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Introducción: Las mujeres de la región boyacense colombiana cuentan con una importante herencia de campesina e indígena relacionada con creencias y prácticas de cuidados culturales en la maternidad. Objetivo: Interpretar los cuidados culturales en el embarazo, parto y posparto de mujeres de la región boyacense colombiana. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, que contó con la participación de 20 mujeres que vivieron su embarazo, parto y posparto en la región boyacense colombiana, con muestreo por bola de nieve. La recolección de la información se hizo mediante observación, diario de campo y entrevistas; el análisis de la información se hizo por medio de codificación abierta, interpretativa y axial con el software Atlas TI 8.0. Resultados: Las mujeres tenían una edad promedio de 33,9 años (DE: 5,7), 14 (70 por ciento) son empleadas, 11 (55 por ciento) tienen un solo hijo. Se identificaron 88 códigos, 12 subcategorías y 3 categorías: cuidados culturales en el embarazo (plantas medicinales, masajes y aromaterapia), en el parto (duchas calientes, ejercicios y posiciones) y puerperio (plantas medicinales para la cicatrización, evitar el frío, guardar tiempo de dieta y uso de método del ritmo). Conclusiones: Se necesita replantear la atención en salud materna y el cuidado de Enfermería para responder a las necesidades culturales de las mujeres, para preservar las prácticas tradicionales beneficiosas y mediar ante las que sean riesgosas(AU)

Introduction: Women in the Colombian region of Boyacá have an important peasant and indigenous heritage related to beliefs and practices of cultural care in maternity. Objective: To interpret the cultural care in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum of women in the Colombian region of Boyacá. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted, with the participation of 20 women who lived their pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum in the Colombian region of Boyacá. Snowball sampling was applied. The information was collected through observation, field diary and interviews. The information was analyzed by means of open, interpretative and axial coding using the Atlas TI 8.0 software. Results: The women had a mean age of 33.9 years (SD: 5.7), 14 (70 percent) are employees, and 11 (55 percent) have only one child. Eighty-eight codes and 12 subcategories were identified, together with 3 categories: cultural care in pregnancy (medicinal plants, massage and aromatherapy), in childbirth (hot showers, exercise and positions) and puerperium (medicinal plants for healing, avoiding cold temperature, keeping diet time and usage of the rhythm method). Conclusions: Maternal health care and nursing care need to be rethought in view of responding to the cultural needs of women to preserve beneficial traditional practices and mediate against risky ones(AU)

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OBJETIVO: Medir el acceso a través de la intermitencia en el suministro de agua potable en hogares mexicanos. Material y métodos. A través de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022), se recolectó información sobre intermitencia en días por semana y horas por día durante las últimas cuatro semanas y el suministro de agua durante el año para la temporada de mayor escasez. RESULTADOS: 31.5% de los hogares recibieron agua los siete días de la semana, las 24 horas del día. De estos, 17.4% no tuvo escasez en los últimos 12 meses. La intermitencia es más común entre hogares de las regiones en el sur del país y entre los más pobres. El 81% de las familias almacena agua y 16% almacena en contenedores portátiles como cubetas. Conclusión. En este artículo se presentan por primera vez patrones de intermitencia en el suministro de agua a nivel nacional en México. La gran mayoría de las familias no reciben agua de forma continua y tienen que almacenar agua. El almacenamiento podría disminuir la calidad del agua y la falta de confianza para su consumo con consecuencias para la salud. La conexión al sistema potable no refleja el acceso real de las familias al agua.

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LPA1 internalization to endosomes was studied employing Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) in cells coexpressing the mCherry-lysophosphatidic acid LPA1 receptors and distinct eGFP-tagged Rab proteins. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced internalization was rapid and decreased afterward: phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) action was slower and sustained. LPA stimulated LPA1-Rab5 interaction rapidly but transiently, whereas PMA action was rapid but sustained. Expression of a Rab5 dominant-negative mutant blocked LPA1-Rab5 interaction and receptor internalization. LPA-induced LPA1-Rab9 interaction was only observed at 60 min, and LPA1-Rab7 interaction after 5 min with LPA and after 60 min with PMA. LPA triggered immediate but transient rapid recycling (i.e., LPA1-Rab4 interaction), whereas PMA action was slower but sustained. Agonist-induced slow recycling (LPA1-Rab11 interaction) increased at 15 min and remained at this level, whereas PMA action showed early and late peaks. Our results indicate that LPA1 receptor internalization varies with the stimuli.

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Introduction: Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) are responsible for maintaining tumor growth, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Therefore, understanding their characteristics is critical to progress in cancer therapy. While the contribution of the canonical Wnt/b-catenin signaling in both normal and CSCs had been well established, the function of non-canonical Wnt signaling cascades in stem cells is unclear. Recently, we reported that Wnt ligands trigger complex signaling in which the canonical and non-canonical responses can be simultaneously activated by one ligand in colon cancer cells, suggesting, therefore, that noncanonical Wnt pathways may also be important in CSCs. Methods: The present work aimed to know the role of the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway in colon CSCs. We used tumorspheres as a model of CSCs enrichment of CRC cell lines with different Wnt/b-catenin contexts. Results: Using Wnt3a and Wnt5a as prototype ligands to activate the canonical or the non-canonical pathways, respectively, we found that both Wnt3a and Wnt5a promote sphere-formation capacity and proliferation without stimulating b-catenin-dependent transcription. Upregulation of sphere formation by Wnt5a or Wnt3a requires the downstream activation of Phospholipase C and transcriptional factor NFAT. Moreover, the single specific inhibition of PLC or NFAT, using U73122 and 11R-VIVIT, respectively, leads to impaired sphere formation. Discussion: Our results indicate that both types of ligands activate the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling axis to induce/maintain the self-renewal efficiency of CSCs, demonstrating to be essential for the functions of CSC in colon cancer.

