RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ethanolic extract of the bark of bacupari (Garcinia brasiliensis - EEB) on the abundance of intestinal microbiota, concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), oxidative stress, and inflammation in obese rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: an HFD-fed obese control group, a group fed HFD plus EEB (BHFD) at a dose of 300â¯mg per animal per day (42â¯mg 7-epiclusianone and 10.76â¯mg morelloflavone), and a lean control group fed an AIN-93â¯M diet for 8â¯weeks. EEB decreased (pâ¯<â¯0.05) the abundance of organisms belonging to the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and increased (pâ¯<â¯0.05) the concentration of propionic acid. Liver concentrations of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, resistin, and p65 nuclear factor-kappa B p65(NF-κB) decreased (pâ¯<â¯0.05), while the expression of heat shock protein (HSP)72 and catalase increased (pâ¯<â¯0.05) with the consumption of EEB. Moreover, computational molecular modeling studies involving molecular docking between the main constituents of EEB, 7-epiclusianone and morelloflavone, and NF-κB suggested its inhibitory activity, thus corroborating the experimental results. The consumption of EEB may therefore be a promising strategy for the beneficial dietary modulation of the intestinal ecosystem, thereby countering oxidative stress and inflammation in obese rats. This activity is attributable to the presence of bioactive compounds that act individually or synergistically in the scavenging of free radicals or in the inflammatory process.
Assuntos
Garcinia/química , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Obesidade/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a source of bioactive peptides, but little is known about its effects on hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of whole flour and bean protein hydrolysate of common bean variety Carioca on inflammation and oxidative stress in BALB/c mice. Four experimental groups were included in the study: standard diet (SD), high fat high cholesterol diet (HFC), high fat high cholesterol diet and whole bean flour (HFC-F); and high fat high cholesterol diet and bean protein hydrolysate (HFC-PH). Animals fed with bean protein hydrolysate showed lower weight gain and food intake. Animals fed with whole bean flour showed lower alanine aminotransferase and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than animals fed with bean protein hydrolysate. SOD mRNA was lower in HFC, HFC-F and HFC-PH groups whereas SOD concentration was higher in HFC-F and HFC-PH groups. HSP72 mRNA expression was lower in the HFC-F group in relation to HFC-PH. IL-10 and PPARα mRNA expression was lower in HFC-F and HFC-PH groups in comparison with SD. The whole bean flour and bean protein hydrolysate reduced inflammation and the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in BALB/c mice.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Farinha , Phaseolus/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Hiperlipidemias/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrolisados de Proteína/químicaRESUMO
The present study investigated the influence of chia consumption on inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid profiles in adult female ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat diet. Forty ovariectomized and 40 intact (SHAM) rats were allocated into 8 groups (n = 10), and each rat received one of the following four diets: standard diet (ST); standard diet + chia (STC); high-fat diet (HF); and high-fat diet + chia (HFC) for 126 days. Biochemical parameters and biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and oxidative stress were evaluated. The mRNA expression levels of PPAR-α, NFκB, TNF-α and Zn-SOD1 were analyzed, as well as those of TNF-α and IL-1ß. Chia intake increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) and reduced LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) levels. Plasma catalase activity was elevated in the STC group. Concentrations of TBARS were higher in all groups fed HF. PPAR-α mRNA expression was elevated, and levels of NFκB mRNA expression were reduced in the STC group. mRNA expression and protein levels of TNF-α were lower in rats fed the standard diet. Protein levels of IL-1ß were reduced in rats fed the standard diet, and the high fat diet with chia. In general, ovariectomy did not influence the inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. Chia intake improved antioxidant activity by increasing SOD expression, PPAR-α expression, catalase activity, and HDL-c levels. In addition, chia consumption decreased the concentrations of the inflammatory markers IL-1ß and LDL-c.
Assuntos
Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Ovariectomia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Salvia/química , Animais , Biomarcadores , Brasil , Catalase/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Fígado Gorduroso , Feminino , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipídeos/sangue , Fígado/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/sangue , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sementes/química , Superóxido Dismutase-1/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
The aim was to evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract of bacupari peel (EEB) on biometric measurements, hepatic lipogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese Wistar rats. Chemical analysis of the bacupari peel extract identified 7-epiclusianone as the major constituent (140.02â¯mg/g) followed by morelloflavone (35.86â¯mg/g). Animals treated with high fat diet plus EEB (BHFD) reduced body mass index (BMI), liver weight and hepatosomatic index in relation to the obese control. The food intake was similar between hyperlipid group (HFD) groups with or without EEB. However, the normal control group (AIN-93â¯M) presented higher food intake and lower final weight compared to the obese control (HFD). The PPAR-α, CPT-1a and the ADIPOR2 genes expressions, and the concentration of the PPAR-α and the adiponectin protein level increased in the BHFD group in relation to the obese control. The EEB promoted reduction of the SREBP-1c gene expression and the percentage of hepatic fat and the degree of steatosis in relation to HFD. It was concluded that EEB showed a protective effect on NAFLD, as it promoted a reduction in BMI, induced lipid oxidation, reduced lipogenesis and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, our results suggest an interaction that can lead to an agonist activity of the EEB to the PPAR-α receptor.
Assuntos
Dieta Hiperlipídica , Garcinia/química , Lipogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Frutas/química , Obesidade , PPAR alfa , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
This study investigated the chemical and nutritional composition of breakfast cereal based on whole sorghum, and the effect of its association with unfermented probiotic milk on the inflammation and oxidative stress of individuals with chronic kidney disease. Extruded sorghum breakfast meal presented higher carbohydrate concentration (approximately 71%), followed by protein (approximately 11%) and lipid (approximately 0.4%). When compared to extruded maize breakfast meal, it presented higher percentage of dietary fiber (pâ¯<â¯0.05), and higher content of phenolic compounds and tannin, consequently higher antioxidant activity (pâ¯<â¯0.05). Extruded sorghum breakfast cereal combined with unfermented probiotic milk decreased the C-reactive protein (pâ¯<â¯0.05) and malondialdehyde (pâ¯<â¯0.05) serum levels and increased the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (pâ¯<â¯0.05) in patients with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, the extruded sorghum, source of tannin, anthocyanin, and dietary fiber, when consumed with unfermented probiotic milk alleviates the inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease.