1RM, com 16 e 8 repetições para cada série, respectivamente, em 7 exercícios com 3 circuitos durante 40min. A glicemia foi monitorada por 35h (primeiro dia: 24h e segundo dia: 11h) a cada 5 minutos após cada sessão experimental pelo Sistema de Monitoramento Contínuo de Glicose (modelo Guardian REAL-Time). O teste t de Student não mostrou diferença significativa na glicemia do segundo dia (11h) após as sessões de ER40%1RM vs. RE80%1RM [respectivamente, 161,3 ± 62,3 mg.dL-1 vs. 157,2 ± 41,9 mg.dL-1; t (11) = 0,259; p = 0,800]. A ANOVA two-way para medidas repetidas mostrou que as respostas de glicose no sangue a cada hora durante a recuperação no segundo dia não mostraram diferenças significativas entre as sessões de ER [F (1,731; 19,039) = 0,688; p = 0,734]. Concluímos que as respostas glicêmicas agudas no segundo dia da recuperação do ER de intensidade moderada e alta não diferiram entre as mulheres com DM2.

Resistance exercise (RE) can lower blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, greater clarity is needed regarding the RE intensity and time required for this acute response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare acute blood glucose responses on the second day of recovery from moderate vs. high-intensity RE in women with T2D. Twelve women with T2D (55.2 ± 4.0 years; 70.1 ± 11.4 kg; and 155.7 ± 3.3 cm) performed two experimental sessions seven days apart in a randomized order. For session 1: RE40% of one-repetition maximum test (1RM) and session 2: RE80%1RM, with 16 and 8 repetitions for each set, respectively, in 7 exercises with 3 circuits during 40min. Blood glucose was monitored for over 35h (first day: 24h and second day: 11h) every 5 minutes after each experimental session by the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (Guardian REAL-Time model). Student's t-test showed no significant difference in blood glucose on the second day (11h) after RE40%1RM vs. RE80%1RM sessions [respectively, 161.3 ± 62.3 mg.dL-1 vs. 157.2 ± 41.9 mg.dL-1; t (11) = 0.259; p = 0.800]. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures showed that blood glucose responses every hour during recovery on the second day showed no significant differences between RE sessions [F (1.731, 19.039) = 0.688; p = 0.734]. We concluded that the acute blood glucose responses on the second day of moderate and high intensity RE did not differ among women with T2D.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses have demonstrated that isometric handgrip training (IHT) decreases blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Nonetheless, most studies were conducted in laboratory settings and its effects in real-world settings remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of IHT on office and ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary healthcare. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled trial conducted in primary healthcare units within the Family Health Program, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: 63 hypertensive patients (30-79 years old; 70% female) were randomly allocated into IHT or control groups. IHT was performed three times per week (4 x 2 minutes at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, one-minute rest between bouts, alternating the hands). Before and after the 12-week training period, office and ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability were obtained. The significance level was set at P < 0.05 (two-tailed testing) for all analyses. RESULTS: IHT significantly decreased office systolic blood pressure (IHT: 129 ± 4 versus 121 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05; control: 126 ± 4 versus 126 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05), whereas there was no effect on diastolic blood pressure (IHT: 83 ± 3 versus 79 ± 2 mmHg, P > 0.05; control: 81 ± 3 versus 77 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05). Heart rate variability and ambulatory blood pressure were not altered by the interventions (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: IHT reduced office systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary care. However, there were effects regarding diastolic blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure or heart rate variability. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03216317.

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BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses have demonstrated that isometric handgrip training (IHT) decreases blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Nonetheless, most studies were conducted in laboratory settings and its effects in real-world settings remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of IHT on office and ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary healthcare. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled trial conducted in primary healthcare units within the Family Health Program, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: 63 hypertensive patients (30-79 years old; 70% female) were randomly allocated into IHT or control groups. IHT was performed three times per week (4 x 2 minutes at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, one-minute rest between bouts, alternating the hands). Before and after the 12-week training period, office and ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability were obtained. The significance level was set at P < 0.05 (two-tailed testing) for all analyses. RESULTS: IHT significantly decreased office systolic blood pressure (IHT: 129 ± 4 versus 121 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05; control: 126 ± 4 versus 126 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05), whereas there was no effect on diastolic blood pressure (IHT: 83 ± 3 versus 79 ± 2 mmHg, P > 0.05; control: 81 ± 3 versus 77 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05). Heart rate variability and ambulatory blood pressure were not altered by the interventions (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: IHT reduced office systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary care. However, there were effects regarding diastolic blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure or heart rate variability. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03216317.