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Resumen Introducción: El porcentaje de pacientes gravemente enfermos por COVID-19 que toleran el retiro de la ventilación mecánica es mínimo, por lo cual es fundamental determinar cuáles son los predictores de éxito en el retiro de la ventilación mecánica. Objetivos: Determinar si los índices de oxigenación, tiempo en presión soporte e índice de choque diastólico son predictores de éxito en el retiro de la ventilación mecánica en pacientes críticamente enfermos por COVID-19. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo en pacientes con COVID-19 que ingresaron a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y fueron sometidos a pruebas de ventilación espontánea, siendo posteriormente liberados del ventilador mecánico. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, resultados de laboratorio y parámetros ventilatorios con la finalidad de analizar y determinar predictores de éxito en el retiro de la ventilación mecánica. Resultados: Se observó una diferencia significativa entre los pacientes que toleraron y los que no toleraron el retiro de la ventilación mecánica en las siguientes variables: índice de respiración rápida superficial 47 ± 17.9 vs 90 ± 20.2 (p = 0.08), días de ventilación mecánica 5.8 vs 9.3 (p = 0.03), sesiones de prono 1.36 vs 2.33 (p = 0.058) y presión arterial diastólica 57 ± 3.6 (p = 0.027). Conclusión: En los pacientes críticamente enfermos por COVID-19 que son candidatos a retiro de la ventilación mecánica sugerimos usar como predictores de éxito: el índice de respiraciones rápidas superficiales < 64, días de ventilación mecánica < 8, presión arterial diastólica > 57 mmHg y haber tenido máximo dos sesiones de prono como predictores de éxito en el retiro de la ventilación mecánica.

Abstract Introduction: The percentage of critically ill patients due to COVID-19 who tolerate the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation is minimal. It is essential to determine which are the predictors of success in weaning. Objectives: To determine if the oxygenation indices, time in pressure support, and diastolic shock index are predictors of success in the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients due to COVID-19. Material and methods: Prospective cohort study in patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the ICU and underwent tests of spontaneous ventilation, being later released from the mechanical ventilator. Demographic data, laboratory results, ventilatory parameters were collected in order to analyze and determine predictors of success in weaning. Results: A significant difference was found between those who tolerated and those who did not tolerate the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in the following variables: rapid shallow breathing index 47 ± 17.9 vs 90 ± 20.2 (p = 0.08), days of mechanical ventilation 5.8 vs 9.3 (p = 0.03), prone sessions 1.36 vs 2.33 (p = 0.058), diastolic blood pressure 57 ± 3.6 (p = 0.027). Conclusion: In critically ill patients due to COVID-19 who are candidates for withdrawal from mechanical ventilation, we suggest using as predictors of success: Index of rapid shallow breaths < 64, days of mechanical ventilation < 8, diastolic blood pressure > 57 mmHg and having had a maximum two prone sessions as predictors of success in the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation.

Resumo Introdução: A porcentagem de pacientes graves com COVID-19 que toleram a retirada da ventilação mecânica é mínima, por isso é essencial determinar os preditores de sucesso na retirada da ventilação mecânica. Objetivos: Determinar se os índices de oxigenação, tempo em pressão suporte, índice de choque diastólico são preditores de sucesso no desmame da ventilação mecânica em pacientes críticos com COVID-19. Material e métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo em pacientes com COVID-19 admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva e submetidos a testes de ventilação espontânea e posteriormente liberados do ventilador mecânico. Foram coletados dados demográficos, resultados laboratoriais e parâmetros ventilatórios para analisar e determinar os preditores de sucesso no desmame da ventilação mecânica. Resultados: Observou-se uma diferença significativa entre os pacientes que toleraram e os que não toleraram a retirada da ventilação mecânica nas seguintes variáveis: índice de respiração rápida e superficial 47 ±17.9 vs 90 ± 20.2 (p = 0.08), dias de ventilação mecânica 5.8 vs 9.3 (p = 0.03), sessões de prona 1.36 vs 2.33 (p = 0.058) e pressão arterial diastólica 57 ± 3.6 (p = 0.027). Conclusão: Em pacientes em estado crítico com COVID-19 candidatos à retirada da ventilação mecânica, sugerimos usar como preditores de sucesso: índice de respirações rápidas e superficiais < 64, dias de ventilação mecânica < 8, pressão arterial diastólica > 57 mmHg e ter realizado no máximo 2 sessões em decúbito ventral como preditores de sucesso no desmame da ventilação mecânica.

