RESUMO

The procedure followed by the Nuclear Metrology Laboratory (LMN) at the IPEN for the primary standardization of a (243Am + 239Np) solution, in secular equilibrium, is described. The measurement was carried out in a 4π(PC) (α,ß)-γ coincidence system. The total activity per unit mass of the solution was determined by the extrapolation technique, using a software coincidence counting systsem. The extrapolation curves were compared with Monte Carlo calculations by means of Code ESQUEMA, used in previous works, which, was improved and applied in order to calculate the alpha, beta, gamma, X-rays and coincidence spectra.

RESUMO

The activity concentration of a solution of (99)Tc was absolutely determined by liquid scintillation measurements based on the triple-to double-coincidence ratio method (TDCR) and compared with the results given by 4πß(LS)-γ(NaI) live-timed anticoincidence (with extending dead-time) and classical 4πß(PC)-γ(NaI) coincidence counting systems based on using (60)Co as the efficiency-tracing radionuclide. The results of anticoincidence and coincidence counting are, respectively, 0.18% and 0.66% higher than the result from TDCR measurements, but they are consistent within uncertainties.

RESUMO

A interação que as crianças estabelecem com o ambiente e, especialmente com a equipe de saúde, pode auxiliá-las diante da doença, capacitando-as na adaptação às mudanças no cotidiano e a reagir com flexibilidade diante das limitações do tratamento. Portanto esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a assistência doenfermeiro à criança em tratamento dialítico no serviço de Nefrologia de um Hospital de Ensino. Utilizou-sepesquisa descritiva e com abordagem qualitativa. Os sujeitos foram 8 enfermeiras da Unidade de Nefrologia.Para a coleta de dados foi realizada entrevista estruturada, com análise de dados baseada no referencial doconteúdo de Bardin. Nos resultados verificou-se que todas as enfermeiras eram do sexo feminino, a maioria na faixa etária de 22 a 32 anos e com 1 a 7 anos de formação. Na análise de conteúdo foram definidos quatro temas. 1. Trabalho em Nefrologia: demonstraram experiência e conhecimento técnico-científico voltados ao paciente adulto, por ser uma unidade específica para este atendimento. 2. Assistência à criança: fica um pouco prejudicada pela característica da unidade, no entanto, apesar das dificuldades, há esforços epreocupação nesta assistência. 3. Relacionamento com a família: no início do tratamento referem dificuldade na abordagem e interação com a família, o que vai melhorando no decorrer dos atendimentos. 4.Avaliação docrescimento e desenvolvimento na assistência: procuram ficar atentas, mas nem sempre de maneira satisfatóriapor não terem um ambiente próprio para criança. Concluiu-se que as enfermeiras têm preparo para trabalhar com paciente adulto, porém com algumas dificuldades para abordagem à criança e família, apesar de possuírem um bom embasamento técnico-científico. Sabem da importância do crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança para a assistência, porém não utilizam de maneira mais eficiente e eficaz, devido às condições da unidade. Há falta do profissional especialista na Nefrologia Pediátrica.

The relationship between children and the environment, especially with the health team could help them to face the illness, providing them the ability to adapt to any daily change and to react the limits of treatment with flexibility. To analyze the nurse´s assistance to the children on dialysis treatment at the Nephrology service in a School Hospital. This is a descriptive study with qualitative approach. The individuals were 8 nurses of the Nephrology Unity. A structured interview with data analysis based on the Bardin´s contentreferential for data collection was used. All nurses were female, the majority aged between 22 to 32 with 1 to7 years of graduation. Four themes regarding the content analysis were defined: 1. Nephrology experience:it showed practice and scientific-technical knowledge addressed to the adult patient because this is aspecific unit for such assistance. 2. Assistance to the child: due to this unit characteristic, there is some damage on this issue, however, in spite of this; there are efforts and concern about this assistance. 3. Relationship with the family: at the beginning of the treatment there are some difficulties on approaching and interacting with the family; this will improve in further appointments. 4. Assessment of the assistance growth and development: they try to be promptly , but it is not always satisfactory since they do not found a proper environment for the child. According to these results, it was observed that all the nurses have shown ability to work with the adult patient, but in spite of having a good scientific-technical knowledge, they have somedifficulty to deal with the child and family They know the importance of the child growth and development to the assistance, however they do not use it productively and efficiently , due to this unit conditions. There is a lack of expert professional for Pediatric Nephrology.

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RESUMO

This work describes the method developed by the Nuclear Metrology Laboratory in IPEN, São Paulo, Brazil, for the standardization of a (57)Co radioactive solution. Cobalt-57 is a radionuclide used for calibrating gamma-ray and X-ray spectrometers, as well as a gamma reference source for dose calibrators used in nuclear medicine services. Two 4pibeta-gamma coincidence systems were used to perform the standardization, the first used a 4pi(PC) counter coupled to a pair of 76 mm x 76 mm NaI(Tl) scintillators for detecting gamma-rays, the other one used a HPGe spectrometer for gamma detection. The measurements were performed by selecting a gamma-ray window comprising the (122 keV+136 keV) total absorption energy peaks in the NaI(Tl) and selecting the total absorption peak of 122 keV in the germanium detector. The electronic system used the TAC method developed at LMN for registering the observed events. The methodology recently developed by the LMN for simulating all detection processes in a 4pibeta-gamma coincidence system, by means of the Monte Carlo technique, was applied and the behavior of extrapolation curve compared to experimental data. The final activity obtained by the Monte Carlo calculation agrees with the experimental results within the experimental uncertainty.

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RESUMO

In this paper results of X-ray and gamma-ray emission probabilities per decay of (51)Cr and (241)Am are presented. The measurements were carried out by means of HPGe planar and REGe spectrometers. The activity of (51)Cr and (241)Am samples was determined in a 4pibeta-gamma coincidence counting system. The HPGe spectrometers were calibrated in a well defined geometry by means of (54)Mn, (55)Fe, (57)Co, (133)Ba, (152)Eu, (166m)Ho and (241)Am sources, previously standardized in a 4pibeta-gamma coincidence system. The MCNP Monte Carlo code was used for simulation of the REGe spectrometer calibration curve, for the selected geometry, and compared with the experimental curve. The experimental results were compared with data from literature.

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RESUMO

The activity of 72Ga sources produced by irradiation at the IEA-R1 reactor have been performed in a 4pibeta-gamma coincidence system by using the extrapolation technique. The measurements were undertaken selecting two windows in the gamma-channel, in order to check the consistency of the results. A Monte Carlo calculation was performed in order to predict the behavior of the observed activity as a function of the 4pibeta detector efficiency and the results were compared to experimental values.

Assuntos