RESUMO
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents around 25% of adult acute leukemias. Despite the increasing improvement in the survival rate of ALL patients during the last decade, the heterogeneous clinical and molecular features of this malignancy still represent a major challenge for treatment and achieving better outcomes. To identify aberrantly expressed genes in bone marrow (BM) samples from adults with ALL, transcriptomic analysis was performed using Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 (HTA 2.0). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (±2-fold change, p-value < 0.05, and FDR < 0.05) were detected using the Transcriptome Analysis Console. Gene Ontology (GO), Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were employed to identify gene function and define the enriched pathways of DEGs. The protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of DEGs were constructed. A total of 871 genes were differentially expressed, and DNTT, MYB, EBF1, SOX4, and ERG were the top five up-regulated genes. Meanwhile, the top five down-regulated genes were PTGS2, PPBP, ADGRE3, LUCAT1, and VCAN. An association between ERG, CDK6, and SOX4 expression levels and the probability of relapse and death was observed. Regulation of the immune system, immune response, cellular response to stimulus, as well as apoptosis signaling, inflammation mediated by chemokines and cytokines, and T cell activation were among the most altered biological processes and pathways, respectively. Transcriptome analysis of ALL in adults reveals a group of genes consistently associated with hematological malignancies and underscores their relevance in the development of ALL in adults.
Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Humanos , Transcriptoma , Biomarcadores , Recidiva , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Biologia Computacional , Fatores de Transcrição SOXCRESUMO
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common kind of pediatric cancer. Although the cure rates in ALL have significantly increased in developed countries, still 15-20% of patients relapse, with even higher rates in developing countries. The role of non-coding RNA genes as microRNAs (miRNAs) has gained interest from researchers in regard to improving our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying ALL development, as well as identifying biomarkers with clinical relevance. Despite the wide heterogeneity reveled in miRNA studies in ALL, consistent findings give us confidence that miRNAs could be useful to discriminate between leukemia linages, immunophenotypes, molecular groups, high-risk-for-relapse groups, and poor/good responders to chemotherapy. For instance, miR-125b has been associated with prognosis and chemoresistance in ALL, miR-21 has an oncogenic role in lymphoid malignancies, and the miR-181 family can act either as a oncomiR or tumor suppressor in several hematological malignancies. However, few of these studies have explored the molecular interplay between miRNAs and their targeted genes. This review aims to state the different ways in which miRNAs could be involved in ALL and their clinical implications.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Criança , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Hematopoese/genética , RecidivaRESUMO
Being compassionate and empathic while making rational decisions is expected from healthcare workers across different contexts. But the daily challenges that these workers face, aggravated by the recent COVID-19 crisis, can give rise to compassion and decision fatigue, which affects not only their ability to meet these expectations but has a significant negative impact on their wellbeing. Hence, it is vital to identify factors associated to their exhaustion. Here, we sought to describe levels of compassion and decision fatigue during the pandemic, and to identify factors related to these forms of exhaustion. We collected data using self-reported questionnaires to measure compassion fatigue, decision fatigue, and grit in five intervals from April to November, 2020 (N = 856). Our results showed a negative correlation between grit and compassion and decision fatigue. We also found that under the circumstances studied grit tends to be higher in technicians, nurses, other professionals (psychologists, social workers), and workers at the Emergency Room (ER), and lower in general practitioners. Compassion fatigue tend to be higher for technicians, whereas decision fatigue was lower for specialists, general practitioners, and technicians, and higher for those working at private hospitals.
Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional , COVID-19 , Fadiga de Compaixão , Humanos , Fadiga de Compaixão/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Empatia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Pessoal de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Satisfação no Emprego , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout the world led to a global public health and economic crisis triggering an urgent need for the development of low-cost vaccines, therapies and high-throughput detection assays. In this work, we used a combination of Ideal-Filter Capillary Electrophoresis SELEX (IFCE-SELEX), Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and binding assays to isolate and validate single-stranded DNA aptamers that can specifically recognize the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein. Two selected non-competing DNA aptamers, C7 and C9 were successfully used as sensitive and specific biological recognition elements for the development of electrochemical and fluorescent aptasensors for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein with detection limits of 0.07 fM and 41.87 nM, respectively.
Assuntos
Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos , COVID-19 , Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos/genética , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Técnica de Seleção de Aptâmeros , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/análise , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/genética , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/metabolismoRESUMO
The obvious contrast between the remarkable durability and the high consumption of plastic products leads to the deposition of at least 100 million tons of plastics per year in nature. Since 2010, several studies have shown the potential of insect larvae to biodegrade different types of plastics, at higher rates than those reported for microorganisms. This review discusses a compilation of studies about the consumption and biodegradation of hydrocarbon-based plastics, particularly PE, PS, PP and PVC, by lepidopteran and coleopteran larvae. Insects of the Coleoptera order seem to have a better adaptation for PS biodegradation, while those of the Lepidoptera order can better biodegrade PE. Tenebrio molitor biomineralize PE and PS into CO2, and PVC into HCl; while Tenebrio obscurus and Zophobas atratus converts PE and PS into CO2, respectively. Plastic biodegradation by T. molitor has been shown to be dependent on microbiota, exception for PE. Similar PS and PE biodegradation profile has been shown for T. obscurus. PS, PP and PE biodegradation by Z. atratus is also reported to be microbial-dependent. For Galleria mellonella, microbial role on PE biodegradation is still controversial, but the PS metabolism was proved to be microbiota-independent. Advances in this field has stimulated new studies with other insect species, which need to be better explored. Uncovering and understanding the chemical processes behind the innate plastic biodegradation by insect larvae will open the perspective to new eco-friendly innovative biotechnological solutions for the challenge of plastic waste.
Assuntos
Plásticos , Tenebrio , Animais , Biodegradação Ambiental , Hidrocarbonetos , Insetos , LarvaRESUMO
Resumo A partir da análise do preenchimento do quesito raça/cor do Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais do Governo Federal (CadÚnico), realizado por entrevistadoras sociais em um Centro de Referência de Assistência Social, este artigo objetiva discutir o tensionamento racial presente no campo da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS). Assumindo uma política investigativa pautada nos estudos da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade e da Teoria Ator-Rede, utilizamos o registro de diários de campo como ferramenta à produção de dados sobre o referido preenchimento. Nesse percurso, assinalamos que o racismo brasileiro e as ambiguidades ligadas ao quesito raça/cor se atualizam no preenchimento do CadÚnico, implicando diferentes performances à produção da autodeclaração racial. Frente a isso, a compreensão das questões raciais nos processos socioterritoriais e subjetivos, que atravessam os serviços da PNAS, é fundamental ao desenvolvimento de práticas ao exercício da cidadania que não corroborem com manutenção da desigualdade racial brasileira.
Resumen A partir del análisis del llenado de la pregunta raza/color del Registro Único de Programas Sociales del Gobierno Federal (CadÚnico), realizado por entrevistadores sociales en un Centro de Referencia de Asistencia Social, este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la tensión racial presente en la Política Nacional de Asistencia Social (PNAS). Asumiendo una política de investigación basada en los estudios de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad y la Teoría Actor-Red, utilizamos el registro de diarios de campo como herramienta para la producción de datos sobre dicho relleno. De esta manera, señalamos que el racismo brasileño y las ambigüedades relacionadas con la raza/color se actualizan en el llenado del CadÚnico, lo que implica diferentes actuaciones en la producción de la autodeclaración racial. Así, la comprensión de las cuestiones raciales en los procesos socio-territoriales y subjetivos que atraviesan los servicios del PNAS es fundamental para el desarrollo de prácticas para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía que no corroboren el mantenimiento de la desigualdad racial en Brasil.
Abstract Based on the analysis of the filling out of the race/color question of the Federal Government Registry for the Social Programs (CadÚnico), carried out by social interviewers at a Social Assistance Reference Center, this article aims to discuss the racial tension present in the field of National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS). Assuming an investigative policy based on the studies of Science, Technology and Society and the Actor-Network Theory, we used field diaries registers as a tool for the production of data on the aforementioned filling. We point out that Brazilian racism and the ambiguities related to race/color are updated in filling out the CadÚnico, implying different performances in the production of racial self-declaration. In this view, the understanding of racial issues in the socio-territorial and subjective processes that cross the PNAS services is fundamental to the development of practices for the exercise of citizenship that do not corroborate the maintenance of Brazilian racial inequality.