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SUMMARY: This study aimed to characterize the anthropometric profile and functional performance of elite competitors in different categories in the world championship of the ABADÁ-Capoeira School. Fifty high level male athletes were divided according to their weight categories, being: light category (VIOLA: ≤ 76.9 kg; n = 15); intermediate category (MEDIO: > 77.0 kg until ≤ 85.9 kg; n = 25) and heavy category (GUNGA: ≥ 86.0 kg; n = 10). Two evaluation batteries were performed: 1) anthropometry and somatotype determination; 2) physical performance in tests of push-up, sit-up, sit-and-reach, quadrant jump test, squat jump (SJ), and counter movement jump (CMJ). The "endo-mesomorph" classification predominated in the three categories. There was a difference in the quadrant jump test between VIOLA and GUNGA subgroups (F[2.47] = 4.299; p = 0.019). Endomorphism had a negative correlation (p < 0.01) with the performance in the sit-up (r = -0.51), push-up (r = -0.39), SJ (r = -0.45), and CMJ (r = -0.49). Male elite competitors at the international level, regardless the weight category, have a predominance of the mesomorphic component of the somatotype. Moreover, all capoeira athletes were classified as excellent for the sit-and-reach, sit-up, and push-up, and the latter were positively correlated with mesomorphism. However, endomorphism was inversely associated with the sit-up, push-up, SJ, and CMJ. In this way, the present study assists coaches in the formulation of appropriate training programs aiming the development of an ideal physical composition, which will be associated with high-level performance in capoeira.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el perfil antropométrico y el desempeño funcional de los competidores de élite en diferentes categorías en el campeonato mundial de la Escuela de Capoeira ABADÁ. Cincuenta deportistas masculinos de alto nivel se dividieron según sus categorías de peso: categoría ligera (VIOLA: ≤ 76,9 kg; n = 15); categoría intermedia (MEDIO: > 77,0 kg hasta ≤ 85,9 kg; n = 25) y categoría pesada (GUNGA: ≥ 86,0 kg; n = 10). Se realizaron dos baterías de evaluación: 1) antropometría y determinación del somatotipo; 2) rendimiento físico en pruebas de flexiones, abdominales, sentadillas y estiramientos, prueba de salto en cuadrante, salto en cuclillas y salto con contramovimiento. La clasificación "endo-mesomorfo" predominó en las tres categorías. Hubo una diferencia en la prueba de salto de cuadrante entre los subgrupos VIOLA y GUNGA (F [2,47] = 4,299; p = 0,019). El endomorfismo tuvo una correlación negativa (p <0.01) con el desempeño en los abdominales (r = - 0,51), lagartijas (r = -0,39), SJ (r = -0,45) y CMJ (r = - 0,49). Los competidores de élite masculinos a nivel internacional, indepen- dientemente de la categoría de peso, tienen predominio del componente mesomórfico del somatotipo. Además, todos los atletas de capoeira fueron clasificados como excelentes para sit-and-reach, sit-up y push-up, y estos últimos se correlacionaron positivamente con el MESO. Sin embargo, el ENDO se asoció inversamente con los abdominales, lagartijas, SJ y CMJ. De esta manera, el presente estudio ayuda a los entrenadores en la formulación de programas de entrenamiento adecuados que apunten al desarrollo de una composición física ideal, que estará asociada con un rendimiento de alto nivel en la capoeira.

