RESUMO
The H9c2 myoblast cell line, isolated from the left ventricular tissue of rat, is currently used in vitro as a mimetic for skeletal and cardiac muscle due to its biochemical, morphological, and electrical/hormonal signaling properties. During culture, H9c2 cells acquire a myotube phenotype, where a critical component is the inclusion of retinoic acid (RA). The results from some authors on H9c2 suggested that thousands of genes respond to RA stimuli, while others report hundreds of genes responding to RA over different cell types. In this article, using a more appropriate experimental design, we first confirm the H9c2 cardiac phenotype with and without RA and report transcriptomic and physiological changes regarding calcium handling, bioenergetics, and other biological concepts. Interestingly, of the 2360 genes showing a transcriptional change, 622 genes were statistically associated with the RA response. Of these genes, only 305 were RA-specific, and the rest also showed a culture-time component. Thus, the major expression changes (from 74 to 87%) were indeed due to culture conditions over time. Unexpectedly, only a few components of the retinol pathway in KEGG responded to RA. Our results show the role of RA in the H9c2 cultures impacting the interpretation using H9c2 as an in vitro model.
Assuntos
Miocárdio , Tretinoína , Ratos , Animais , Tretinoína/farmacologia , Tretinoína/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Mioblastos , FenótipoRESUMO
Pregnancy is probably the most important challenge in young women with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The challenge is greater in developing countries, in which access to dialysis is uneven, and prenatal care for CKD patients is not uniformly available. This case report summarizes some of the challenges faced by pregnant CKD women in a developing country. A 35-year-old woman, affected by an undiagnosed kidney disease, experienced preeclampsia at 24 years of age, and started dialysis in emergency at age 31 in the context of severe preeclampsia in her second pregnancy. Following slow recovery of kidney function, after 18 months of dialysis she started a moderately restricted, supplemented, low-protein diet, which allowed her to discontinue dialysis. A few months after dialysis discontinuation, she started a new pregnancy in the presence of severely reduced kidney function (serum creatinine 4.6 mg/dl at the last pre-pregnancy control). Interestingly, she discontinued nephrology and nutritional follow-up, mainly because she was worried that she would be discouraged from continuing the pregnancy, but also because she continued to feel well. She self-managed her diet in pregnancy and delivered a healthy baby, with normal intrauterine growth, at term; while the last laboratory data confirmed the presence of severe kidney function impairment, she is still dialysis-free at the time of the present report. Her story, with its happy ending, underlines the importance of dedicated programs for CKD pregnancies in developing countries and confirms the safety of moderately protein-restricted diets in pregnancy.
Assuntos
Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Complicações na Gravidez/terapia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Diálise RenalRESUMO
A propósito de un caso de insulinoma operado y curado se hace una revisión de la literatura. Se destaca la dificultad para hacer la confirmación diagnóstica que obliga a descartar otras causas de hipoglicemia y de neoplasias multiendócrinas y la del diagnóstico topográfico. Ello se debe al pequeño tamaño de estos tumores y a la muy variable sensibilidad de los numerosos procedimientos que se han utilizado. La palpación junto a la ultrasonografía intraoperatorias son los que se presentan como más costo-efectivos. Sigue siendo la cirugía el único tratamiento curativo y de elección: la enucleación, si es posible. La mortalidad operatoria es baja entre 0 y 7,7 por ciento pero la morbilidad alta, dominada por las fístulas pancreáticas que pueden llegar a verse hasta casi el 49 por ciento de los casos. (AU)
Assuntos
INFORME DE CASO , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Insulinoma/diagnóstico , Insulinoma/cirurgia , /cirurgia , /diagnóstico , Hipoglicemia/etiologia , Insulinoma/complicaçõesRESUMO
A propósito de un caso de insulinoma operado y curado se hace una revisión de la literatura. Se destaca la dificultad para hacer la confirmación diagnóstica que obliga a descartar otras causas de hipoglicemia y de neoplasias multiendócrinas y la del diagnóstico topográfico. Ello se debe al pequeño tamaño de estos tumores y a la muy variable sensibilidad de los numerosos procedimientos que se han utilizado. La palpación junto a la ultrasonografía intraoperatorias son los que se presentan como más costo-efectivos. Sigue siendo la cirugía el único tratamiento curativo y de elección: la enucleación, si es posible. La mortalidad operatoria es baja entre 0 y 7,7 por ciento pero la morbilidad alta, dominada por las fístulas pancreáticas que pueden llegar a verse hasta casi el 49 por ciento de los casos.