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Free fatty acid receptor 1 phosphorylation sites were studied using mutants, including a) a mutant with T215V in the third intracellular loop (3IL), b) another with changes in the carboxyl terminus (C-term): T287V, T293V, S298A, and c) a mutant with all of these changes (3IL/C-term). Agonist-induced increases in intracellular calcium were similar between cells expressing wild-type or mutant receptors. In contrast, agonist-induced FFA1 receptor phosphorylation was reduced in mutants compared to wild type. Phorbol ester-induced FFA1 receptor phosphorylation was rapid and robust in cells expressing the wild-type receptor and essentially abolished in the mutants. Agonist-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and receptor internalization were decreased in cells expressing the mutant receptors compared to those expressing the wild-type receptor. Our data suggest that the identified sites might participate in receptor phosphorylation, signaling, and internalization.

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RESUMO Nos esportes coletivos, a análise do desempenho e a condução do processo de ensino-aprendizagem implicam, implícita ou explicitamente, escolhas metodológicas. Neste trabalho, serão apresentadas algumas das principais abordagens teórico-metodológicas que embasam a análise do desempenho e o ensino-aprendizagem nos esportes coletivos e suas implicações práticas. Será discutida a integração desses conteúdos com o intuito de contribuir com o suporte científico para a prática pedagógica do professor/treinador.

ABSTRACT In team sports, the performance analysis and the teaching-learning process imply, implicitly or explicitly, methodological choices. In this work, we will present some of the main theoretical-methodological approaches that support performance analysis and teaching-learning in team sports and their practical implications. We will discuss the integration of these subjects in order to contribute with scientific support to the pedagogical practice of the teacher/coach.

RESUMEN En los deportes de equipo, analizar el rendimiento y conducir el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje implica, implícita o explícitamente, elecciones metodológicas. En este trabajo presentaremos algunos de los principales enfoques teórico-metodológicos que sustentan el análisis del desempeño y la enseñanza-aprendizaje en los deportes de equipo y sus implicaciones prácticas. Discutiremos la integración de estas temáticas con el objetivo de contribuir con el soporte científico de la práctica pedagógica del profesor/entrenador.

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ABSTRACT The production of literature with intervention programs was analyzed, applied to team sports. The databases consulted on the subject, in the last 20 years, were the Web of Science, Scielo and PubMed. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines were used with the keywords: team sports and team sports games, associated with the terms: teaching models, sports teaching, teaching-learning-training, pedagogical intervention, tactical-technical performance and cognitive processes, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. After screening with defined criteria, 39 manuscripts were selected to compose the sample. The descriptive analysis showed that the years 2016 and 2018 presented a higher number of publications (17.95% each year); the English language most used in publications (69.24%); football and basketball have comprised the highest number of studies (25.64% and 17.95%, respectively); the teaching programs spanned between 5 and 54 class sessions; the sample of studies with schoolchildren was the most chosen (64.1%); most teaching programs focused on tactics; and the main variables analyzed were tactical knowledge, tactical-technical performance and specific skills. In the production of literature analyzed, there was a tendency in the last 10 years to apply sports teaching programs with tactical approaches and also change and/or add content to these programs, in order to enhance the development of students/athletes. These changes leave open reflections on possible changes in teacher guidance in the praxis in teaching-learning of team sports.

RESUMO Analisou-se a produção da literatura com programas de intervenção, aplicados aos esportes coletivos. As bases de dados consultadas quanto ao tema, nos últimos 20 anos, foram o Web of Science, Scielo e PubMed. Utilizou-se as diretrizes PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) com as palavras-chave: jogo coletivo e jogos esportivos coletivos, associados aos termos: modelos de ensino, ensino do esporte, ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento, intervenção pedagógica, desempenho tático-técnico e processos cognitivos, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Após triagem com critérios definidos, 39 manuscritos foram selecionados para compor a amostra. A análise descritiva apontou que os anos de 2016 e 2018 apresentou maior quantitativo de publicações (17,95% cada ano); a língua inglesa a mais utilizada nas publicações (69,24%); as modalidades futebol e basquetebol compreenderam o maior número de trabalhos (25,64% e 17,95%, respectivamente); os programas de ensino abrangeram entre 5 e 54 sessões de aula; a amostra dos estudos com escolares foi a mais eleita (64,1%); a maioria dos programas de ensino centrou-se na tática; e as principais variáveis analisadas foram conhecimentos táticos, desempenho tático-técnico e habilidades específicas. Na produção de literatura analisada observou-se uma tendência nos últimos 10 anos à aplicação de programas de ensino dos esportes com abordagens táticas e ainda alterar e/ou agregar conteúdos a esses modelos, com o intuito de potencializar o desenvolvimento de alunos/atletas. Essas mudanças deixam abertas as reflexões sobre possíveis alterações de orientação docente na práxis no ensino-aprendizagem dos esportes coletivos.