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Abstract A case report of six brown booby (Sula leucogaster) envenomation following the ingestion of toadfish (Porichthys porosissimus) specimens in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil is discussed herein. Several macro- and microscopic pathological alterations were observed in the examined brown booby specimens, and rapid envenomation (<24 h) is suggested due to the digestion stage of the fish found in their gastrointestinal tracts. This is the first report to mention the death of adult and juvenile brown boobies due to envenomation by the toadfish P. porosissimus. Further studies assessing the role of discarded fish as a driving force of negative effects on seabirds, such as envenomations, for example, along the southeastern coast of Brazil are recommended.

Resumo Um relato de caso sobre o envenenamento de seis indivíduos de atobás-marrons (Sula leucogaster) após a ingestão de espécimes de mangagá-liso (Porichthys porosissimus) no Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil, é discutido neste estudo. Diversas alterações patológicas macro e microscópicas foram observadas nos espécimes de atobá-marrom examinados, e um envenenamento rápido (<24 h) é sugerido devido ao estágio de digestão dos peixes encontrados em seus tubos digestórios. Este é o primeiro registro que menciona a morte de indivíduos juvenis e adultos de atobás marrons por envenenamento devido a ingestão do magangá-liso P. porosissimus. Novos estudos avaliando o papel dos peixes descartados como uma força motriz dos efeitos negativos sobre as aves marinhas como, por exemplo, envenenamentos, ao longo da costa sudeste do Brasil são recomendados.

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O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar o efeito agudo do óleo essencial de eucalipto (OEE) nas respostas cardiovasculares de repouso e após sessão de exercício resistido isométrico (ERI). Vinte idosos, após serem submetidos a sessões experimentais com inalação de OEE ou condição controle, permaneceram em recuperação durante 60 min (Rec-60') para depois realizaram três séries de 1 min (1 min de recuperação entre séries) no ERI, para membro superior dominante em aparelho de preensão manual, com intensidade de 30% da contração voluntária máxima (ERI-30%). Intervalos R-R (iRR) e medidas no domínio da frequência (low frequency ­ LF e high frequency ­ HF) além da pressão arterial (PA), frequência cardíaca (FC) e duplo produto (DP) foram avaliados. Não ocorreram diferenças (p>0,05) quando comparadas as sessões (OEE vs.controle) na Rec-60' e ERI-30%. Diferenças foram encontradas no fator tempo do repouso para Rec-60' nas variáveis FC e iRR e do repouso para ERI-30% na PA sistólica, PA diastólica e DP. A inalação do OEE não proporcionou alterações significativas nas respostas cardiovasculares e autonômicas de idosos no repouso e após sessão de ERI-30%.

The aim was to investigate the acute effect of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) in cardiovascular responses of rest and after isometric resistance exercise (IRE). Twenty elderly individuals, after being submitted to experimental sessions with inhalation of EEO or control condition, remained in recovery for 60 min (Rec-60') and then performed three sets of 1 min (1 min recovery between sets) in IRE, for dominant upper limb in handgrip, with intensity of 30% of maximum voluntary contraction (IRE-30%). R-R intervals (RRi) and measurements in the frequency domain (low frequency ­ LF and high frequency ­ HF) in addition to blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rate product pressure (RPP) were evaluated. There were no differences (p>0.05) when comparing the sessions (EEO vs.control) in Rec-60' and IRE-30%. Differences were found in the time factor of rest to Rec-60' in HR and RRi variables and of rest to IRE-30% in systolic BP, diastolic BP and RPP. Inhalation of EEO did not provided significant changes in cardiovascular and autonomic responses on rest and after IRE-30% in elderly individuals.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Adequate measurement of movement velocity in strength exercises can assist in the prescription and evaluation of training effects. Objective The objectives of the present study were to analyze the reliability (test-retest) and concurrent validity of the movement velocity measured by means of the electrogoniometer and accelerometer during horizontal leg press exercise at different intensities (40, 60, 80% of a maximum repetition - 1RM). Methods Eighteen young women attended the laboratory on five occasions. After determining the maximum dynamic force, two visits (separated by 48-72 hours) were used to verify the reliability (test-retest) for different speed variables in the three intensities. Results The mean propulsive velocity obtained by the goniometer showed higher Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and lower coefficients of variation compared to the accelerometer. The same behavior was observed for both the mean velocity and the peak velocity. The propulsive time was more reproducible and with less variation for the accelerometer and bad CCI for both sensors were observed at 60% of 1RM. When the sensors are compared, the mean and average propulsive velocities presented moderate ratios with a large to very large standardized medium bias. Conclusion The potentiometer of the electrogoniometer can be used to estimate the velocity in the horizontal leg press exercise, especially for loads of 60 and 80%. The performance of the accelerometer was inferior to that of the potentiometer. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic studies.

