RESUMO
Plaque control is especially important during orthodontic treatment because areas of the teeth near brackets and wires are difficult to clean with a toothbrush, resulting in debris buildup of food or dental plaque, thus causing caries and periodontal disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), and silver/titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag/TiO2NPs), synthesized on the surface of α-alumina ceramic brackets. The AgNPs and TiO2NPs were synthesized by a simple chemical method, and these were characterized by XRD, SEM, and XPS TEM; the antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by diffusion test. The results of this study demonstrated that by this simple chemical method, silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles can be synthesized on the surface of α-alumina esthetic brackets, and these NPs possess good antimicrobial activity and the possibility of reducing dental caries, periodontal disease, and white spot generated during orthodontic treatment.
RESUMO
El Síndrome de Burnout (SBO) es un problema creciente, comprende alteraciones físicas, somáticas y psicológicas; así como ausentismo laboral, y cuantiosas pérdidas económicas. Desafortunadamente presenta alta prevalencia en los profesionales de la salud y en los estudiantes, principalmente los del área odontológica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las diferencias por afectación del SBO, en tres grupos (docentes, trabajadores administrativos y estudiantes) que conforman el personal de la Facultad de Odontología, de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM). Se aplicó el Maslach Burnout Inventory y un cuestionario sobre las características sociodemográficas, laborales y académicas, a 108 personas de la Facultad de Odontología, de la UAEM: 36 docentes, 36 trabajadores administrativos y 36 estudiantes. El instrumento consta de 22 ítems para evaluar las tres subescalas del SBO: 1) Agotamiento Emocional (AE), 2)Despersonalización (DP), y 3) Realización Personal (RP). Se aplicó una prueba t para conocer las diferencias entre los grupos, con apoyo del software SPSS, versión 19. Al comparar las medias de afectación por el SBO entre los grupos, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la subescala AE entre docentes y estudiantes (p=0,00), entre docentes y trabajadores administrativos (p=0,01), y entre trabajadores administrativos y estudiantes (p=0,00). En la subescala DP sólo se encontraron diferencias entre los trabajadores administrativos y los estudiantes (p=0,01). En la subescala RP se encontraron diferencias entre los docentes y los estudiantes (p=0,00), entre los docentes y los trabajadores administrativos (p=0,01), y entre los trabajadores administrativos y los estudiantes (p=0,05). No hay estudios sobre el SBO, que incluyan todos los grupos que conforman el personal de una Facultad de Odontología. Sin embargo, es importante conocer las diferencias en la afectación por este síndrome en cada uno de los grupos, ...
Burnout syndrome (BOS) is a growing problem, involves physical, somatic and psychological alterations, as well as work absenteeism, and economic losses. Unfortunately it has high prevalence among health professionals and students, mainly on dentistry area. The aim of this study was to know the differences by affectation of the BOS, between the three groups (educational, administrative workers and students) that conforms the personnel of the Dentistry Faculty, of the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEM). The Maslach Burnout Inventory and a questionnaire on sociodemographic, labor and academic characteristics, was applied to 108 people of the Dentistry Faculty of the UAEM: 36 educational ones, 36 administrative workers and 36 students. The instrument includes 22 items to evaluate the three subscales of the BOS: 1) Emotional fatigue (EF), 2) Depersonalization (DP), and 3) Personal Realization (PR). A t test was applied to know the differences between the groups studied, with support of software SPSS, version 19. When comparing the averages of affectation by BOS between the groups studied, were statistically significant differences in the subscale of EF between the educational and students groups (p=0.00), between educational and administrative workers groups (p=0.01), and between administrative workers and students groups (p=0.00). In the subscale of DP only were differences between the administrative workers and students groups (p=0.01). In the subscale of PR were differences between educational and students groups (p=0.00), between educational and administrative workers (p=0.01) and, between administrative workers and students groups (p=0.05). There are not studies on the BOS that includes all the groups that conform the personnel of a Dentistry Faculty. Nevertheless, it is important to know the differences in the affectation by this syndrome in each one of the groups, since it will allow elaborating specific strategies for each one; and..
