RESUMO
Prebiotics are substrates selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. The effects of prebiotics on the gut microbiome of individuals with inflammatory processes need further investigations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prebiotics on the gastrointestinal microbiome of individuals with some types of inflammatory conditions. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of different prebiotics on the gut microbiome were included. A systematic review of the literature including searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed until 23 March 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's criteria. Qualitative data was tabulated to facilitate comparisons and represented in the form of descriptive statistics and summary tables. Thirty trials, ranging from 12 to 135 patients, were included. The most commonly used prebiotic type was inulin-type fructans, and the treatment duration ranged from 1 to 36 weeks. The majority of the trials investigated the gut microbiome using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina Miseq platform. In general, prebiotic therapy exerted positive effects on inflammatory conditions. An increase in Bifidobacterium genus was the most common shift in bacterial composition observed. Within the limits of this systematic review, it can be suggested that prebiotic therapy presents the potential to favorably modulate the gastrointestinal microbiome of individuals with different types of inflammatory conditions.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Prebióticos , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Inulina , FrutanosRESUMO
A randomized controlled trial was performed to evaluate and compare the changes in implant stability quotient (ISQ) of implants of the same brand, design, length, and diameter but with two different surface treatments, placed in the posterior mandible: sandblasted and acid-etched (SAE) and chemically modified SAE (hydrophilic). Twenty implants of the same design, length, and diameter (cylindrical and compressive, 3.75×11mm) but with different surface treatments (control group: 10 SAE; test group: 10 modified SAE) were randomly assigned to placement in the posterior mandibular region in 20 different patients. ISQ values were assessed in a blinded manner for six consecutive weeks. The maximum and minimum ISQ values observed during follow-up were 76.0 and 48.5, respectively, in the test group, and 76.0 and 49.0, respectively, in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference (P=0.19) in ISQ variation for the test group implants (modified SAE). Comparison between the test and control groups revealed a significant difference in the measurements: the ISQ in the test group was higher than that in the control group during the follow-up period (parametric Mann-Whitney test). This study demonstrated that implants with a modified SAE surface installed in the posterior mandible showed higher and faster ISQ stability during the healing period when compared to implants with a SAE surface.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Planejamento de Prótese Dentária , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Mandíbula , Osseointegração , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
The purpose of this overview was to assess the methods, quality, and outcomes of systematic reviews conducted to evaluate the impact of bisphosphonates on dental implants and the risk of developing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental implant surgery. An electronic search without date or language restriction was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and LILACS databases (to January 2018). Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews that evaluated the impact of bisphosphonates on implant outcomes. The quality assessment of the included reviews was done using AMSTAR 2 guidelines. The protocol of this overview was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018089617). The search and selection process yielded seven reviews, published between 2009 and 2017. None of the systematic reviews included in this study obtained the maximum score in the quality assessment. The scientific evidence available demonstrates that patients with a history of bisphosphonate use do not present a higher risk of dental implant failure or marginal bone loss compared to patients who have not used bisphosphonates. The literature also suggests that patients who undergo surgical trauma during the installation of dental implants may be more susceptible to bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Assuntos
Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Implantes Dentários , Difosfonatos , Humanos , Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos/complicações , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/efeitos adversos , Falha de Restauração Dentária , Difosfonatos/efeitos adversos , Revisões Sistemáticas como AssuntoRESUMO
The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the newly formed tissues in post-extraction sockets and to compare ridge dimensional changes with and without the use of a dense polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (d-PTFE). Twenty human extraction sockets (lower molars and premolars) received either an intentionally exposed d-PTFE membrane (test group) or no biomaterial (control group). After 4 months, during preparation for implant placement, bone and gingival tissues were collected for histological and biomolecular analysis. Clinically, the test and control groups showed mean gains of keratinized gingiva of 4.30±1.20mm and 2.50±2.20mm, respectively. A reduction in ridge width was observed in the control (2.90±2.70mm) and test (3.30±2.00mm) groups. The bone height alteration ranged from a reduction of 0.12±1.60mm to a gain of 0.60±3.60mm on average for both groups. Analysis of gene expression (OPG/RANKL) in gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts revealed no difference between the two groups. Ridge preservation using the d-PTFE membrane increased the formation of keratinized tissue. A reduction in width and mild reduction/gain in height of the alveolar ridge was observed in both groups. The membrane had no influence on the healing process.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar/prevenção & controle , Aumento do Rebordo Alveolar/métodos , Membranas Artificiais , Alvéolo Dental/cirurgia , Dente Pré-Molar/cirurgia , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Gengiva/patologia , Gengiva/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dente Molar/cirurgia , Osteoprotegerina/genética , Fenótipo , Politetrafluoretileno , Ligante RANK/genética , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Extração Dentária , Alvéolo Dental/patologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Cicatrização/fisiologiaRESUMO
Invasive multiple cervical root resorptions after vital tooth bleaching is a rare condition. The aim of this article is to present a case of multiple external cervical root resorptions (ECRR) after a misguided home whitening treatment. A 34 year old male patient presented with slight sensitivity and mobility in several teeth. Despite the manufacturer's recommendations, the patient used a 22% carbamide peroxide-based tooth bleaching gel at home for 4 days consecutively, at night, on the upper and lower arches. Clinical examination revealed gingival swelling, probing depths ranging 5-7 mm on the buccal and proximal surfaces, and grade 2 mobility of the teeth affected by ECRR. Radiographs revealed presence of ECRR in several teeth during initial examination, and development of multiple new lesions 6 months later. The teeth were subsequently extracted. Histological analysis showed multiple dentine lacunae and areas of dentine reparation. The careful use of these products can prevent sequelae such as those reported in this clinical case. As the vital bleaching has a variable success rate, patients should be informed through a consent form of the benefits and risks of tooth bleaching treatment.
Assuntos
Peróxidos/efeitos adversos , Reabsorção da Raiz/induzido quimicamente , Clareadores Dentários/efeitos adversos , Clareamento Dental/efeitos adversos , Ureia/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Peróxido de Carbamida , Dente Canino , Sensibilidade da Dentina/tratamento farmacológico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Reabsorção da Raiz/diagnóstico , Ureia/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the survival and success rates of osseointegrated implants determined in longitudinal studies that conducted a follow-up of at least 10 years. A broad electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for relevant publications in indexed journals, evaluating the clinical performance of dental implants. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers analyzed titles, abstracts, and complete articles, prioritizing studies of the randomized clinical trial type. A total of 23 articles were included in this review. Ten prospective studies, nine retrospective studies, and four randomized clinical trials, which evaluated 7711 implants, were selected. The mean follow-up time of the studies included was 13.4 years. All of the studies reported survival rates and mean marginal bone resorption values, with cumulative mean values of 94.6% and 1.3mm, respectively. Fourteen studies related success rates. Taking into consideration the disparate outcome measures employed to assess dental implant performance and within the limitations of this systematic review, we may affirm that osseointegrated implants are safe and present high survival rates and minimal marginal bone resorption in the long term.