RESUMO
Introducción: Las picaduras de serpientes constituyen un grave problema de Salud Pública. Objetivo: Describir los casos de mordeduras de serpientes notificados al Programa Nacional de Control de Zoonosis y Centro Antirrábico Nacional, Paraguay durante el año 2015. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal. Los criterios de inclusión fueron toda persona que haya sido mordida por alguna serpiente y que haya sido notificado al Programa Nacional de Control de Zoonosis y Centro Antirrábico Nacional durante el año 2015. Tipo de muestreo no probabilístico. Resultados: Fueron notificados 169 casos de mordeduras de serpientes. De acuerdo con las características sociodemográficas, la mayoría de los afectados fueron varones, con una edad promedio de 26,39 ±1.36. Los lugares más frecuentes donde ocurrieron los accidentes ofídicos fueron las chacras, y en el Departamento de San Pedro. En la mayoría de las mordeduras no se pudo identificar a la serpiente agresora, y cuando fueron identificadas, fueron las del genero Bothrops, las más frecuentes. En cuanto a la localización de las picaduras, fueron más frecuentes en los miembros inferiores, siendo necesario la hospitalización para el tratamiento. No se reportaron fallecidos. Conclusión: En el año 2015 fueron notificados 169 casos, los departamentos con mayor prevalência fueron San Pedro, Itapúa y Caazapá. El perfil del afectado es un varón con promedio de edad de 26 años, trabajador rural. Las serpientes del género Bothrops causaron el 32,5% de las mordeduras. Palabras clave: Mordeduras de serpiente; Envenenamiento; Epidemiología.
Introduction: Snake bites are a serious public health problem. Objective: To describe the cases of snake bites reported to the National Zoonosis Control Program and National Anti-Rabies Center, Paraguay during 2015. Method: Observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study. The inclusion criteria were any person who has been bitten by a snake and it has been notified to the National Zoonosis Control Program and National Anti-Rabies Center during 2015. Type of non-probabilistic sampling. Results: 169 cases of snake bites were reported. According to the sociodemographic characteristics, the majority of those affected were males, with an average age of 26.39 ± 1.36. The most frequent places where theophidic accidents occurred were the farms, and in the Department of San Pedro. In most of the bites the aggressor snake could not be identified, and when they were identified, they were those of the genus Bothrops, the most frequent. As for the location of the bites, they were more frequent in the lower limbs, requiring hospitalization for treatment. No deaths were reported. Conclusion: In the year 2015, 169 cases were notified, the departments with the highest prevalence were San Pedro, Itapua and Caazapá. The profile of the affected is a male with an average age of 26 years, a rural worker. The snakes of the genus Bothrops caused 32.5% of the bites. Keywords: Snake bites; Poisoning; Epidemiology.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mordeduras de Serpentes/epidemiologia , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
La Fiebre Amarilla (FA) es una de las más importantes zoonosis que afecta a poblaciones humanas. La FA silvestre es imposible de ser erradicada, manteniéndose activa en zonas tropicales en África y Sudamérica. Todas las especies de primates son susceptibles y se consideran reservorios en el medio silvestre. La mortalidad es baja, se desconoce su valor con precisión, sin embargo existen epizootias con alta mortalidad, en humanos varía entre 20-50%. El objetivo de este trabajo fue buscar evidencias de FA en primates capturados en áreas de brote de FA de los departamentos de San Pedro y Central del Paraguay mediante la técnica de Neutralización por reducción de placas para FA cepa vacunal 17 D. Los resultados en los 35 primates estudiados fueron negativos, quizás por lo tardío del momento en la toma de muestras y bajo número de primates capturados.
Yellow Fever (YF) is one of the most important zoonotic diseases affecting human population. It is impossible to eradicate wild YF remaining active in tropical zones of Africa and South America. All species of primates are susceptible and are considered reservoirs in wild regions. Mortality is low and its precise value is unknown though there are epizootics with high mortality rates and in humans varies between 20-50%. The objective of this study was to search for evidence of YF in primates caught in YF outbreaks areas of the departments of San Pedro and Central in Paraguay through the neutralization technique by plates reduction for YF vaccine strain 17 D. The results in the 35 primates studied were negative, perhaps because of the lateness of the time sampling and the low number of captured primates.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Primatas , Saúde Pública Veterinária , Febre AmarelaRESUMO
The Leishmania species present a genetic homology that ranges from 69 to 90%. Because of this homology, heterologous antigens have been used in the immunodiagnosis and vaccine development against Leishmania infections. In the current work, we describe the identification of species-specific and cross-reactive antigens among several New World Leishmania species, using symptomatic and asymptomatic naturally Leishmania chagasi-infected dog sera. Soluble antigens from five strains of New World Leishmania were separated by electrophoresis in SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted. Different proteins were uniquely recognized in the L. chagasi panel by either symptomatic or asymptomatic dog sera suggesting their use as markers for the progression of disease and diagnosis of the initial (sub-clinical) phase of the infection. Cross-reactive antigens were identified using heterologous antigenic panels (L. amazonensis strains PH8 and BH6, L. guyanensis and L. braziliensis). L. guyanensis panel showed the highest cross-reactivity against L. chagasi specific antibodies, suggesting that proteins from this extract might be suitable for the diagnosis of visceral canine leishmaniasis. Interestingly, the 51 and 97 kDa proteins of Leishmania were widely recognized (77.8% to 100%) among all antigenic panels tested, supporting their potential use for immunodiagnosis. Finally, we identified several leishmanial antigens that might be useful for routine diagnosis and seroepidemiological studies of the visceral canine leishmaniasis.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Leishmania/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Proteínas de Protozoários/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/classificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Reações Cruzadas , Cães , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/métodos , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Soros Imunes/imunologia , Immunoblotting , Fatores Imunológicos , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/parasitologia , Proteínas de Protozoários/classificação , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Testes Sorológicos/veterinária , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 179-5, an ornithine decarboxylase mutant (spe-1), showed several ultrastructural abnormalities when cultivated in the absence of polyamines. Besides the appearance of microvacuole-like spaces in the cytoplasm and of deformed nuclei, the most important alterations seemed to be located in the cell wall, which was thicker and of heterogeneous texture, and in the cell membrane, of irregular contour. These modifications could not be evoked by general stress conditions elicited by lack of nutrients. The relative levels of cell wall polysaccharides were altered in polyamine-deprived organisms, giving an envelope with increased mannan and decreased glucan content; this cell wall was incompletely attacked by the lytic enzyme zymolyase. Polyamine depletion led also to some abnormalities in the budding pattern. The above observations suggest the involvement of polyamines in the correct structure and organization of the yeast cell.