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esgotamento Profissional/diagnóstico , Estudantes de Odontologia/psicologia , Docentes de Odontologia , Inventário de Personalidade , Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Despersonalização , Faculdades de Odontologia , México , Satisfação Pessoal , Psicometria , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify changes in the oral environment with clinical, salivary and bacterial risk markers after placement of fixed orthodontic appliances on permanent dentition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: With ethical approval, we used different techniques to analyzed clinical, salivary and bacterial risk markers in 34 patients (mean age, 16.7+5.2 years), 14 males and 20 females; before starting orthodontic treatment and 1 month after. Clinical risk markers (decayed, missing, and filled surfaces [DMFS], O'Leary's plaque index, and plaque pH); salivary markers (unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rate, buffer capacity, pH, and occult blood in saliva) and bacterial counts (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus). Data were analyzed by paired t-test and X2 test. RESULTS: This study showed that orthodontic appliances increased the stimulated salivary flow rate (p=0.0001), buffer capacity (p=0.0359), salivary pH (p=0.0246) and occult blood in saliva (p=0.0305). Bacterial levels increased slightly after 1 month of treatment, without statistical significance. Between genders, initially we observed differences in: stimulated saliva (p=0.0019), buffer capacity (p=0.0381) and plaque pH (p=0.0430); after treatment the unstimulated saliva (p=0.0026) showed differences. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic treatment changes the oral environmental factors, promotes an increase in stimulated flow rate, buffer capacity and salivary pH, which augment the anti caries activity of saliva. In contrast, increased occult blood indicated more gingival inflammation, apparently because augmented the retentive plaque surfaces and the difficult to maintain a good oral hygiene, rinsed the bleeding in saliva by periodontal damage.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária/etiologia , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Aparelhos Ortodônticos/efeitos adversos , Saliva , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Saliva/química , Saliva/metabolismo , Saliva/fisiologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to establish cephalometric norms by age and gender of Harvold´s analysis for people living in the central region of Mexico and compare them with other populations to found morphologic craniofacial differences. One hundred sixteen males and 125 females were studied. The participants were divided into age groups. The parents and grandparents of the participants were born in Mexico. All participants had class I occlusion with normal growth, facial symmetry, no crowding and no previous orthodontic, orthopedic or maxillofacial surgery treatment. Lateral skull x-rays were obtained; each radiograph was analyzed on with a Harvold-like analysis. For statistical evaluation, the Student t´ test was used to compare the age groups between males and females. Significant gender differences were found in the following measurements: maxillary position, mandible position, and the anterior lower facial height in all age groups. Differences were found in the cranial and dental positions with other races respect to facial growth. Because every gender and race have their own characteristics, it is appropriate to use correct cephalometric norms in daily orthodontic practice. It is suggested to use the analysis of Harvold in a complementary way when in diagnosing a patient there is doubt on the alterations in the maxillae.
El propósito de este estudio fue establecer normas cefalométricas por edad y sexo de acuerdo al análisis de Harvold, para población de la región central de México y comparar estos patrones con otras poblaciones para encontrar diferencias en las características morfológicas craneofaciales. 116 hombres y 125 mujeres conformaron el estudio, divididos por grupos de edad. Los padres y abuelos de los participantes eran originarios de México. Todos los sujetos tenían clase I molar con un desarrollo normal, simetría facial, sin apiñamiento y sin previo tratamiento ortodóntico, ortopédico o cirugía maxilofacial. Se obtuvieron las radiografías laterales de cráneo; cada una se examinó de acuerdo al análisis cefalométrico de Harvold. Para el análisis estadístico, se aplicó la prueba t de Student para hacer la comparación entre grupos de edad y sexo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en los siguientes parámetros: posición maxilar, posición mandibular y altura facial anteroinferior en todos los grupos de edad. Se demostraron diferencias en la posición dental y craneal con otras razas, respecto al crecimiento facial. Cada género y raza presenta sus características propias, por lo que es apropiado utilizar normas cefalométricas adecuadas en la práctica ortodóntica diaria. Se sugiere utilizar el análisis de Harvold como auxiliar o complemento cuando existe duda en el diagnóstico del paciente debido a alteraciones de los maxilares.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Criança , Cefalometria/normas , Oclusão Dentária , Etnicidade , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Maxila/anatomia & histologia , Fatores Etários , México , Caracteres SexuaisRESUMO
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the morphologic characteristics of the dental arches in the ethnic group Mazahua and mestizo teenagers from central Mexico. Methods: A sample of 80 Mazahua and 80 mestizo teenagers with normal occlusion, divided into two age groups, were evaluated. A digital caliper was used to measure in cast models the intercanine width, intermolar width, length and perimeter of the arch, occlusal intermaxillary curve (of Spee), overjet, and overbite. A comparative analysis with Students t-test was applied between gender and population groups. Results: Comparison of the dental arches between Mazahua and mestizo teenagers revealed that statistically significant differences existed with respect to most of the measurements. In most cases, they were greater in males; the Mazahua teenagers had intercanine and intermolar widths greater than mestizo teenagers. Conclusions: Each group has a characteristic dental arch form. The ethnic group Mazahua has squared arches, whereas the mestizo teenagers have oval arches, which give them their particular facial characteristics. These findings indicate that population-specific standards are necessary for clinical assessments.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Arco Dental/anatomia & histologia , Etnicidade , Maxila/anatomia & histologia , Fatores Etários , Oclusão Dentária , México , Odontometria , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
El propósito de este estudio es discutir el tratamiento de un paciente con retención bilateral de caninos superiores y reabsorción radicular de los dientes adyacentes. Se muestran los problemas asociados con los caninos superiores retenidos y las intervenciones biomecánicas utilizadas en el tratamiento de ortodoncia