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Esta revisão de escopo objetivou verificar as respostas tático-técnica, física e fisiológica de atletas a pequenos jogos (PJ) de basquetebol. Utilizou-se o método Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses ­ Extension for Scoping Reviews. Dois pesquisadores realizaram a busca eletrônica em seis bases de dados, em inglês, português e espanhol. Os critérios de inclusão foram: a) ser artigos científicos publicados em periódicos revisados por pares; b) incluir atletas de basquetebol a partir da categoria sub-12 (minibasquete), competindo em qualquer nível e c) apresentar dados relacionados à resposta física, fisiológica ou tático-técnica dos jogadores. Encontrou-se 34 estudos sobre o efeito agudo dos PJ, que investigaram, principalmente, a influência da alteração do número de jogadores, da área de jogo, da razão estímulo/pausa e das regras. Alguns estudos compararam as respostas de jogadores com diferentes características (e.g., antropométricas) aos PJ. A diminuição do número de jogadores e o aumento da área por jogador parecem aumentar as respostas física e fisiológica e o número de ações tático-técnicas individuais. Maiores durações da série de PJ e menores durações da pausa entre séries parecem aumentar a resposta fisiológica e diminuir a intensidade da resposta física dos jogadores. Diferentes regras influenciam as respostas tático-técnica, física e fisiológica. Os quatro estudos sobre os efeitos crônicos dos PJ reportaram aumentos no desempenho aeróbico, de agilidade e tático-técnico após treinamento com PJ. Os estudos indicam que os PJ elevam o desempenho físico e tático-técnico de atletas de basquetebol e que diferentes características dos PJ levam a respostas tático-técnica, física e fisiológica distintas. (AU)

This scope review aimed to verify the tactical-technical, physical, and physiological responses of basketball players during basketball smallsided games (SSG). We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses ­ Extension for Scoping Reviews. Two independent researchers searched six electronic data bases for scientific papers published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. The inclusion criteria were: a) scientific papers published in peer-reviewed journals; b) participants should be basketball athletes belonging to the under-12 category (minibasketball) or older competing at any level; and c) present data regarding players' tactical-technical, physical, or physiological responses to basketball SSG. We found 34 studies on the SSG acute effect (acute response). These studies mainly investigated the influence of modifying the number of players per team, the playing area, the work-to-rest ratio, and the rules. Some studies compared the responses presented by players with different characteristics (e.g., anthropometrics) to the SSG. Decreases in the number of players and increases in the area per player seem to increase the physical and physiological responses and the number of individual tactical-technical actions. Longer SSG bouts and shorter rest intervals seem to increase the physiological response and decrease the intensity of the physical response. Different rules influence the tactical-technical, physical, and physiological responses. The four studies on the chronic effects of basketball SSG found increases in the aerobic, agility, and tactical-technical performances after SSG training. Studies indicate that SSG training can increase physical and tactical-technical performances of basketball athletes and that different SSG characteristics lead to distinct tactical-technical, physical, and physiological responses. (AU)

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Resumen: La atrofia muscular espinal (AME) es una enfermedad del asta anterior de la médula espinal, genéticamente determinada y causada por síntesis insuficiente de la proteína de supervivencia de la motoneurona. La debilidad muscular lleva a una disminución progresiva de la capacidad vital y de flujos medibles durante la tos. La intensidad y precocidad de la expresión motora se vincula con los grados de afectación de los grupos musculares respiratorios, determinando la meseta en la capacidad vital y progresión a la insuficiencia ventilatoria, como también el compromiso de los músculos inervados bulbares. Las formas clínicas más severas de AME, en especial aquellas con presentaciones más tempranas y respiración paradojal, tienen capacidades vitales y flujos pico tosidos menores. La evaluación secuencial de estos parámetros es esencial para el pronóstico funcional y vital de estos pacientes. La subclasificación de AME tipo 1 y 2 se relaciona con momentos deseables para la realización de cuidados respiratorios no invasivos en la infancia temprana y en la edad escolar, que mejoran la sobrevida y calidad de vida. Este documento sintetiza dichas recomendaciones con especial referencia a intervenciones guiadas por etapas que incluyan apilamiento de aire (air stacking), protocolos de tos asistida y soporte ventilatorio no invasivo con alta intensidad de presiones de soporte, incluso en aquellos pacientes con pérdida de la autonomía respiratoria, minimizando el riesgo de traqueotomía. La no consideración de estas recomendaciones en la valoración regular de los pacientes resta la oferta de tratamientos oportunos.

Summary: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a disease of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, genetically determined, and caused by deficiency of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Muscle weakness leads to a progressive decrease in vital capacity and to diminished cough flows. Respiratory morbidity and mortality are a function of respiratory and bulbar-innervated muscle impairment. It can be measured by the sequential evaluation of vital capacity to determine the life time maximum (plateau) and its subsequent rate of decline, progressing to ventilatory failure. Bulbar-innervated muscle impairment can also be monitored and measured by spirometry. The more severe clinical forms of SMA, especially those with earlier onsets and paradoxical breathing, have lower vital capacities and cough peak flows. The sequential assessment of these parameters is key for the vital and functional prognosis of these patients. SMA sub-classification types 1 and 2 of SMA involve appropriate times for non-invasive respiratory interventions in early childhood and school age and improve afterlife and quality of life. This document summarizes these recommendations, as a function of SMA type, with special reference to interventions that include air stacking, manually and mechanically assisted coughing protocols and noninvasive ventilatory support techniques, even for patients who have no ventilator-free breathing ability to minimize or eliminate the need to resort to tracheotomy. Failure to properly evaluate these patients regularly reduces their survival and chances to avoid invasive airway tubes.