Assuntos
Humanos , Serviço Social , Sistema de Registros , Grupos Raciais , Participação Social , Racismo , Programas SociaisRESUMO
Objetivo: Identificar o perfil da população que buscou a Profilaxia Pré-Exposição ao HIV (PrEP) no Paraná e, entre os usuários da PrEP, avaliar modificações nos comportamentos de risco de adquirir infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST's), além de alterações nos exames laboratoriais de monitoramento. Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva com dados secundários obtidos do Sistema de Controle Logístico de Medicamentos acessados em 2018 e 2019. Investigou-se o perfil sociodemográfico da população que buscou a PrEP, de forma a correlacioná-lo aos segmentos prioritários para o uso do medicamento profilático. Entre os usuários, avaliaram-se dados comportamentais, testes diagnósticos para IST's, funções renal e hepática referentes a diferentes momentos no decorrer do uso. Os resultados comparados deram-se por meio dos testes Wilcoxon e Exato de Fisher. Resultados: 255 pessoas buscaram a PrEP. Predominaram-se o sexo masculino (92,28%), homossexuais (78,04%), de 20 a 39 anos (83,53%), brancos (71,76%), com 12 ou mais anos de estudo (74,90%). Para uso da PrEP elegeram-se 188 pessoas. Entre estas, durante o uso, observou-se aumento de práticas sexuais sem preservativo (p=0,012), diminuição no número de parceiros e do consumo de álcool (p=0,001), aumento da atividade de enzimas hepáticas ALT/AST (p=0,018), sem diferença no diagnóstico do HIV e outras IST's. Conclusão: Homens que fazem sexo com homens predominaram na busca pela profilaxia. Entre os usuários da PrEP, apesar do aumento de práticas sexuais desprotegidas, não houve aumento do diagnóstico de IST's no período do estudo. O medicamento da PrEP demonstrou bom perfil de segurança nos exames laboratoriais de seguimento.
Objective: To identify the profile of the population that sought HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Paraná; and assess, among PrEP users, changes in risk behaviors for acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as well as changes in monitoring laboratory tests. Methods: Retrospective cohort with secondary data obtained from the Drug Logistics Control System accessed in 2018 and 2019. The sociodemographic profile of the population that sought PrEP was investigated to correlate it with priority segments for the use of prophylactic medication. Among users, behavioral data, diagnostic tests for STIs, kidney, and liver functions were evaluated at different times during use. The results were compared using the Wilcoxon and Fisher's Exact tests. Results: 255 people sought PrEP. Males predominated (92.28%), homosexuals (78.04%), from 20 to 39 years old (83.53%),white people (71.76%), with 12 or more years of schooling (74.90%). For the use of PrEP, 188 people were elected. Among them, during the usage, was noticed an increase in sexual practices without a condom (p=0.012), a decrease in the number of partners and alcohol consumption (p=0.001), an increase in the activity of liver enzymes ALT/AST (p=0.018), with no difference in the diagnosis of HIV and other STI's. Conclusion: Men who have sex with men predominated in the search for prophylaxis. Among PrEP users, despite the increase in unprotected sexual practices, there was no increase in the diagnosis of STIs during the study period; PrEP drugs showed a good safety profile in follow-up laboratory tests.
Objetivo: Identificar el perfil de la población que fue en busca de la Profilaxis pre-exposición al VIH (PrEP) en Paraná y, de entre los usuarios de la PrEP, evaluar los cambios de conducta de riesgo para tener infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) además de las alteraciones de las pruebas de laboratorios para el monitoreo. Métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva con datos secundarios del Sistema de Control Logístico de Medicamentos con acceso en 2018 y 2019. Se investigó el perfil sociodemográfico de la población que fue en busca de la PrEP, para correlacionarlo con los segmentos prioritarios para el uso del medicamento profiláctico. De los usuarios se ha evaluado los datos comportamentales, las pruebas de diagnósticos para las ITS, las funciones renales y hepática referente a distintos momentos durante el uso. Los resultados comparados se han dado a través de las pruebas de Wilcoxon y el Exacta de Fisher. Resultados: 255 personas han buscado la PrEP. Hubo el predominio para el sexo masculino (92,28%), homosexuales (78,04%), entre los 20 y 39 años (83,53%), blancos (71,76%), con 12 o más años de estudio (74,90%). Se há elegido 188 personas para el uso de la PrEP. De entre ellas, durante el uso, se observó el aumento de las prácticas sexuales sin condón (p=0,012), la disminución del número de compañeros y del consumo del alcohol (p=0,001), el aumento de la actividad de enzimas hepáticas ALT/AST (p=0,018), sin diferencia en el diagnóstico del VIH y de otras ITS. Conclusión: Los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres prevalecieron para la búsqueda de la profilaxis. De entre los usuarios de la PrEP, a pesar del aumento de las prácticas sexuales sin protección no hubo el aumento del diagnóstico de ITS en el período del estudio. El medicamento de la PrEP demostró un perfil bueno de seguridad en las pruebas de laboratorios de seguimiento.
