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OBJECTIVE: To measure dietary and urinary changes in sodium (Na) intake and excretion through the implementation of family gardens with aromatic herbs and workshops for cooking, using the herbs as a substitute for salt and seasoning powder. METHODS: Thirty-five participants from a neighborhood of Mexico City were included. A general questionnaire was administered to collect information on sociodemographic factors. At baseline and 3 months later, a dietary evaluation was conducted, and 24-hour urine samples were collected. Food items reported were classified according to the NOVA classification. Visits to participants´ houses were conducted to measure the amount of salt and seasoning powder added to food during the preparation of meals as well as a home food inventory. All participants were given a family garden with 6 aromatic herbs and a recipe book. The intervention included 7 cooking and 3 garden care workshops. Qualitative information on the experience was also collected. Linear regression models were run in order to estimate the contribution of each NOVA group, salt, and seasoning powder to total dietary Na intake. RESULTS: Participants were 44 years old on average and were mainly women (91.4%). The participation compliance in the workshops was 69.5%. After 3 months, there was a Na intake mean reduction of 976 mg. There was also a reduction in the excreted urinary Na of 325 mg per day. CONCLUSION: A positive level of involvement in this program had a direct influence on dietary habits to lower Na consumption.
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To evaluate the risks of hair dye exposure, we investigated cellular and molecular effects of Arianor Ebony dye, which is a mixture of azo and anthraquinone dyes, used in the composition of the black color. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and gene expression of relevant molecules of apoptotic and oxidative stress mechanisms were investigated in HepG2 cells exposed to Arianor Ebony. Results showed that the dye did not induce cytotoxicity to exposed cells at a concentration up to 50 µg/mL compared to the negative control. However, genotoxic assays indicated that the dye was able to damage the genetic material at a concentration of 25 µg/mL, with induction factor values of exposed cells two- to five-fold higher than those recorded for the negative control. Moreover, the lowest observed effect concentration was 12.5 µg/mL. For gene expression, relevant changes were observed in cytochrome c and caspase 9, which decreased in cells incubated with the dye in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the negative control. In parallel, the expression of genes for antioxidant enzymes was increased in exposed cells, suggesting the presence of metabolic routes that protect cells against the toxic effect of the dye, avoiding exacerbated cellular death. Results suggested that the dye disrupted cellular homeostasis through mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be hazardous to human health. Thus, further investigations are necessary to deeply understand the mechanisms of action of the dye, considering its toxic potential found in our ex vivo assays.
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Tinturas para Cabelo , Humanos , Tinturas para Cabelo/toxicidade , Células Hep G2RESUMO
To evaluate the risks of hair dye exposure, we investigated cellular and molecular effects of Arianor Ebony dye, which is a mixture of azo and anthraquinone dyes, used in the composition of the black color. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and gene expression of relevant molecules of apoptotic and oxidative stress mechanisms were investigated in HepG2 cells exposed to Arianor Ebony. Results showed that the dye did not induce cytotoxicity to exposed cells at a concentration up to 50 µg/mL compared to the negative control. However, genotoxic assays indicated that the dye was able to damage the genetic material at a concentration of 25 µg/mL, with induction factor values of exposed cells two- to five-fold higher than those recorded for the negative control. Moreover, the lowest observed effect concentration was 12.5 µg/mL. For gene expression, relevant changes were observed in cytochrome c and caspase 9, which decreased in cells incubated with the dye in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the negative control. In parallel, the expression of genes for antioxidant enzymes was increased in exposed cells, suggesting the presence of metabolic routes that protect cells against the toxic effect of the dye, avoiding exacerbated cellular death. Results suggested that the dye disrupted cellular homeostasis through mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be hazardous to human health. Thus, further investigations are necessary to deeply understand the mechanisms of action of the dye, considering its toxic potential found in our ex vivo assays.