RESUMO Introdução A adequada mensuração da velocidade de movimento nos exercícios de força muscular pode auxiliar na prescrição e avaliação dos efeitos do treinamento. Objetivo Os objetivos do presente estudo foram analisar a confiabilidade (teste-reteste) e validade concorrente da velocidade de movimento mensurada por meio do eletrogoniômetro e acelerômetro durante exercício leg press horizontal em diferentes intensidades (40, 60, 80% de uma repetição máxima - 1RM). Métodos Dezoito mulheres jovens compareceram ao laboratório em cinco ocasiões. Após determinação da força dinâmica máxima, duas visitas (separadas por 48-72 horas) foram destinadas a verificação da confiabilidade (teste-reteste) para diferentes variáveis de velocidade nas três intensidades. Resultados A velocidade média propulsiva obtida pelo goniômetro apresentou maiores coeficientes de correlação Intraclasse (CCI) e menores coeficientes de variação em comparação ao acelerômetro. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado tanto para a velocidade média quanto a pico. O tempo propulsivo foi mais reprodutível e com menor variação para o acelerômetro e CCI ruins para ambos os sensores foram observados em 60% de 1RM. Quando os sensores são comparados, a velocidade média e média propulsiva apresentaram relações moderadas com viés médio padronizado grande a muito grande. Conclusão O potenciômetro do eletrogoniômetro pode ser utilizado para estimar a velocidade no exercício leg press horizontal, em especial, para cargas de 60 e 80%. O desempenho do acelerômetro se mostrou inferior ao do potenciômetro. Nível de evidência II; Estudos diagnósticos.

RESUMEN Introducción La medición adecuada de la velocidad de movimiento en los ejercicios de fuerza muscular puede ayudar en la prescripción y evaluación de los efectos del entrenamiento. Objetivo Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron analizar la confiabilidad (test-retest) y la validez concurrente de la velocidad de movimiento medida por medio del electrogoniómetro y acelerómetro durante ejercicio leg press horizontal en diferentes intensidades (40, 60, 80% de una repetición máxima - ١RM). Métodos Dieciocho mujeres jóvenes asistieron al laboratorio en cinco ocasiones. Después de la determinación de la fuerza dinámica máxima, dos visitas (separadas por 48-72 horas) fueron destinadas a verificación de la confiabilidad (test-reteste) para diferentes variables de velocidad en las tres intensidades. Resultados La velocidad media propulsiva obtenida por el goniómetro presentó mayores coeficientes de correlación Intraclasse (CCI) y menores coeficientes de variación en comparación al acelerómetro. El mismo comportamiento se verificó tanto para la velocidad media como la pico. El tiempo propulsivo fue más reproducible y con menor variación para el acelerómetro y CCI malos para ambos sensores se observó en un 60% de 1RM. Cuando los sensores son comparados, la velocidad media y media propulsiva presentaron relaciones moderadas con sesgo medio estandarizado grande a muy grande. Conclusión El potenciómetro del electrogoniómetro puede ser utilizado para estimar la velocidad en el ejercicio leg press horizontal, en especial, para cargas de 60 y 80%. El rendimiento del acelerómetro se mostró inferior al del potenciómetro. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios dianósticos.