Resumo: A Atrofia Muscular Espinhal (SMA) é uma doença do corno anterior da medula espinhal, geneticamente determinada e causada pela síntese insuficiente da proteína de sobrevivência dos neurônios motores. A fraqueza muscular leva a uma diminuição progressiva da capacidade vital e fluxos mensuráveis durante a tosse. A intensidade e a precocidade da expressão motora estão relacionadas aos graus de envolvimento dos grupos musculares respiratórios, determinando o platô da capacidade vital e a progressão para insuficiência ventilatória, bem como o envolvimento dos músculos inervados do bulbar. As formas clínicas mais graves de SMA, especialmente aquelas com apresentações anteriores e respiração paradoxal, têm capacidades vitais mais baixas e fluxos de tosse mais baixos. A avaliação sequencial desses parâmetros é essencial para o prognóstico funcional e vital desses pacientes. A subclassificação de SMA tipo 1 e 2 está relacionada aos momentos desejáveis para cuidados respiratórios não invasivos na primeira infância e idade escolar, que melhoram a sobrevida e a qualidade de vida. Este documento resume essas recomendações com referência especial às intervenções guiadas por etapas que incluem empilhamento de ar, protocolos de tosse assistida e suporte ventilatório não invasivo com suporte pressórico de alta intensidade, mesmo em pacientes com perda de autonomia respiratória, minimizando o risco de traqueostomia. A não consideração dessas recomendações na avaliação regular dos pacientes reduz a oferta de tratamentos oportunos.

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Measuring basketball players' declarative tactical knowledge is relevant to the teaching and learning process. In this study we aimed to verify the construct validity and construct reliability of the Instrument for Measuring Declarative Tactical Knowledge in Basketball (IMDTK-Bb). We recruited 1,188 male basketball athletes aged 10-19 years old. We used confirmatory factor analysis with weighted least squares mean and variance estimator for construct validation and MacDonald´s omega for internal consistency. We established a final model with 17 scenes referring to the declarative tactical knowledge and type of action players used to solve game situations the scenes represented. The final model presented a good Comparative Fit Index (CFI = 1.000), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI = 1.001) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA = .000). The reliability index was .779. We conclude that the IMDTK-Bb has good construct validity and can be used in further research.

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RESUMO O conhecimento tático e a coordenação motora com bola são conteúdos importantes na iniciação aos jogos esportivos coletivos. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de um programa de ensino-aprendizagem dos jogos esportivos coletivos referenciado na aprendizagem implícita, no conhecimento tático processual (CTP) e na coordenação motora com bola de 24 crianças (10 a 12 anos) de escolas da área rural (ER) e urbana (EU). Mensurou-se as variáveis dependentes em 4 momentos diferentes (M1, M2, M3 e M4) e desenvolveu-se o programa entre M1-M2 e M3-M4. Observou-se um aumento do CTP nas ações de ataque e defesa com as mãos para o grupo EU no M3 (17,46) em comparação com M1 (11,25). Em relação à coordenação motora, os alunos apresentaram maiores escores para a tarefa um em M4 (Mãos: EU: 3,93 e ER: 3,90. Pés: EU: 4,00 e ER: 4,00) em relação ao M1 (Mãos: EU: 1,71 e ER: 1,80. Pés: EU: 2,14 e ER: 1,90), bem como na tarefa quatro em M4 (sentido horário e anti-horário: EU: 4,00 e ER: 4,00) em comparação com M1 (sentido horário: EU: 1,64 e ER: 0,40, sentido anti-horário: EU: 1,36 e ER: 0,70). Conclui-se que o programa foi eficaz no desenvolvimento da coordenação motora.

ABSTRACT The tactical knowledge and motor coordination with the ball are important contents in the early stages of teaching team sports. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of a team sports teaching-learning program based on implicit learning, on the procedural tactical knowledge (PTK) and motor coordination with the ball of 24 children (10 to 12 years old) from rural (RS) and urban (US) schools. We measured the dependent variables at 4 different times (M1, M2, M3, and M4) and developed the program between the M1-M2 and M3-M4. An increased PTK in attacking and defensive actions with the hands in M3 (17.46) compared to M1 (11.25) for the US group was observed. Regarding the motor coordination, the students presented higher scores for task one in M4 (Hands: US: 3.93 ± 0.27 and RS: 3.90. Feet: US: 4.00 and RS: 4.00) compared to M1 (Hands: US: 1.71 and RS: 1.80. Feet: US: 2.14 and RS: 1.90), as well as in task four in M4 (clockwise and counterclockwise: US: 4.00 and RS: 4.00) compared to M1 (clockwise : US: 1.64 and RS: 0.40, counterclockwise: US: 1.36 and RS: 0.70). We conclude that the program was effective in developing motor coordination.

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RESUMO Objetiva-se demonstrar os indícios de validade de conteúdo de 125 cenas de ataque que foram extraídas de partidas oficiais de futsal masculino para compor o Teste de Conhecimento Tático Declarativo para o futsal (TCTD-FS). Cinco treinadores de futsal com no mínimo 10 anos de experiência avaliaram as cenas no que se refere à qualidade e pertinência, bem como a melhor tomada de decisão e sinais relevantes. Recorreu-se ao Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo (CVC), Concordância Entre Observadores (CEO), análise de conteúdo e validade ecológica. Os resultados indicaram 21 cenas com valores médios de CVC > 0,90 e CEO = 1,0. Conclui-se que as cenas selecionadas apresentaram evidências de validade de conteúdo e poderão compor a versão preliminar do TCTD-FS.