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Edible insects have become a promising food source because they are rich in protein, fatty acids, minerals, among others. In recent years, edible insects have been proposed to be used as innovative functional ingredients in terms of biological activity. The present study aimed to determine and compare biological activities of the extracts and hydrolysates obtained from early- and adult-stage edible grasshoppers Sphenarium purpurascens to evaluate their potential as a source of bioactive compounds. Proximal analyses showed that in adult grasshoppers (AGs), the percentage of protein (48.9% ± 1.2), crude fat (13.1% ± 0.09), and chitin (15.6% ± 0.81) was significantly higher than early grasshoppers (EGs) (42.2% ± 0.55, 9.35% ± 0.08, and 10.5% ± 0.15, respectively). Total phenolic compounds, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPHâ¢), and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTSâ¢+) free radical scavenging were analyzed and reported. Enzymatic hydrolysis increased the concentration of total phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant capacity (up to 252.78 mM trolox). Once fractionated by ultrafiltration, the fraction that presented the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH⢠and ABTSâ¢+ was that with molecules ≤ 10 kDa. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility of the samples was analyzed by in vitro protein digestion using a multienzymatic method, and a recovery index (RI) was reported. Extracts and hydrolysates were analyzed by UPLC-MS, and this allowed the identification of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The results obtained in this work suggest that the grasshopper can be used as a possible source of bioactive compounds that can be used in the food or pharmaceutical industry.
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In this article, the use of a square Hartmann screen test to measure the radius of curvature of a corneal topography calibration test sphere is presented. The proposed technique is based on the image formation principle by specular reflection on convex reflective surfaces. Applying an inverse Hartmann test, a de-magnified virtual image (Hartmanngram) is obtained; considering their own scaled reference screen plate, a zonal wavefront retrieval approach is used and the radius of curvature obtained. Experimental setup along the obtained results is presented. A simulated spherical wavefront is used as a method to evaluate the error in the wavefront reconstruction. Since the measurements of radius of curvature fits in to ISO 10343, through suitable modifications the proposed method is potentially applicable in small F/# convex specular surfaces, as is the case in keratometry and corneal topography measurements.
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Córnea , Rádio (Anatomia) , Calibragem , Topografia da Córnea/métodos , Extremidade SuperiorRESUMO
In the present study, the nematicidal activity of a Moringa oleifera ethyl acetate leaf extract against the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Nacobbus aberrans, nematodes of agricultural importance, was evaluated. The experimental design for the evaluation of the effects against both nematodes consisted of eight treatments (n = 4). Distilled water, Tween (4%) and a commercial anthelmintic agent (ivermectin, 5 mg/mL) were used as controls, and for treatments 4-8, the concentrations of the extract were 20, 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. Readings were taken at 12 h and 24 h for N. aberrans and 48 h and 72 h for H. contortus post-treatment under an optical microscope (10× and 40×). The data obtained were analysed by analysis of variance through a completely randomized factorial design using the SAS V9 program. The results show that, for H. contortus egg hatching, 85.88% inhibition was obtained at a concentration of 20 mg/mL at 48 h, while for third-stage larva (L3) mortality, the highest percentage was 68.19% at 1.25 mg/mL at 72 h. In the case of N. aberrans, the greatest inhibition of egg hatching was 90.69% at 5 mg/mL at 12 h post-treatment, and for larval mortality, it was 100% at 10 mg/mL at 24 h post-treatment. The main major compounds identified by qualitative analysis and by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-, n-hexadecanoic acid and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and the minor compounds included phytol, γ-sitosterol and α-tocopheryl acetate. It was demonstrated that the ethyl acetate leaf extract of M. oleifera Lam. shows great potential for combating agricultural nematodes.
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Anti-Helmínticos , Haemonchus , Moringa oleifera , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Antinematódeos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Larva , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe syndrome, potentially lethal, with a pathological activation of the immune system and an extreme hyperinflammatory response. The etiology is classified in primary HLH (familiar or genetic) and secondary (infectious, oncological, and rheumatological diseases). AIM: To analyze clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment, and follow-up rates in pediatric patients with HLH. METHODS: A pediatric cohort of patients with HLH diagnosis attending in a tertiary hospital between January 2000 to February 2019 was analysed. RESULTS: 23 hospitalized patients were recruited with a median of 36 months of age. The most frequent clinical and laboratory findings were fever, cytopenias, and hyperferritinemia. The most frequent aetiologies were infectious (Epstein Barr virus and citomegalovirus) and rheumatological diseases. The global mortality was 35%, there was no significant difference between etiologies. DISCUSSION: Considering the high mortality of HLH it is very important to have a high grade of suspicion that allows treating at an early stage. It would be important to determine clinical and laboratory predictors in multicentric studies.
