RESUMO

Analogues of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and other drugs that increase this peptide half-life are used worldwide in human medicine to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. These molecules can increase insulin release and satiety, interesting effects that could also be useful in the treatment of domestic animals pathologies, however their use in veterinary medicine are still limited. Considering the increasing incidence of DM and obesity in cats and dogs, the aim of this review is to summarize the available information about the physiological and pharmacological actions of GLP-1 in domestic animals and discuss about its potential applications in veterinary medicine. In diabetic dogs, the use of drugs based on GLP-1 actions reduced blood glucose and increased glucose uptake, while in diabetic cats they reduced glycemic variability and exogenous insulin administration. Thus, available evidence indicates that GLP-1 based drugs could become alternatives to DM treatment in domestic animals. Nevertheless, current data do not provide enough elements to recommend these drugs widespread clinical use.

RESUMO

Stanniocalcin-1 and -2 belong to a family of molecules that exhibit both paracrine and autocrine effects in mammalian cells. Human stanniocalcin-1 (hSTC-1) is expressed in a wide range of tissues, including white adipose tissue. In fed rats, hSTC-1 increases carbon flux from glucose to lipids in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue. Human stanniocalcin-2 (hSTC-2) is expressed in almost all tissues and regulates various biological processes. The aim of this work was to study the action of hSTC-1 and hSTC-2 in the lipid and glucose metabolism of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in rats in different nutritional states. This study shows for the first time an opposite effect of hSTC-1 and hSTC-2 on glyceride-glycerol generation from glucose in eWAT of fed rats. hSTC-1 stimulated the storage of triacylglycerol in eWAT in the postprandial period, increasing glucose uptake and glyceride-glycerol generation from 14C-glucose. hSTC-2 decreased triacylglycerol synthesis, reducing glyceride-glycerol generation from 14C-glucose, direct phosphorylation of glycerol, and fatty acid synthesis from 14C-glucose in eWAT of fed rats. However, both hormones increased glucose uptake in fed and fasting states. These findings provide evidence for a direct role of hSTC-1 and hSTC-2 in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in eWAT of rats.

Assuntos

Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Animais , Epididimo/metabolismo , Jejum/fisiologia , Masculino , Período Pós-Prandial/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Triglicerídeos/biossíntese

RESUMO

Organotins (OTs) are considered some of the most toxic chemicals introduced into aquatic environments by anthropogenic activities. They are widely used for agricultural and industrial purposes and as antifouling additives on boat hull's paints. Even though the use of OTs was banned in 2008, elevated levels of OTs can still be detected in aquatic environments. OTs' deleterious effects upon wildlife and experimental animals are well documented and include endocrine disruption, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and metabolic dysfunction. Crustaceans are key members of zooplankton and benthic communities and have vital roles in food chains, so the endocrine-disrupting effects of tributyltin (TBT) on crustaceans can affect other organisms. TBT can disrupt carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis of crustaceans by interacting with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) signaling. Moreover, it can also interact with other nuclear receptors, disrupting methyl farnesoate and ecdysteroid signaling, thereby altering growth and sexual maturity, respectively. This compound also interferes in cytochrome P450 system disrupting steroid synthesis and reproduction. Crustaceans are also important fisheries worldwide, and its consumption can pose risks to human health. However, some questions remain unanswered. This mini review aims to update information about the effects of OTs on the metabolism, growth, and reproduction of crustaceans; to compare with known effects in mammals; and to point aspects that still needs to be addressed in future studies. Since both macrocrustaceans and microcrustaceans are good models to study the effects of sublethal TBT contamination, novel studies should be developed using multibiomarkers and omics technology.