ABSTRACT The aim is to demonstrate the evidence of content validation for 125 offensive scenes extracted from official men's futsal matches to compose the declarative tactical knowledge test for futsal (TCTD-FS). Five coaches with at least 10 years of experience evaluated the scenes in terms of quality and relevance, the best tactical decision, and relevant cues. The Content Validity Coefficient (CVC), the agreement between observers (AO), the content analysis, and the ecological validity were used. The results indicated 21 scenes with mean values of CVC > 0.90 and AO = 1.0. It is concluded that the selected scenes present content validity and may compose the preliminary version of the TCTD-FS.

RESUMEN Demostar los indícios de validez de contenido de 125 escenas de ataque extraídas de partidos oficiales de fútbol de salón masculino para hacer parte del test de conocimiento táctico declarativo para el fútbol de salón (TCTD-FS). Cinco entrenadores con al menos 10 años de experiencia evaluaron las escenas en términos de calidad y relevancia, selección de la mejor toma de decisión y pistas relevantes. Se utilizó el coeficiente de validez de contenido (CVC), el acuerdo entre observadores (AEO), el análisis de contenido y la validez ecológica. Los resultados determinaron 21 escenas con valores medios de CVC > 0.90 y AEO = 1.0. Se concluye que las escenas seleccionadas presentan evidencias de validez de contenido y se incluirán en la primera versión del TCTD-FS.

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Objetivou-se descrever a estrutura do processo de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento (E-A-T) de uma equipe masculina de basquetebol da categoria sub-14 e avaliar o impacto desse processo no desenvolvimento do conhecimento tático declarativo (CTD) e conhecimento tático processual (CTP). Participaram do presente estudo quase-experimental com um período de seguimento longitudinal 16 jogadores de basquetebol do sexo masculino de um clube de competição em nível nacional. Foram aplicados o Teste de Conhecimento Tático Declarativo e o Teste de Conhecimento Processual para mensuração do nível de CTD e CTP, respectivamente, pré e pós 18 sessões de treinamento, as quais foram filmadas e categorizadas para estruturação do processo de E-A-T. Recorreu-se à análise descritiva para análise da estruturação do treinamento e, para identificar possíveis diferenças nos escores do pré-teste para o pós-teste, recorreu-se ao teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon no CTD e no CTP, sempre com nível de significância de 5%. Ainda, calculou-se a confiabilidade inter-avaliadores para a análise do CTP e intraavaliador para o processo de categorização e estruturação, em ambos os casos obteve-se confiabilidade excelente. O procedimento de categorização e estruturação por meio da observação sistemática das sessões de treino, sugere a utilização de metodologias tradicionais focadas no desenvolvimento técnico (metodologia analítica) e aplicação da técnica no jogo formal (metodologia global). Identificaram-se diferenças entre os escores de CTP reportados antes e depois das sessões de treino analisadas, especificamente nas ações individuais na defesa e não houveram diferenças nos escores de CTD. Concluiu-se que o treinamento apoiado na metodologia tradicional centrada no desenvolvimento da técnica não impactou no CTD e favoreceu a aquisição de estruturas de conhecimento processual específicas apenas para as ações defensivas.(AU)

This study aimed to describe the teaching-learning-training (T-L-T) process of a male U-14 basketball team and evaluate the impact of this process on the development of declarative (DTK) and procedural tactical knowledge (PTK). Sixteen male U-14 basketball players of a club competing in national level participated in this study. The study desing is quase-experimental with a period to assess longitudinal changes. The Declarative Tactical Knowledge Test and the Procedural Tactical Knowledge Test were applied to measure the DTK and PTK, respectively, pre and post 18 training sessions. All sessions were filmed and analyzed to describe the T-L-T process. To identify possible differences in scores from pre to post-test, we used the Wilcoxon non-parametric test for the both instruments with a 5% significance level. Inter-rater reliability was calculated for the analysis of PTK and intra-rater reliability for the categorization of the training sessions; analyses presented excellent reliability. The systematic observation of the training sessions suggested the predominance of traditional teaching methods focused on isolated technical development (analytical methodology) and application of the technique in the formal game (global methodology).The PTKT at post-test was significantly higher compared to pre-test,regarding defense actions. There were no diferences between pre and post- tests for the DTK. We concluded that the technique-centered methodology used could not impact DTK and favored the development of PTK only for defensive actions.(AU)

