RESUMO

The search of sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to obtain compounds for different industrial sectors has grown exponentially. Following the principles of biorefinery and circular bioeconomy, processes in which the use of natural resources such as macroalgae biomass is prioritized are required. This review focuses on a description of the relevance, application and engineering platforms of hydrothermal systems and the operational conditions depending on the target as an innovative technology and bio-based solution for macroalgae fractionation in order to recover profitable products for industries and investors. In this sense, hydrothermal treatments represent a promising alternative for obtaining different high value-added compounds from this biomass; since, the different variations in terms of operating conditions, gives great versatility to this technology compared to other types of processing, allowing it to be adapted depending on the objective, whether it is working under sub/super critical conditions, thus expanding its field of application.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Pumpkin pulp is the main waste generated by pumpkin seed growers. This agro-industrial waste is a valuable source of bioactive compounds, especially carotenoids (ß-carotene, α-carotene, and lutein), which exhibit a broad spectrum of health-promoting effects. In this study, vegetable oils (canola, corn, and soybean oil) were used as green solvent alternatives to conventional organic solvents for carotenoid extraction from dried pumpkin pulp (DPP) waste. The highest carotenoid extraction yield (CEY) was obtained with canola oil, at a 1:10 DPP/oil ratio. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process parameters (temperature, time, and stirring rate) through a Box-Behnken design (BBD) maximizing CEY in canola oil. The extraction temperature and stirring rate were found to have a significant linear and quadratic effect, respectively, on CEY. Optimum conditions were achieved at 21.8 min, 250 rpm, and 60°C. Under these optimized conditions, the estimated value for CEY was 378.1 µg ß-carotene equivalents/g of DPP, corresponding to 61.6% of the total carotenoid content present in the DPP. In contrast, the observed experimental value was 373.2 µg ß-carotene equivalents/g of DPP (61.2%). The experimental value was very close to the estimated value, which verifies the model's adequacy and fit. This study shows an alternative method to extract carotenoids from DPP with canola oil, obtaining an oil naturally enriched with carotenoids that could be used as a potential functional ingredient in the development of food, cosmetics, and medicinal products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pumpkin by-products are a potential carotenoid source. Vegetable oil can be used as an alternative solvent for carotenoid extraction from pumpkin residues to obtain an enriched carotenoid oil that can be used to formulate food products.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A rheological study was carried out to evaluate formulations of test dispersions and gels of high methoxyl pectins (HTHMP) obtained at different conditions from husk tomato waste (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.). The effect of extraction agent (hydrochloric acid or citric acid), blanching time (10 or 15min) and extraction time (15, 20 or 25min) on the rheology of the tested samples was evaluated. Flow behavior and activation energy were evaluated on the test dispersions, while (Ea) frequency sweeps, temperature sweep, creep-recovery test and penetration test were performed on the gels. HTHMP dispersions showed shear thinning flow behavior, while showing a good fit to Cross model. Extraction agent, blanching time and extraction time did not have effect on Cross parameters (ηz, η∞, C, and m). Ea decreased as blanching time and extraction time increased. Frequency sweeps revealed high dependence on frequency for both G' and G", while temperature sweeps (25- 95°C) showed thermostable husk tomato pectin gels. Hydrocloric acid (HCl) extracted pectin gels showed stronger structure than citric acid (CA) gels.