Assuntos
HIV , Profilaxia Pré-Exposição , Saúde da População , Medicamentos SintéticosRESUMO
Interest in nanostructures such as titanate nanotubes (TNT) has grown notably in recent years due to their biocompatibility and economic viability, making them promising for application in the biomedical field. Quercetin (Qc) has shown great potential as a chemopreventive agent and has been widely studied for the treatment of diseases such as bladder cancer. Motivated by the possibilities of developing a new hybrid nanostructure with potential in biomedical applications, this study aimed to investigate the incorporation of quercetin in sodium (NaTNT) and zinc (ZnTNT) titanate nanotubes, and characterize the nanostructures formed. Qc release testing was also performed and cytotoxicity in Vero and T24 cell lines evaluated by the MTT assay. The effect of TNTs on T24 bladder cancer cell radiosensitivity was also assessed, using cell proliferation and a clonogenic assay. The TNT nanostructures were synthesized and characterized by FESEM, EDS, TEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA. The results showed that the nanostructures have a tubular structure and that the exchange of Na+ ions for Zn2+ and incorporation of quercetin did not alter this morphology. In addition, interaction between Zn and Qc increased the thermal stability of the nanostructures. The release test showed that maximum Qc delivery occurred after 24 h and the presence of Zn controlled its release. Biological assays indicated that the NaTNTQc and ZnTNTQc nanostructures decreased the viability of T24 cells after 48 h at high concentrations. Furthermore, the clonogenic assay showed that NaTNT, NaTNTQc, ZnTNT and ZnTNTQc combined with 5 Gy reduced the formation of polyclonal colonies of T24 cells after 48 h. The results suggest that the nanostructures synthesized in this study interfere in cell proliferation and can therefore be a powerful tool in the treatment of bladder cancer.
Assuntos
Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Nanotubos/química , Quercetina/farmacologia , Radiossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Titânio/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Humanos , Nanotubos/ultraestrutura , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , TermogravimetriaRESUMO
Drosophila melanogaster is a suitable model for toxicological studies of environmental pollutants including pesticides, which are known to produce adverse effects on the ecosystem. The aim of the present study was to investigate the adverse influence of the pesticide Palace®, a mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and picloram, using D. melanogaster as a model organism. D. melanogaster larvae were exposed to 0.011%, 0.022%, 0.112%, 0.224%, and 1.12% of Palace® and development examined. Adult flies were treated with 0.224%, 1.12%, 2.24%, 11.2%, and 22.4% of Palace® and the following analyzed survival, locomotor behavior, acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, total and non-protein thiol levels, and mitochondrial function. Data demonstrated that exposure of flies during larval stage to Palace® significantly affected development of larvae to the adult stage. In adults, treatment with Palace® resulted in dose-dependent progressive adverse effects on survival and behavior with males more sensitive than females. In both males and females, ROS production and AchE activity were not markedly affected by Palace®. However, total thiol levels increased in female heads treated with highest dilution of Palace®, while decreased levels of non-protein thiols were detected in heads of male flies following Palace® exposure. In females and males flies exposed to Palace® reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption related to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) state, mitochondrial capacity of excess (E-P) and respiratory control ratio (RCR) was noted, indicating that the pesticide mixture altered mitochondrial complexes functionality with consequences on bioenergetics. In summary, Palace® exposure produced adverse effects on D. melanogaster affecting survival, development, behavior and mitochondrial function, which may exert ecotoxicological consequences which poses risks to different organisms in the ecosystem.