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In a cell line, stably expressing α1A-adrenoceptors fused to the mCherry red fluorescent protein, noradrenaline, methoxamine, and oxymetazoline induced concentration-dependent increases in intracellular calcium. All of these agents increase α1A-adrenoceptor phosphorylation and internalization. Transient co-expression of these receptors with Rab proteins tagged with the enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein was employed to estimate α1A-adrenoceptor-Rab interaction using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. Noradrenaline and methoxamine increased α1A-adrenoceptor interaction with Rab5 and Rab7 but did not modify it with Rab9. Oxymetazoline induced adrenoceptor interaction with Rab5 and Rab9 and only an insignificant increase in Rab7 signal. Phorbol myristate acetate increased α1A-adrenoceptor interaction with Rab5 and Rab9 but did not modify it with Rab7. The agonists and the active phorbol ester, all of which induce receptor phosphorylation and internalization, favor receptor interaction with Rab5, i.e., association with early endosomes. Cell stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate induced the α1A-adrenoceptors to interact with the late endosomal marker, Rab9, suggesting that the receptors are directed to slow recycling endosomes once they have transited to the Trans-Golgi network to be retrieved to the plasma membrane. The agonists noradrenaline and methoxamine likely induce a faster recycling and might direct some of the adrenoceptors toward degradation and/or very slow recycling to the plasma membrane. Oxymetazoline produced a mixed pattern of interaction with the Rab proteins. These data indicate that α1A-adrenoceptor agonists can trigger different vesicular traffic and receptor fates within the cells.

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Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: El angiofibroma celular (neoplasia mesenquitamosa) es un tumor poco frecuente conformado por células fusiformes y estructuras vasculares. Los angiofibromas celulares son neoplasias pequeñas, delimitadas, que pueden aparecer en mujeres de 40 a 50 años. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 15 años, sin antecedentes patológicos de importancia para el padecimiento actual, que acudió al servicio médico debido a la aparición de una masa vulvar de crecimiento rápido, de 1 año de evolución. En la exploración física se observó una tumoración vulvar de 10 x 4 cm, en forma de herradura y en el contorno de la vulva se visualizó otra tumoración dependiente de la anterior, en el clítoris, de 7 x 5 cm, que simulaba un falo; ambas estaban adheridas a los planos profundos, sin causar dolor a la palpación, móviles, circunscritas, de consistencia blanda, con crecimiento de vello corporal en posición androgénica. Se llevó a cabo la resección del tumor; el procedimiento se inició con el acceso al labio mayor, sin afectar el meato uretral y el clítoris; se observó aumento de la vascularidad y la tumoración se disecó en su totalidad. El reporte histopatológico fue de angiofibroma celular. La evolución de la paciente fue favorable. CONCLUSIÓN: El angiofibroma celular de la vulva es una neoplasia mesenquimatosa con características clínicas, morfológicas e inmunohistoquímicas propias. El caso aquí expuesto es el primero reportado en una paciente adolescente.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cellular angiofibroma is a very rare tumor, it was described as a mesenchymal neoplasm, mainly made up of two components: spindle cells and vascular structures. Cellular angiofibromas are small-delimited malignancies and characteristically occur in women between 40 to 50 years of age. CLINICAL CASE: A 15-year-old female patient, with no pathological history of importance for the current condition, went to the medical unit due to the presence of a 1-year evolution vulvar mass, which was growing rapidly, 10 x 4 cm vulvar mass, horseshoe-shaped bearing the contour of the vulva, another tumor dependent on the previous in the clitoris area (7 x 5 cm), simulating a phallus, fixed to deep planes, not painful on palpation, mobile, circumscribed, of soft consistency, with growth of body hair in an androgenic position. In the surgical event, a tumor resection was performed, beginning an approach by the external part of the majors labia, respecting the urethral meatus and clitoris, an increase in vascularity was observed, dissecting the tumor in its entirety. The histopathological report was of cellular angiofibroma. The evolution of the patient was favorable. CONCLUSION: The cellular angiofibroma of the vulva is a mesenchymal neoplasm with the own clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics. The case presented is the first identity developed in an adolescent patient.

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Abstract This study aimed to verify the acute effects of 3vs.3 soccer small-sided and conditioned games (SSCG) on the tactical behavior of youth soccer athletes within one training session. Twenty-four soccer athletes (U-13 and U-14 categories) from a professional club participated in the study. They played four 4-minute 3vs.3 SSCG with 4 minutes of passive recovery in-between. All SSCG were recorded and players' tactical behavior was analyzed using the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer. We compared the frequencies and percentages of successful tactical principles over the four 3vs.3 SSCG bouts performed within the training session. Results showed an increased number of defensive unity actions (p= 0.005; large effect size) and a higher percentage of successful defensive principles (p<0.001; moderate effect size) in the fourth bout. We can conclude that players' tactical behaviors change over the SSCG bouts performed within one training session. This suggests that players adapt their tactical behavior according to the tactical problems presented in the SSCG performed within the training session. We can suggest that the long-term improvement in the tactical skills of soccer athletes may be based on these small acute changes in tactical behavior observed in each training session.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o efeito do pequeno jogo 3vs.3 sobre o comportamento tático de jovens jogadores de futebol em uma sessão de treinamento. Participaram do estudo 24 jogadores das categorias sub-13 e sub-14 de um clube professional. Realizaram-se quatro séries de quatro minutos do pequeno jogo 3vs.3 com quatro minutos de pausa passiva entre as séries. Todos os jogos foram filmados e analisou-se o comportamento tático por meio do Sistema de Avaliação Tática no Futebol. Foram comparados a frequência e o percentual de acertos dos princípios táticos nas quatro séries dentro de uma sessão de treinamento. Os resultados evidenciaram aumento do número das ações de unidade defensiva (p= 0.005; tamanho do efeito grande) e do percentual de acerto dos princípios defensivos (p<0.001; tamanho do efeito moderado). Conclui-se haver mudança do comportamento tático durante as séries de pequenos jogos realizados dentro de uma sessão de treinamento. Sugere-se que os jogadores adaptam seus comportamentos conforme os problemas táticos emergentes nos pequenos jogos. Além disso, sugere-se que a melhoria da capacidade tática de jogadores de futebol possa se basear nestas pequenas mudanças agudas do comportamento tático observadas dentro de cada sessão de treinamento.

