RESUMO
Beehive derivatives, including honeybee pollen (HBP), have been extensively studied for their beneficial health properties and potential therapeutic use. Its high polyphenol content gives it excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Today its use is limited due to poor organoleptic properties, low solubility, stability, and permeability under physiological conditions. A novel edible multiple W/O/W nanoemulsion (BP-MNE) to encapsulate the HBP extract was designed and optimized to overcome these limitations. The new BP-MNE has a small size (â¼100 nm), a zeta potential greater than +30 mV, and efficiently encapsulated phenolic compounds (â¼82%). BP-MNE stability was measured under simulated physiological conditions and storage conditions (4 months); in both cases, stability was promoted. The formulation's antioxidant and antibacterial (Streptococcus pyogenes) activity was analyzed, obtaining a higher effect than the non-encapsulated compounds in both cases. In vitro permeability was tested, observing a high permeability of the phenolic compounds when they are nanoencapsulated. With these results, we propose our BP-MNE as an innovative solution to encapsulate complex matrices, such as HBP extract, as a platform to develop functional foods.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Fenóis , Abelhas , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Chile , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Permeabilidade , PólenRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To estimate the prevalence, socio-demographic distribution, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in Panama. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in the provinces of Panama and Colon, applying a survey on cardiovascular risk factors and analyzing biochemical indicators in 3590 persons. A single-stage, probabilistic, and randomized sampling strategy with a multivariate stratification was used. Individuals with a previous medical diagnosis of diabetes, glycemia ≥ 126 mg/dl and/or glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol) were considered with diabetes mellitus. The prevalence estimates were calculated as percentages with 95% confidence intervals and a p value. Logistic regression was used to identify the sociodemographic variables that were significantly associated with diabetes. Odds ratio and p values were calculated using 2 x 2 tables, and a value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the participants, 7.3% (262/3590) were aware of having diabetes and 2.2% (78/3590) were unaware. The estimated prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 9.5% (340/3590) and increased in proportion to increasing age. The logistic regression revealed relationships between diabetes and age, sex, area of residence and sociocultural groups. 77.9% of the people aware of having diabetes received treatment and 53.4% have not stabilized the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The research evidenced a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Panama, where being Afro-Panamanian and 50 years of age or older are sociodemographic risk factors for DM. Due to the complications that the disease may present we recommend actively searching for such cases to increase diagnosis of people unaware of having diabetes.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to certify and register the botanical origin of honey and corbicular pollen from beehives located at the community of Litueche. For this purpose, a survey of vegetation was conducted within a radio of 2 km from the beehives. The results show that from a total of 120 species found, 59 were native, and the most representative families are Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Papilionaceae. Most of the species present some medicinal uses, and are actually used or have a potential use. In general, they do not present conservation problems. In order to analyze the honey samples, the quantification of pollen grains and the Analysis of Proportions allowed us to determine their frequency and their relative importance. All the study samples presented less than 50% of pollen grains of single species, so they were classified as multifloral honeys. Species that appeared with significant importance are Retanilla trinervis, Lotus uliginosus, Rubus ulmifolius and Quillaja saponaria. The corbicular pollen samples were different in the different beehives analyzed. The results show that not all the species flowering at the same time in the area, were selected by the honeybees as nectar and pollen sources.
Assuntos
Mel , Plantas , Pólen , Botânica , ChileRESUMO
Monomelittoside, melittoside, 8-acetyl-harpagide, harpagide, ajugol, 5-desoxy-harpagide, 5-desoxy-8-acetylharpagide and catalpol were isolated from the aerial parts of S. grandidentata.
Assuntos
Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/química , Glucosídeos/química , Lamiaceae/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Piranos/química , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/isolamento & purificação , Chile , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Iridoides , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Caules de Planta/química , Piranos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Assay-guided fractionation of an antitubercular extract obtained from Lessonia nigrescens yielded the phytosterol saringosterol as its active component. No appreciable toxicity against Vero cells was observed for this compound. Saringosterol was also synthesized by oxidation of fucosterol. The MIC values for antitubercular activity of saringosterol and its 24S and 24R epimers were determined as 0.25, 1, and 0.125 microg/mL.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Phaeophyceae/química , Estigmasterol/análogos & derivados , Estigmasterol/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antituberculosos/síntese química , Antituberculosos/química , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Chile , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Oxirredução , Estereoisomerismo , Estigmasterol/síntese química , Estigmasterol/química , Estigmasterol/farmacologia , Células Vero/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Viscidone (0.5%), vanillin, 3',4'-(methylendioxy)acetophenone, 3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, cinnamic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymethyl ester were isolated from propolis of hives from Cuncumen. This is the first report on propolis composition of an arid and a Mediterranean type climate area.
