RESUMO
Bioprospecting identifies new sources of compounds with actual or potential economic value that come from biodiversity. An analysis was performed regarding bioprospecting purposes in ten genotypes of Sechium spp., through a meta-analysis of 20 information sources considering different variables: five morphological, 19 biochemical, anti-proliferative activity of extracts on five malignant cell lines, and 188 polymorphic bands of amplified fragment length polymorphisms, were used in order to identify the most relevant variables for the design of genetic interbreeding. Significant relationships between morphological and biochemical characters and anti-proliferative activity in cell lines were obtained, with five principal components for principal component analysis (SAS/ETS); variables were identified with a statistical significance (< 0.7 and Pearson values ≥ 0.7), with 80.81% of the accumulation of genetic variation and 110 genetic bands. Thirty-nine (39) variables were recovered using NTSYSpc software where 30 showed a Pearson correlation (> 0.5) and nine variables (< 0.05), Finally, using a cladistics analysis approach highlighted 65 genetic bands, in addition to color of the fruit, presence of thorns, bitter flavor, piriform and oblong shape, and also content of chlorophylls a and b, presence of cucurbitacins, and the IC50 effect of chayote extracts on the four cell lines.
Assuntos
Bioprospecção , Cucurbitaceae , Cucurbitacinas/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Cucurbitaceae/química , Cucurbitaceae/classificação , Cucurbitaceae/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Camundongos , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
Natural products are in great demand because certain secondary metabolites (SMs) are sources of antioxidants, flavorings, active substances, or anticancer agents with less aggressiveness and selectivity, among which triterpenes and flavonoids are of importance because they inhibit carcinogenesis. For Sechium spp. P. Br. (chayotes), there is scientific evidence of antiproliferative activity that has occurred when cancer cell lines have been treated with this fruit. In order to compare future therapeutic designs and identify new and ancestral characteristics, triterpenes and flavonoids were determined in contrasting Sechium genotypes. The obtained data were analyzed via a cladistics approach, with the aim of identifying the characteristics and state of phytochemicals and genetic variables. The concentrations of flavonoids and triterpenes were determined, and a more complex composition of secondary metabolites was found in the wild types as compared to their domesticated genotypes. Bitter fruits contained a higher number of SMs, followed by those with a neutral and sweet flavor. A cladogram showed the differentiation of the three groups based on the flavor of the fruits. The diversity of SMs decreases in evolutionary terms, in response to domestication and environmental adaptation. Therefore, genotypes can be feasibly selected based on fruit flavor for gross-breeding, and cytotoxicity can be reduced without losing possible therapeutic effects.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hallux valgus is a frequent cause of pain, mainly in female population, characterized by deformity of the foot and important functional consequences. Open surgical techniques require relatively extensive incisions. Recently we see a tendency to use less invasive techniques with shorter hospitalization periods and better recovery. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate postsurgical clinical results in hallux valgus with minimally invasive surgery techniques according to the AOFAS scale. DESIGN: Longitudinal, prospective, descriptive and homodemic study. LOCATION: Hospital of Orthopedics and Traumatology, UMAE Puebla of the Mexican Institute of Social Security. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with diagnosis of Hallux valgus treated between September 2004 and March 2008 were included. According to the AOFAS scale, we collected data from before the surgery, at one month and at 6 months postoperatively. We used univariate analysis of frequencies, measures of central tendency for demographic variables and the Wilcoxon test to evaluate pre and postoperative results with support from the SPSS version 12 program. RESULTS: The global evaluation of minimally invasive surgical technique according to AOFAS showed an average in the preoperative period of 60.37 (95% CI, between 53.87-66.38), at one month of 89 (95% CI, between 85.18-90.81) and at 6 months of 96.62 (95% CI, between 94.63-98.70). Mean age was 42 years (20-65), 22 women (75.86%) and 7 men (24.13%). We observed differences in the preoperative period, at one month and at 6 months with a p < 0.05 in global evaluation of AOFAS measurement scale for pain and function. DISCUSSION: Our results show that minimally invasive surgical technique is a good option for treatment of this pathology; they reveal the need to continue the study and to compare it with open surgical technique. Minimally invasive surgical technique, if properly done, reports good results and is an adequate therapeutic alternative for treatment of symptomatic hallux valgus.