RESUMO
Tetracyclines are used for the prevention and control of dairy cattle diseases. Residues of these drugs can be excreted into milk. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a microbiological method using Bacillus megaterium to detect tetracyclines (chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline) in milk. In order to approximate the limits of detection of the bioassay to the Maximum Residue Limit (100µg/l) for milk tetracycline, different concentrations of chloramphenicol (0, 1000, 1500 and 2000µg/l) were tested. The detection limits calculated were similar to the Maximum Residue Limits when a bioassay using B. megaterium ATCC 9885 spores (2.8×10(8)spores/ml) and chloramphenicol (2000µg/l) was utilized. This bioassay detects 105µg/l of chlortetracycline, 100µg/l of oxytetracycline and 134µg/l of tetracycline in 5h. Therefore, this method is suitable to be incorporated into a microbiological multi-residue system for the identification of tetracyclines in milk.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/análise , Bacillus megaterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Bioensaio/métodos , Resíduos de Drogas/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Leite/química , Tetraciclinas/análise , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Argentina , Bacillus megaterium/fisiologia , Cloranfenicol/análise , Cloranfenicol/farmacologia , Resíduos de Drogas/farmacologia , Contaminação de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Concentração Máxima Permitida , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Esporos Bacterianos/efeitos dos fármacos , Tetraciclinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
La muerte súbita (MS) en niños y jóvenes constituye un complejo problema multifactorial con implicaciones médico-legales y socio-familiares. En su investigación, la patología forense tiene una función importante ya que al tratarse de muertes inesperadas es necesaria una autopsia médico-legal para determinar la causa y el mecanismo de la muerte. La mayor parte de estas muertes tienen un origen cardiovascular y muchas de ellas tienen un componente hereditario. La autopsia puede ser la única posibilidad de que se efectúe un diagnóstico correcto de la enfermedad y que la familia reciba una orientación médica adecuada que permita la identificación de familiares asintomáticos y la prevención de futuras muertes. Para realizar un abordaje adecuado se requiere la colaboración de las distintas especialidades médicas implicadas (médicos forenses, patólogos, pediatras, cardiólogos, microbiólogos, genetistas), quienes deben trabajar de forma coordinada de acuerdo a protocolos internacionales. En este artículo se revisan las características epidemiológicas y clínico-patológicas de las principales enfermedades que se pueden manifestar como MS en niños y jóvenes y se presenta la casuística de las provincias de Sevilla y Bizkaia en los últimos años. Finalmente, se destaca la trascendencia de la patología forense en el abordaje y prevención de estos fallecimientos.
Sudden death (SD) in children and young adults is a complex multifactorial problem that entails medical forensic and socio-familial implications. Forensic pathology plays an important role in these cases due to the fact that they tend to occur unexpectedly, and therefore a postmortem examination is needed to determine cause and mechanism of death. Most of these deaths are of cardiovascular origin and many of them have a hereditary component. The autopsy may be the only way to establish the correct diagnosis of the underlying condition enabling the family to receive proper medical counseling, to identify asymptomatic relatives at risk, and to prevent subsequent deaths. A proper approach requires the collaboration of various medical specialties (coroners, pathologists, pediatricians, cardiologists, microbiologists, geneticians), who must work in coordination in accordance to international protocols. In this article, the epidemiologic and clinical-pathological features of the main conditions that may lead to SD in children and young adults are reviewed and a case series from Seville and Biscay provinces is presented. Finally, the importance of forensic pathology in the management and prevention of these cases is underlined.