Assuntos
Própole/química , Animais , Abelhas , Benzaldeídos/análise , Chile , Cinamatos/análise , Clima , Pólen/química , Própole/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Pinocembrin, acacetin, galanguin, izalpin, kaempferide, prenyletin and diarytheptane were isolated from propolis from Central Chile.
Assuntos
Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Própole/química , Animais , Abelhas , Chile , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Fenóis/química , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrometria de Massas de Bombardeamento Rápido de ÁtomosRESUMO
Propolis from central Chile was investigated for its plant origin by microscopical analysis of pollen grains and leaf fragments found in the sample. The pollen grains that appear with significant higher frequency in the sample corresponded to four native and two introduced species, whereas leaf fragments corresponded to four native species. Seventeen phenolic compounds that belong to the phenylpropane, benzaldehyde, dihydrobenzofuran, or benzopyran classes, were isolated from an organic extract that was found to have a moderate growth inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium avium, M. tuberculosis, and two strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The components responsible for activity were determined.
Assuntos
Derivados de Benzeno/química , Mycobacterium avium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/química , Plantas/química , Própole/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Abelhas , Derivados de Benzeno/isolamento & purificação , Derivados de Benzeno/farmacologia , Chile , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mycobacterium avium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta , Pólen , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Four taraxastane triterpenes, 3 beta-acetoxy-6 beta-hydroxytaraxasta-20-ene, 6 beta-hydroxytaraxasta-20-en-3-one, 6 beta-hydroxytaraxasta-20-ene 3 beta-palmitate and 3 beta,6 beta-dihydroxytaraxasta-20-ene were isolated from the dichloromethane-methanol extract of Chuquiraga ulicina ssp. ulicina together with the known triterpenes lupeol, lupenyl acetate, lupenone, friedelinol, 3 beta-acetoxy-30-nor-lupan-20-one, and 30-nor-lupan-3 beta-ol-20-one.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas Medicinais , Triterpenos/química , Chile , Clima Desértico , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Espectrometria de Massa de Íon Secundário , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The flavonoids 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone, 6,8-dimethyl-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone and 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone, a mixture of alkyl esters of p-coumaric acid, the triterpenoids oleanolic acid and maslinic acid, the monoterpenoid 1 alpha,2 beta,4 beta-trihydroxy-p-menthane, the sesquiterpenoid clovandiol and beta-sitosterol were isolated from the aerial parts of Luma gayana (Barn.) Burret. This is the first report on the chemistry of this species.
Assuntos
Flavonoides/química , Plantas Medicinais , Terpenos/química , Chile , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Medicina Tradicional , Estrutura Molecular , Terpenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Screening of plants from South America for antitubercular activity and subsequent assay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation and characterization of several pentacyclic triterpenoids. The MIC values of 22 triterpenoids were determined using the radiorespiratory BACTEC assay and range from 8 microM to above 128 microM. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/isolamento & purificação , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Antituberculosos/química , Argentina , Chile , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Técnicas In Vitro , Medicina Tradicional , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triterpenos/químicaRESUMO
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the petroleum ether extract of Azorella madreporica Clos has led to the isolation of the novel, antitubercular mulinane diterpenoid 1. The structure has been elucidated on the basis of its 1D and 2D NMR spectra and by comparison with mulinolic acid 2 and a dehydration product 3 obtained from 1. The MIC of 1 for growth inhibition of the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was determined as 20 microg/mL. LC-MS and NMR have suggested the presence of this new compound in four other species of Azorella.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/isolamento & purificação , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Sequência de Carboidratos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Conformação Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , América do SulRESUMO
Three new (1, 3, 4) and two known lignans (2 and 5) were isolated from Chilean propolis. Compound 1 was identified as a trimeric coniferyl alcohol acetate and 3 as the diastereomer of the dimeric coniferyl alcohol acetate 2. Compound 4 was identified as a dihydrobenzofuran lignan aldehyde, which was isolated together with the related known acetate 5.