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Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica , Criança , Seguimentos , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Humanos , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/diagnóstico , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/etiologia , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
We report on a Mexican mestizo with a multisystemic syndrome including neurological involvement and a type I serum transferrin isoelectric focusing (Tf IEF) pattern. Diagnosis of PMM2-CDG was obtained by clinical exome sequencing (CES) that revealed compound heterozygous variants in PMM2, the encoding gene for the phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2). This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of mannose-6-P to mannose-1-P required for the synthesis of GDP-Man and Dol-P-Man, donor substrates for glycosylation reactions. The identified variants were c.422G>A (R141H) and c.178G>T, the former being the most frequent PMM2 pathogenic mutation and the latter a previously uncharacterized variant restricted to the Latino population with conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity and that we here report causes leaky non-functional alternative splicing (p.V60Cfs*3).
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Objetivo. Determinar el efecto del gel del extracto liofilizado de Croton lechleri sobre el tejido pulpar radicular en pulpotomías realizadas en Oryctolagus cuniculus. Métodos. Se utilizaron 32 conejos machos de raza neozelandesa de dos meses de edad que se asig- naron aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos de ocho animales: control, formocresol, Croton lechleri 1% y Croton lechleri 2,5%. En cada animal se trabajaron cuatro pulpotomías. Se analizaron variables clínicas (presencia de abscesos, movilidad dentaria e infecciones) e histopatológicas (formación de fibras, cantidad de células proinflamatorias y cantidad de células regenerativas) al cabo de un día, 7, 15, y 30 días. Resultados. En la evaluación clínica, en todos los tiempos evaluados, no se evidenció la existencia de abscesos submucosos, fistula o movilidad dentaria en ninguno de los grupos de tratamiento. En la evaluación histopatológica a 1 día, la presencia de capilares fue abundante en todas las muestras del grupo control y en la mitad de las muestras del grupo formocresol, mientras fue moderada en todas las muestras de los grupos Croton lechleri 1% y 2,5%. A los 7, 15 y 30 días, la presencia de capilares fue mayor en el grupo formocresol. En todos los tiempos evaluados en el grupo Croton lechleri 2,5%, evidenció menor número de células inflamatorias (macrófagos y linfocitos), mayor cantidad de células de reparación (fibroblastos, odontoblastos) y fibras colágenas normales. Conclusiones. El gel del extracto liofilizado de Croton lechleri 2,5% evidenció mayor efecto antiinflamatorio, cicatrizante y regenerador sobre el tejido pulpar en comparación a los otros tratamientos.
Objective. To determine the effect of the Croton lechleri lyophilized extract gel on root pulp tissue of pulpotomies performed on Oryctolagus cuniculus. Methods. Thirty-two two-month-old male New Zealand rabbits race, were randomly assigned into four experimental groups: a) control, b) formocresol, c) 1% Croton lechleri and d) 2.5% Croton lechleri. Four pulpotomies were done on each animal. Clinical variables (abscesses, tooth mobility and infections) and histopathological variables (fiber formation, pro-inflammatory cell and regenerative cell number) were analyzed after 1,7,15, and 30 days. Results. No clinical signs were evident in all experimental groups evaluation at any time period. In the first day histopathological evaluation, there were abundant presence of capillaries in all control group samples and half of formocresol ones, while 1% Croton lechleri and 2.5% Croton lechleri groups, had a moderate number in all samples. In the 7,15 and 30 evaluation days, the number of capillaries was higher in formocresol group than the others. The 2.5% Croton lechleri group, showed a lower number of inflammatory cells (macrophages and lymphocytes), a higher number of repair cells (fibroblasts, odontoblasts) and normal collagen fibers than the others, over all evaluated times. Conclusions. The 2.5% Croton lechleri lyophilized extract gel showed a greater anti-inflammatory, healing and regenerating effect on the pulp tissue compared to the other experimental groups.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica (HLH en inglés) es un síndrome clínico grave, potencialmente fatal, caracterizado por una activación patológica del sistema inmune y una respuesta hiperinflamatoria extrema. Según su etiología se clasifica en primario (genético o familiar) y secundario (gatillado por causas infecciosas, oncológicas o reumatológicas). OBJETIVOS: Describir y analizar las características clínicas y laboratorio, tratamiento recibido y seguimiento en pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de HLH. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se describió una cohorte pediátrica en pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de HLH en un centro terciario universitario entre enero de 2000 y febrero de 2019. RESULTADOS: Se reclutaron 23 pacientes pediátricos con una mediana de edad de 36 meses. Los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio más frecuentes fueron fiebre, citopenias e hiperferritinemia. La etiología más frecuente fue infecciosa (virus Epstein Barr/citomegalovirus) e inmunológica/reumatológica. La mortalidad global fue de 35%, sin diferencias significativas según etiología. DISCUSIÓN: Dada su alta mortalidad es relevante un alto índice de sospecha que permita instaurar terapia de forma precoz. Son necesarios estudios multicéntricos para determinar predictores clínicos y de laboratorio con valor pronóstico.
BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe syndrome, potentially lethal, with a pathological activation of the immune system and an extreme hyperinflammatory response. The etiology is classified in primary HLH (familiar or genetic) and secondary (infectious, oncological, and rheumatological diseases). AIM: To analyze clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment, and follow-up rates in pediatric patients with HLH. METHODS: A pediatric cohort of patients with HLH diagnosis attending in a tertiary hospital between January 2000 to February 2019 was analysed. RESULTS: 23 hospitalized patients were recruited with a median of 36 months of age. The most frequent clinical and laboratory findings were fever, cytopenias, and hyperferritinemia. The most frequent aetiologies were infectious (Epstein Barr virus and citomegalovirus) and rheumatological diseases. The global mortality was 35%, there was no significant difference between etiologies. DISCUSSION: Considering the high mortality of HLH it is very important to have a high grade of suspicion that allows treating at an early stage. It would be important to determine clinical and laboratory predictors in multicentric studies.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/diagnóstico , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/etiologia , Seguimentos , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
Magnetic nanocomposites based on maghemite nanoparticles supported (ex situ route) on styrene- divinilbenzene (Sty-DVB) copolymer templates were produced and characterized for their structure and morphology. The as-produced nanocomposites were further chemically-treated with different oxidant agents and surface-coated with stearic acid. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy data show that the incorporated nanoparticles are preserved despite the aggressive chemical treatments employed. From the dynamical susceptibility measurements performed on the nanocomposites, the values of the saturation magnetization (76 emu/g) and the effective magnetic anisotropy (1.7 × 104 J/m³) were obtained, in excellent agreement with the values reported in the literature for maghemite. This finding strongly supports the preservation of the magnetic properties of the supported nanosized maghemite throughout the entire samples' processing.
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This work focuses on the treatment of gaseous perchloroethylene (PCE) using electro-scrubbing with diamond electrodes and cobalt mediators. PCE was obtained by direct desorption from an aqueous solution containing 150 mg L-1, trying to a real pollution case. The electro-scrubber consisted of a packed absorption column connected with an undivided electrochemical cell. Diamond anodes supported on two different substrates (tantalum and silicon) were used and the results indicated that Ta/BDD was more successful in the production of Co (III) species and in the degradation of PCE. Three experimental systems were studied for comparison purposes: absorbent free of Co (III) precursors, absorbent containing Co (III) precursors, and absorbent containing Co (III) precursors undergoing previous electrolysis to the electro-scrubbing to facilitate the accumulation of oxidants. The most successful option was the last, confirming the important role of mediated electrochemical processes in the degradation of PCE. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were found as the primary reaction products and ethyl chloroacetate esters were also identified. A comprehensive mechanism of the processes happening inside electro-scrubber is proposed.
