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Ground N°3 of Law 21,030 allows for the termination of a pregnancy due to rape, with the woman's consent, establishing a gestational age limit of 14 weeks for adolescents under 14 years of age and 12 weeks for those over 14 years of age. OBJECTIVE: To describe, between the period 2018-2020, the main sociodemographic and other variables linked to ground N°3 in minors under 14 years, adolescents aged 14 years or older and under 18 years, and women aged 18 years or older. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and population-based design. National data was obtained from the official registry of the Ministry of Health and through the Transparency Law. Measures of central tendency (median), dispersion (interquartile range), absolute frequencies, and percentages were used. RESULTS: 31.6% of the women with rape-related pregnancies were under 18 years of age. Women under 14 lived mainly in the regions of the country, had a higher gestational age at the time of the ground factor, and 31.2% decided to continue the pregnancy. Adolescents aged 14 or older and under 18, had a higher multidimensional poverty index. Women aged 18 or older were most frequently foreigners, lived mainly in the Metropolitan Region, and decided to terminate the pregnancy. 57.4% of those who reported the rape and 11.1% who failed to establish the ground were under 18. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual violence is a public health problem. Pregnancy due to rape in adolescents is a social reality. There should be permanent evaluation and monitoring of the implementation of Law 21,030, guaranteeing timely, efficient, and nondiscriminatory access to benefits.

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BACKGROUND: Sexual and reproductive rights include access to accurate and appropriate information in order to make informed decisions. In the current age of media globalization and Internet, adolescents are exposed to information about sexual health and sexuality from a myriad of sources. The objective of this study was to explore sources of information and adolescent learning about sexual health and sexuality in Santiago, Chile. METHODS: Data collection included four focus group discussions with a total of 24 adolescents 18-19 years old, 20 semi-structured interviews with adolescents 16-19 years old, and seven interviews with key informants working with adolescents. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: The primary sources of sexual health and sexuality information were parents, teachers and friends, whilst secondary sources included health professionals for females and Internet for males. Information provided by the trusted sources of parents, teachers and health professionals tended to focus on biological aspects of sexuality, particularly pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Limited emphasis was placed on topics such as love, attraction, pleasure, relationships, abstinence and sexual violence. Information focused primarily on heterosexual relations and reproduction. Adolescents learnt about relationships and sexual acts through friends, partners and, for many males, pornography. Findings indicate a lack of available information on partner communication, setting personal limits, and contraception, including morally neutral and medically correct information about emergency contraception. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights numerous gaps between adolescent information needs and information provided by parents, teachers and health professionals. The priority these trusted sources place on providing biological information overshadows learning about emotional and relational aspects of sexuality. This biological rationalization of adolescent sexual behaviour neglects the way gender inequality, peer-pressure, coercion, media eroticization and religion influence adolescent sexual decision-making. The heteronormativity of information excludes other sexual orientations and disregards the diverse spectrum of human sexual behaviours. Finally, the limited provision of practical information hinders development of skills necessary for ensuring safe, consensual and pleasurable sexual relations. Trusted adults are encouraged to engage adolescents in critical reflection on a broad range of sexuality topics, dispelling myths, and building knowledge and skills necessary to make informed decisions.

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Although Chile is a traditionally conservative country, considerable legal advances in sexual and reproductive rights over the past decade have brought discourses on sexuality into mainstream political, social and media agendas. In light of these changes it is important to explore how adolescents conceptualize sexuality, which in turn influences their understanding of sexual rights. This study is based on four focus group discussions and 20 semi-structured interviews with adolescents, and seven interviews with key informants in Santiago, Chile. Findings indicate that adolescent conceptualizations of sexuality are diverse, often expressed as attitudes or observations of their social context, and primarily shaped by peers, parents and teachers. Attitudes towards individuals with non-heterosexual orientations ranged from support to rejection, and conceptualizations of sexual diversity were also influenced by media, medicalization and biological explanations. Gender differences in sexual expression were described through gendered language and behaviour, in particular observations of gender stereotypes, censored female sexuality and discourses highlighting female risk. Many adolescents described social change towards greater equality regarding gender and sexuality. To optimize this change and help bridge the gap between legal and social recognition of sexual rights, adolescents should be encouraged to reflect critically on issues of gender equality and sexual diversity in Chile.

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Se describe la objeción de conciencia en la práctica clínica como un derecho de los profesionales, fundamentado principalmente en la libertad de conciencia. Se realiza revisión bibliográfica abarcando los últimos diez años para conocer su real significado, magnitud y trascendencia. Se concluye que debe plantearse en situaciones específicas, como una excepción, con prudencia, compatibilizando los derechos de todos los involucrados, alcanzando el equilibrio en nuestras decisiones, permitiendo que una sociedad donde conviven personas con diferentes valores y creencias aspiren en conjunto al bien común, condición necesaria para fortalecer la democracia...

Conscience objection is described in clinical practice as a professional right, based mainly in freedom of conscience. A bibliographical review of last ten years is carried out to know the real meaning, extent and transcendence. The conclusion is that it must raise in specific situations, as an exception, with prudence, harmonizing the rights of all participating, reaching equilibrium in decision making, allowing that a society where persons with different values and beliefs live together aspire overall to common good, necessary condition to strengthen democracy...

Descreve-se a objeção de consciência na prática clínica como um direito dos profissionais fundamentado principalmente na liberdade de consciência. Realiza-se uma revisão bibliográfica abarcando os últimos 10 anos para conhecer seu real significado, magnitude e transcendência. Conclui que se deve apresentá-la em situações específicas, como uma exceção, com prudência, compatibilizando os direitos de todos os envolvidos, alcançando o equilíbrio em nossas decisões, permitindo que uma sociedade onde convivem pessoas com diferentes valores e crenças aspirem em conjunto o bem comum, condição necessária para fortalecer a democracia...

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