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Objective to analyze sociodemographic variables associated with insufficient physical activity level in Bahian quilombolas. Methods this was a cross-sectional study with data on sociodemographic characteristics and level of physical activity using a standardized form, administered through interviews with a representative sample of adults living in quilombos in the geographical region of Bahia; crude and adjusted logistic regression was used. Results 850 participants were included whose average age was 45.0+17.0 years; 61.2% were female; prevalence of physical inactivity was 21.9% (95%CI 19.1; 24.7); insufficient physical activity level among adult quilombolas was higher among the elderly (OR 2.12; 95%CI 1.29; 3.49) and individuals who did not work (OR 1.47; 95%CI 1.01; 2, 14). Conclusion being elderly and not working is associated with insufficient physical activity in quilombolas.

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Aging is associated with increased oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and decreased telomere length (TL). However, the lifestyle of master athletes can lead to a reduced risk of these conditions, and thus attenuates aging and performance deterioration. We aimed to analyze the relationships between TL and relative performance (RP), and their relation to adiposity, oxidative stress, and inflammation in endurance (END) and sprint/power (SPW) master athletes (MAs). Twenty-two world-class MAs visited the laboratory for anamnesis, anthropometrics, and blood sampling. Inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were assessed using commercial kits. Relative TL was determined in leukocytes through qPCR analyses. A positive association was observed between RP and TL in both groups (SPW: r=0.641; END: r=0.685) and the whole sample (r=0.594). The IL6/IL10 ratio presented an inverse correlation with RP in the whole sample (r=-0.580). Body mass index also demonstrated a negative correlation with TL for the END group (r=-0.690) and the whole sample analysis (r=-0.455). Moreover, the IL6/IL10 ratio was negatively associated with strength/power training hours (r=-0.464), whereas the CAT/TBARS ratio was negatively associated with aerobic training hours (r=-0.482). In conclusion, TL of MAs was associated with RP regardless of the training model (endurance or sprint/power), and inflammation and adiposity were associated with shorter telomeres.

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Melo, KCB, Araújo, FdS, Cordeiro Júnior, CCM, de Andrade, KTP, and Moreira, SR. Pilates method training: Functional and blood glucose responses of older women with type 2 diabetes. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1001-1007, 2020-The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of the Pilates method on the functional capacity (FC) and glycemic control of older women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Twenty-two women with T2D were randomized into control (CONTROL: 67.5 ± 6.3 years; 154.7 ± 6.1 cm; 73.5 ± 6.1 kg) and Pilates (PILATES: 65.5 ± 5.5 years; 155.0 ± 4.5 cm; 66.2 ± 5.4 kg) groups, which held sessions of 60 minutes at a frequency of 3 times per week during 12 weeks. Blood glucose was measured before and after sessions in PILATES, as well as in moments of pre, rest, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of the PILATES and CONTROL interventions. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level before and after 12 weeks of the intervention was evaluated. The general index of the FC (GIFC) was obtained through a battery of tests for older patients with T2D. Analysis of variance detected differences in the GIFC for PILATES vs. CONTROL, respectively, in 4 weeks (30.3 ± 4.6 vs. 34.8 ± 4.9 seconds; p < 0.05), 8 weeks (29.2 ± 4.5 vs. 34.6 ± 4.9 seconds; p < 0.05), and 12 weeks (27.2 ± 4.0 vs. 35.3 ± 4.6 seconds; p < 0.05). PILATES presented a difference in postprandial glycemia pre- vs. 4 and 12 weeks (246.1 ± 58.5 vs. 219.9 ± 59.9 and 207.6 ± 49.1 mg·dl, respectively; p < 0.05), as well as in HbA1c pre- vs. 12 weeks (7.8 ± 1.0 vs. 6.7 ± 0.6%, respectively; p < 0.05). Differences in postprandial glycemia (p < 0.05) were found in PILATES before vs. after sessions, respectively, of 1st-12th (217.1 ± 49.1 vs. 157.9 ± 55.7 mg·dl), 13th-24th (204.5 ± 44.7 vs. 146.3 ± 44.5 mg·dl), and 25th-36th (214.3 ± 40.4 vs. 152.7 ± 52.0 mg·dl). A correlation between postprandial glycemia and GIFC after 12 weeks was detected (r = 0.37; p = 0.04). It is concluded that 12 weeks of the Pilates method induces improvement and relationship in the FC and glycemic control in older women with T2D.

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