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Tetracloroetileno , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Cobalto , Diamante , Eletrodos , Eletrólise , Gases , OxirreduçãoRESUMO
AIMS: This study investigated the diversity of Colletotrichum isolates recovered from Conyza bonariensis leaves through the use of morphological characteristics, growth rate, carbon sources utilization and phylogenetic analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: In all, 30 Colletotrichum isolates recovered from C. bonariensis leaves showing symptoms of disease were included in the present study. Based on the analysis of morphology and sequences, the isolates were distributed into six Colletotrichum species complexes. The concatenated alignment of GAPDH and ITS sequences showed that 20 out of 30 isolates were included in four species complexes which comprise the most important pathogens causing anthracnose in soybean or anthracnose and stalk rot in maize: C. truncatum, C. orchidearum, C. gloeosporioides and C. graminicola. The remaining 10 isolates were included in the C. boninense and C. destructivum species complexes or could not be assigned to any complex with the available information. CONCLUSION: Weeds belonging to genus Conyza are host to soybean and maize potential pathogenic species of Colletotrichum and could have a role as inoculum reservoir for cross contamination in the agroecosystem. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The combined use of morphological, kinetics and physiological parameters of growth and phylogenetic analysis in Colletotrichum isolates from Conyza leaves allowed the detection of species complexes previously not identified in Argentina.
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Colletotrichum/classificação , Colletotrichum/fisiologia , Conyza/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Argentina , Carbono/metabolismo , Colletotrichum/isolamento & purificação , DNA Fúngico , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenases/genética , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Glycine max/microbiologia , Zea mays/microbiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: En comparación con pandemias anteriores por otros virus, el SARS-CoV-2 ha afectado a la población obstétrica en menor número, por lo que registrar la historia clínica en pacientes con COVID 19 de nuestra población se hacía imperativo. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal no analítico en la maternidad del Hospital El Pino. Se realizaron test PCR para SARS-CoV-2 entre abril y junio del 2020 a todas las usuarias con: (1) síntomas sugerentes de COVID 19, (2) antecedente de contacto estrecho o (3) que requiera hospitalización independientemente del motivo. En ellas se analizaron variables demográficas, evolución clínica y se estimaron "outcomes" obstétricos. RESULTADOS: Se tomaron 409 PCR y de éstas 365 en población obstétrica alcanzando en ella una incidencia acumulada de positividad de 19.7%. El 55.6% (40 pacientes) asintomáticas, 4.2% (9 pacientes) contacto estrecho y 40.3% (29 pacientes) sintomáticas. De estas pacientes la mayoría resulto ser de nacionalidad chilena (79.2%) con una prevalencia de HTA y DM tipo 1 o 2 entre el 8-10%. La media de la edad gestacional en la cual se realizó el diagnóstico fue en el 3er trimestre y la del momento del parto fue de 37.1 semanas (+/-3.9). Los síntomas más comunes presentados fueron tos, cefalea y mialgias; sin embargo, 7 requirieron ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos. En el seguimiento de usuarias asintomáticas 6,9% y 2,8% presentaron síntomas al día 7 y 14 respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: La pandemia SARS-CoV-2 ha afectado la población obstetrica de igual manera, presentandose en su mayoría de forma asintomática, destacando la importancia del screening universal a la hora de hospitalizar nuestras usuarias y evitar transmisión intrahospitalaria.
INTRODUCTION: Compared to previous pandemics caused by other viruses, SARS-CoV-2 has affected the obstetric population in a smaller number, thus recording the medical history in patients with COVID 19 in our population became imperative. METHODOLOGY: A non-analytical, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the maternity section of Hospital El Pino. PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed between April and June 2020 to all patients with: (1) symptoms suggestive of COVID 19, (2) a history of close contact or (3) requiring hospitalization regardless of motive. In them, demographic variables, clinical evolution were analysed and obstetric outcomes were estimated. RESULTS: 409 PCR were taken, raising a cumulative incidence of positivity of 19.7%. 55.6% (40 patients) were asymptomatic, 4.2% (9 patients) were close contact and 40.3% (29 patients) symptomatic. Within these patients, the majority turned out to be Chilean (79.2%) with a prevalence of HT and DM type 1 or 2 between 8-10%. The average of the gestational age at which the diagnosis was made was in the 3rd trimester and that of the moment of delivery was 37.1 weeks (+/- 3.9). The most common symptoms presented were cough, headache and myalgia, however, 7 patients required admission to the intensive care unit. In the monitoring stage of asyntomatic patients, 6.9% and 2.8% had symptoms on day 7 and 14 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected the obstetric population with no difference, with the majority presenting asymptomatic, fact which highlights the importance of universal screening when hospitalizing our users and avoiding intra-hospital transmission.