RESUMO
The complete mutational spectrum of dystrophinopathies and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) remains unknown in Mexican population. Seventy-two unrelated Mexican male patients (73% of pediatric age) with clinical suspicion of muscular dystrophy and no evidence of DMD gene deletion on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) analysis were analyzed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Those with a normal result were subjected to Sanger sequencing or to next-generation sequencing for DMD plus 10 selected LGMD-related genes. We achieved a diagnostic genotype in 80.5% (n = 58/72) of patients with predominance of dystrophinopathy-linked genotypes (68%, n = 49/72), followed by autosomal recessive LGMD-related genotypes (types 2A-R1, 2C-R5, 2E-R4, 2D-R3 and 2I-R9; 12.5%, n = 9/72). MLPA showed 4.2% of false-negatives for DMD deletions assessed by mPCR. Among the small DMD variants, 96.5% (n = 28/29) corresponded to null-alleles, most of which (72%) were inherited through a carrier mother. The FKRP p.[Leu276Ile]; [Asn463Asp] genotype is reported for the first time in Mexican patients as being associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Absence of dysferlinopathies could be related to the small sample size and/or the predominantly pediatric age of patients. The employed strategy seems to be an affordable diagnosis approach for Mexican muscular dystrophy male patients and their families.
Assuntos
Distrofina/genética , Testes Genéticos/normas , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/genética , Mutação , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Reações Falso-Negativas , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , México , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/normas , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/patologia , Pentosiltransferases/genéticaRESUMO
Waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) are interesting materials for coatings when compared to solvent-based polyurethanes, once that reducing the concentration of volatile organic compounds that are harmful for human health and the environment. However, the WPU has low weathering resistance. In order to improve this behavior among others properties, inorganic fillers has been added in these systems. SiO2 particles from various sources, mainly, from agro-industrial waste, as rice husk has attracted the scientific and technological interest. In this study, the accelerated weathering essay was performed in waterborne polyurethane (WPU)/ silica (from rice husk ash) composites in order to evaluate the thermal and physical changes in these materials. These composites were prepared by two distinct methods: in situ polymerization and blending method. The highest resistance to thermal degradation and to accelerated weathering was reached with WPU/silica composites obtained by blending method due the interactions between SiO2 particles and the polymer matrices. Blending method for preparation WPU/silica composites proved to be a simpler and faster method, with no drawback for large scale application.
RESUMO
Acute leukemia (AL) is the main type of cancer in children worldwide. Mortality by this disease is high in developing countries and its etiology remains unanswered. Evidences showing the role of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathophysiology of hematological malignancies have increased drastically in the last decade. In addition to the contribution of these lncRNAs in leukemogenesis, recent studies have suggested that lncRNAs could be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response in leukemia patients. The focus of this review is to describe the functional classification, biogenesis, and the role of lncRNAs in leukemogenesis, to summarize the evidence about the lncRNAs which are playing a role in AL, and how these genes could be useful as potential therapeutic targets.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Animais , Regulação Leucêmica da Expressão Gênica , Estudos de Associação Genética , Hematopoese , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/diagnóstico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/metabolismo , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapiaRESUMO
AIM: To compare the results of the water used to bath infarcted patients in bed under oxy-hemodynamic variables. METHOD: This research uses a 2X2 crossover of the interventions: bed bath with constant water temperature at 40°C (BB1) and 42.5°C (BB2) in 20 patients who had acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Dependent variables are: pulse oximetry, cardiac frequency (CF) and axillary temperature (Axt). The inferential statistics will be used in an analysis of the variations found repeated throughout the sample, as well as the Bonferroni test, with a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: The SpO2 and Axt were higher after BB2 (p<0.05) when compared with BB1. BB2 reduced CF by 1% (p=0.01). DISCUSSION: The individual bath with controlled water temperature is capable of minimizing the oxy-hemodynamic impact. CONCLUSION: The bath with water temperature at 42.5ºC was shown to be more favorable than at 40°C with regard to SpO2, CF and Axt in infarcted patients.