Assuntos
Lignanas/isolamento & purificação , Própole/química , Chile , Lignanas/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Conformação Molecular , Espectrometria de Massas de Bombardeamento Rápido de Átomos , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
Describe que los calambres musculares son una afección muy frecuente, cuya etiología sigue siendo discutida al igual que su tratamiento. Los calambres nocturnos, se inician en forma de fasciculaciones que paulatinamente provocan una flexión enérgica tanto del tobillo como de los dedos de los pies. Un fenómeno tan frecuente motivo de un gran número de consultas médicas y que causa un importante malestar en la población, ha merecido muy poca atención en la investigación clínica. Sus mecanismos fisiopatológicos son aún muy poco conocidos hasta el momento actual. En el presente trabajo revisamos una posible causa de producción de los calambres nocturnos como son la posición del cuello al dormir y la presencia de procesos degenerativos de la columna cervical que reducen el diámetro del conducto medular, produciendo irritación del cordón posterior medular y contracción muscular involuntaria.
Assuntos
Humanos , Contração Muscular , Cãibra MuscularRESUMO
Eight urs-12-ene triterpenoids, beta-sitosterol, (+)-catechin, and apigenin 7-O-glucoside were isolated from the leaves of Acaena pinnatifida R. et P. The triterpenoids were characterized as pomolic acid, pomolic acid-3-acetate, tormentic acid, 2-epi-tormentic acid, euscaphic acid, tormentic acid glucoside, niga-ichigoside F1, and niga-ichigoside F2.
Assuntos
Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Chile , Estrutura Molecular , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de Planta , Triterpenos/químicaRESUMO
The Brine Shrimp Test (BST) is a simple and inexpensive method to test cytotoxity, to biodirect phytochemical fractionation of natural products and as a predictor for antitumor and pesticidal activity. In this work, the BST test, an antibacterial test and the rat hippocratic screening test were used on 25 plant extracts and fractions, to evaluate the correlation, if any, between the BST and the others. Preliminary results show that the BST is not a predictor of antibacterial activity nor the hippocratic screening test.
Assuntos
Artemia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bioensaio , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Plantas Medicinais , Animais , Feminino , Panamá , Plantas Medicinais/química , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The Brine Shrimp Test (BST) is a simple and inexpensive method to test cytotoxity, to biodirect phytochemical fractionation of natural products and as a predictor for antitumor and pesticidal activity. In this work, the BST test, an antibacterial test and the rat hippocratic screening test were used on 25 plant extracts and fractions, to evaluate the correlation, if any, between the BST and the others. Preliminary results show that the BST is not a predictor of antibacterial activity nor the hippocratic screening test
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Artemia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bioensaio , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Plantas Medicinais , Panamá , Plantas Medicinais/química , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The seasonal progression of phenophases in 21 shrub species of the Chilean matorral was analyzed. Five "modules" or basic units that are responsible for the aboveground architecture of the plants were characterized. These modules appear to be organized in seven different spatial arrangements. In drought-deciduous species a module type with an "absolute short shoot" with limited apical growth, leafy or spiny, predominated. In evergreen species "long shoot" and "temporal leafy short shoot" module types were more frequent. The spatial arrangement of morphologically different modules and the temporal sequence of their formation allow a dynamic interpretation of the modular architecture of the plants.
RESUMO
Se presentan los resultados obtenidos al evaluar 100 pacientes criticos con dos indices de gravedad descritos en la literatura: el APACHE II y el TISS. Sólo el 28 por ciento de los pacientes ingresados en el periodo de estudio pudieron ser evaluados en el APACHE II. Ambos indices discriminan estadisticamente los diferentes grupos de riesgo y correlacionan el mayor puntaje con un aumento de la mortalidad observada (MO). El APACHE II permitió adicionalmente establecer una evaluación de los resultados terapeuticos comparativa entre 13 UCIs foraneas. Esta evaluación mostro que los resultados terapeuticos en nuestro medio se encuentran dentro del rango esperado, salvo en los casos de trauma en los que ninguno de los indices fue discriminatorio. La presencia de un gran numero de casos de trauma craneoencefalico (TCE) en este grupo, puede explicar este hallazgo pues se trato de pacientes jovenes con GLASGOW 5 ñ 1.8. Se concluye que el APACHE II es un indice util en nuestro medio que, además de homogeneizar grupos terapeuticos, permite tener un parámetro de control evaluativo de la mortalidad. El TISS por su lado, puede ser una alternativa del APACHE II sobre todo en sitios en donde los escasos recursos sean una limitante para su cuantificacion.