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Sinais e Sintomas , Resultado da Gravidez , Chile , Programas de Rastreamento , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estudos Transversais , Seguimentos , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Pandemias , Betacoronavirus , Hospitais , Maternidades/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: En Chile, los efectos maternos y perinatales de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 son aún desconocidos. GESTACOVID es un estudio multicéntrico que incluye embarazadas y puérperas hasta el día 42 con COVID-19. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar un informe preliminar, describiendo el impacto de la enfermedad en las embarazadas, factores de riesgo asociados y resultados perinatales. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte descriptivo que incluye 661 pacientes enroladas entre el 7 de marzo y el 6 de julio de 2020, en 23 centros hospitalarios del país. Se analizaron variables demográficas, comorbilidades, características clínicas y del diagnóstico de COVID-19 y resultado materno y perinatal. RESULTADOS: Las pacientes hospitalizadas por COVID-19 tuvieron mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial crónica [10% vs 3%; OR=3,1 (1,5-6,79); p=0,003] y de diabetes tipo 1 y 2 [7% vs 2%; OR=3,2 (1,3-7,7); p=0,009] que las pacientes manejadas ambulatoriamente. Un IMC >40 kg/mt2 se asoció con un riesgo dos veces mayor de requerir manejo hospitalizado [OR=2,4 (1,2 - 4,6); p=0,009]. Aproximadamente la mitad de las pacientes (54%) tuvo un parto por cesárea, y un 8% de las interrupciones del embarazo fueron por COVID-19. Hasta la fecha de esta publicación, 38% de las pacientes continuaban embarazadas. Hubo 21 PCR positivas en 316 neonatos (6,6%), la mayoría (17/21) en pacientes diagnosticadas por cribado universal. CONCLUSIONES: Las embarazadas con COVID-19 y comorbilidades como diabetes, hipertensión crónica y obesidad mórbida deben ser manejadas atentamente y deberán ser objeto de mayor investigación. La tasa de transmisión vertical requiere una mayor evaluación para diferenciar el mecanismo y tipo de infección involucrada.
INTRODUCTION: In Chile, effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women are unknown. GESTACOVID is a multicenter collaborative study including pregnant women and those in the postpartum period (until 42 days) who have had COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to report our preliminary results describing the clinical impact of COVID-19 in pregnant women, the associated risk factors and perinatal results. METHODS: Descriptive cohort study including 661 patients between April 7th and July 6th, 2020, in 23 hospitals. Demographical, comorbidities, clinical and diagnostic characteristics of COVID-19 disease and maternal and perinatal outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Pregnant women with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital were more likely to have chronic hypertension [10% vs 3%; OR=3.1 (1.5-6.79); p=0,003] and diabetes type 1 and 2 [7% vs 2%; OR=3.2 (1.3-7.7); p=0.009] than those with outpatient management. A body mass index of >40 kg/mt2 was associated with two-fold higher risk of hospitalization [OR=2.4 (1.2-4.6); p=0.009]. Almost half of patients (54%) were delivered by cesarean section, and 8% of the medically indicated deliveries were due to COVID-19. So far, 38% of the patients are still pregnant. Among 316 newborns, there were 21 positive PCR tests (6.6%), mostly from asymptomatic mothers undergoing universal screening. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women with COVID-19 and comorbidities such as diabetes, chronic hypertension and morbid obesity need a close follow up and should be a matter for further research. Vertical transmission of COVID-19 should be thoroughly studied to define the mechanisms and type of infection involved.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Sinais e Sintomas , Resultado da Gravidez , Comorbidade , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Chile/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Coortes , Aborto Induzido/estatística & dados numéricos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidados Críticos , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Betacoronavirus , Hospitalização , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Los cuerpos extraños alojados en la vía aéreodigestiva superior son un motivo de consulta frecuente para el otorrinolaringólogo. Uno de los más frecuentes son las espinas de pescado. En raras ocasiones, éstas migran hacia tejidos adyacentes y generan complicaciones importantes. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que tras la ingesta de pescado manifiesta sensación de cuerpo extraño faríngeo, odinofagia y dolor látero cervical derecho. Dada la ausencia de hallazgos a la exploración física y laringoscópica se realiza una tomografia computarizada cervical, visualizando un cuerpo extraño alojado en la glándula tiroidea. Se interviene mediante cervicotomía media, realizando la extracción de la espina sin complicaciones. El diagnóstico precoz y manejo adecuado es determinante para prevenir complicaciones en estos casos.
Foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract are commonly confronted in otolaryngology practice. The most frequent are the fish bones. In rare cases they can move and cause numerous complications. We report the case of a patient that manifest the sensation of pharyngeal foreign body, after fish ingestion. She also referred odynophagia and right cervical pain. Physical and laryngoscopic examination were normal. A cervical CT was performed, where a foreign body lodged in the thyroid gland was visualized, median cervicotomy was done and the foreign body was extracted. Early diagnosis and adequate management are crucial to prevent complications in these cases.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Glândula Tireoide/lesões , Corpos Estranhos/cirurgia , Corpos Estranhos/diagnóstico por imagem , Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Osso e Ossos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Migração de Corpo Estranho/cirurgia , Migração de Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico por imagem , Alimentos MarinhosRESUMO
Four different technologies have been compared (photolysis, ZVIâ¯+â¯photolysis, electrolysis and ZVIâ¯+â¯electrolysis) regarding the: (1) degradation of clopyralid, (2) extent of its mineralization, (3) formation of by-products and main reaction pathways. Results show that photolysis is the less efficient treatment and it only attains 5 % removal of the pollutant, much less than ZVI, which reaches 45 % removal and that electrolysis, which attains complete removal and 78 % mineralization within 4â¯h. When ZVI is used as pre-treatment of electrolysis, it was obtained the most efficient technology. The identification of transformation products was carried out for each treatment by LCMS. In total, ten products were identified. Tentative pathways for preferential clopyralid degradation for all processes were proposed. This work draws attention of the synergisms caused by the coupling of techniques involving the treatment of chlorinated compound and sheds light on how the preferential mechanisms of each treatment evaluated occurred.
RESUMO
In this work, nine types of combination advanced oxidation processes/zero-valent iron (AOP-ZVI) were tested, in order to determine if any of these combinations demonstrate good chances as pretreatment for the biological degradation processes of organochlorinated pollutants. To do this, the changes undergone in the respirometric behavior, toxicity and short-term biodegradability were compared. The three AOPs studied were anodic oxidation with mixed metal oxides anodes (AO-MMO), with boron doped diamond anodes (AO-BDD) and photolysis and they were evaluated in three different modes: without any addition of ZVI, with ZVI-dehalogenation as pre-treatment and with ZVI-dehalogenation simultaneous to the AOP treatment. Clopyralid has been used as a model of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutant. Results show that technologies proposed can successfully treat wastes polluted with clopyralid and the biological characteristics of the waste are significantly modified by dehalogenating the waste with ZVI, either previously to the treatment or simultaneously to the treatment, being the information provided by the three techniques very important in order to evaluate later combinations of the advanced oxidation technologies with biological treatments.
Assuntos
Eletrólise , Boro , Diamante , Eletrodos , Oxirredução , FotóliseRESUMO
Phosphonates are organic phosphorous (P) compounds frequently detected in the environment due to a very stable CP bond that render them relatively recalcitrant. Glyphosate [N-phosphonomethyl glycine] is the most widely used and best-known synthetic phosphonate, and one of the most concerning herbicides in the world today. Microbial degradation of glyphosate and organophosphonates in general, is the main dissipation mechanism operating in most environments. One microbial metabolic pathway in this process is the CP lyase pathway, entailing an enzymatic complex encoded by about 14 genes (the Phn operon). Our goal was to develop a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for a key enzyme, the CP lyase that breaks down the CP bond, via quantification of the codifying phnJ gene. The primers designed in this study fulfill the requirements for a successful qPCR assay, with high efficiency and sensitivity, as well as specific detection of the target sequence in a wide range of taxonomic groups. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of primers designed to target phnJ in both pure cultures and metagenomic DNA from different environmental sources. Direct quantification of phnJ may be a cost-effective proxy to determine glyphosate degradation potential in different matrixes.