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Abstract The main objective of this study was to establish content validity evidences in the Motor Coordination Test with Ball (MCTB). Four Ph.D. professors and former sports coaches with academic experience in the motor coordination area took part of the validation process as experts. The experts assessed four motor tasks and graded using the Likert scale from one to five for criteria of clarity of language, practice relevance, and theoretical relevance. The content validity coefficient (CVC) has been used to determine the CVCc of each task and the CVCt for the instrument as a whole, adopting as a cutoff CVCc .70 and CVCt .80. The results showed good agreement among experts concerning "clarity of language" (CVC= .89), "practice relevance" (CVC= .81), and theoretical relevance (CVC= .86). For "practice relevance" of images and videos of task execution, there has been observed CVCt of .86 and CVCt of .95, respectively. When requested the order of relevance of coordination pressures, the agreement among experts presented the existence of at least four coordination pressures in each one of the tasks and, out of these, at least two had a higher relevance. After the calculation of the CVC, ecological validity was determined for the MCTB, accrediting it as an instrument for the assessment of motor coordination with ball in the context of sports games.

Resumo Objetivou-se estabelecer evidências de validade de conteúdo do Teste de Coordenação motora com bola (TCMB). Participaram como especialistas do processo de validação quatro professores doutores e ex-treinadores esportivos com experiência acadêmica na área da coordenação motora. Os especialistas avaliaram 4 tarefas motoras e atribuíram uma nota em uma escala tipo Likert de um a cinco pontos para os critérios de clareza de linguagem, pertinência prática e relevância teórica. Recorreu-se ao coeficiente de validade (CVC) para determinação do CVCc de cada tarefa e o CVCt para o instrumento como um todo, adotando como ponto de corte CVCc .70 e CVCt .80. Os resultados evidenciaram boa concordância dos especialistas quanto à "clareza de linguagem" (CVC= .89), "pertinência prática" (CVC= .81) e "relevância teórica" (CVC= .86). Para a "pertinência prática" das figuras e vídeos de execução das tarefas, observou-se CVCt de .86 e CVCt de .95, respectivamente. Quando solicitada a ordem de relevância das pressões coordenativas, a concordância entre avaliadores apresentou existência de ao menos quatro pressões coordenativas em cada tarefa e destas ao menos duas pressões com maior relevância. Após o cálculo do CVC, determinou-se a validade ecológica do TCMB aprovando-o como um instrumento para a avaliação da coordenação motora com bola no contexto dos jogos esportivo.

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INTRODUCTION: Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is used to measure airway impedance. It is an effective tool for diagnosing and treating respiratory diseases, and it has the advantage that it does not require forced respiratory maneuvers. IOS reference values are required for each population group. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the IOS reference values and bronchodilator response in healthy preschool children living in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study in preschool children who had no history of respiratory disease; 96 children fit the parameters for testing to determine normal values according to the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. RESULTS: Values for respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) at 5, 10, and 20 Hz, respiratory impedance (Zrs, and resonance frequency (Fres) were established. Height was the most influential independent variable for IOS values; an increase in height led to a reduction in Rrs5 and Rrs20 and an increase in Xrs5. After the administration of 400 mcg of salbutamol the values for Rrs5(-17.48%), Rrs20(-8.63%), Fres (-10.68%), and area of reactance (-35.44%) were reduced, meanwhile Xrs5 (15.35%) was increased. CONCLUSIONS: Normal IOS values before and after the administration of 400 mcg of salbutamol were determined for a population of children aged 3-5 years at 2,640 m. Reference IOS equations for these children are presented. A relative change of up to -28% and 36% after the use of salbutamol for respiratory resistance and reactance, respectively, should be considered as an upper limit of the normal range, and possible appropriate cut-off values for defining significant response for evaluating therapeutic interventions.

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The structural isolation of nutrition from the human right to food has resulted in the technicalization and medicalization of the meaning and practice of nutrition, including in the field of nutritional assessments, which has led to the construction of public policies that lack a holistic perspective with a rights-based approach. Two main categories of nutritional assessments have been anthropometric measurements and nutritional profiles evident in the WHO and PAHO proposals related to the nutrition of children. In this paper, we present a critical discussion on the production and uses of both instruments in the evaluation of the growth and development of children and in the generation of global recommendations in public health with the objective of proposing alternatives for the measurement of malnutrition in communities affected by violations of the human right to food and nutrition. Our approach focuses on the construction not only based on the calorie-energy needs of the human body but also on food as a social, cultural and political process. It thus becomes an invitation to rethink nutrition from the notion of right to food to the implementation of research from participatory action.