OBJETIVO: Comparar las repercusiones de la temperatura del agua del baño en el lecho del paciente infartado sobre las variables oxi-hemodinámicas. MÉTODO: Crossover 2X2, intervenciones: baño en el lecho con temperatura del agua constante a 40°C (BL1) y 42,5°C (BL2) en 20 pacientes acometidos por infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM). Variables dependientes: oximetría de pulso, frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y temperatura axilar (Tax). Estadística inferencial por el análisis de variancia de medidas repetidas y test de Bonferroni; nivel de significancia de 5%. RESULTADO: La SpO2 y la Tax fue mayor después del BL2 (p<0.05) cuando comparado al BL1. El BL2 redujo la FC en 1% (p=0.01). DISCUSIÓN: El baño individualizado con control de la temperatura del agua es capaz de minimizar el impacto oxi-hemodinámico. CONCLUSIÓN: El baño con temperatura del agua a 42,5ºC se reveló más ventajoso en relación al de 40°C en lo referente al SpO2, FC y Tax en pacientes infartados.
OBJETIVO: Comparar repercussões da temperatura da água do banho no leito do paciente infartado sobre variáveis oxi-hemodinâmicas. MÉTODO: Crossover 2X2, intervenções: banho no leito com temperatura da água constante a 40°C (BL1) e 42,5°C (BL2) em 20 pacientes acometidos por infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Variáveis dependentes: oximetria de pulso, frequência cardíaca (FC) e temperatura axilar (Tax). Estatística inferencial pela análise de variância de medidas repetidas e teste de Bonferroni; nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADO: A SpO2 e Tax foi maior após o BL2 (p<0.05) quando comparado ao BL1. O BL2 reduziu a FC em 1% (p=0.01). DISCUSSÃO: O banho individualizado com controle da temperatura da água é capaz de minimizar o impacto oxi-hemodinâmico. CONCLUSÃO: o banho com temperatura da água a 42,5ºC revelou-se mais vantajoso em relação ao 40°C no que tange ao SpO2, FC e Tax em pacientes infartados.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Banhos/enfermagem , Banhos/estatística & dados numéricos , Regulação da Temperatura Corporal , Enfermagem Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Frequência Cardíaca , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the growth of length-for-age (L/A), weight-for-age (W/A), and body mass index (BMI) of children with cleft lip and palate receiving a normal diet; to establish specific growth curves for children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CLP/ICP) who had not undergone palatoplasty and for children with isolated cleft lip (ICL); and to assess if CLP/ICP growth differed from ICL growth and if CLP/ICP and ICL growth differed from growth for typical children. DESIGN: Prospective and cross-sectional study. SETTING: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight and length of 381 children with cleft lip and palate and who were younger than 2 years were recorded and used to calculate W/A, L/A, and BMI growth curves. The 2006 World Health Organization growth charts were used as a reference for typical children. All children received a normal diet for age. RESULTS: Children with CLP/ICP had median W/A and BMI growth curves below growth curves for typical children but showed spontaneous recovery starting at approximately 5 months of age, even with nonoperated cleft palate. Children with ICL had growth similar to that of typical children. Children with CLP/ICP, who initially had W/A and BMI values less than those of the ICL group, had W/A and BMI equal to or higher than the ICL group after 9 months of age. CONCLUSION: Children with CLP/ICP had impaired W/A and BMI growth with spontaneous recovery starting early in childhood. This study established specific W/A, BMI, and L/A growth curves for children with cleft lip and palate.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Fenda Labial/fisiopatologia , Fissura Palatina/fisiopatologia , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
O estresse é um fator associado ao desenvolvimento de inúmeras enfermidades psíquicas e orgânicas, dentre as quais as cardiopatias. Esse estudo aborda como se caracteriza o estresse no paciente cardiopata hospitalizado e tem como objetivos caracterizar o perfil de pacientes com cardiopatias hospitalizados e descrever os resultados da aplicação da escala fatorial de estresse em pacientes cardiopatas hospitalizados. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo e descritivo, realizado no período de junho a novembro de 2015 com 30 pacientes com cardiopatias internados em enfermarias de clinica médica de um hospital universitário no Estado do Rio de Janeiro por meio de análise documental de prontuários e aplicação da escala fatorial de estresse. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o programa Microsoft Excel® seguido de análise estatística simples. Os dados são apresentados em tabelas, expressos em frequência (n) e percentual (%) para dados categóricos e média ± DP para dados numéricos. Dos 30 participantes do estudo, 16 (53,33%) são mulheres e 14 (46,66%) homens, na faixa etária média de 51,9 anos, sendo 12 (40,00%) casados, 28 (93,33%) com filhos, 9 (30,00%) tendo como fonte de rendimentos a aposentadoria, 17 (56,66%) negros, 14 (46,66%) de origem nos municípios de Niterói e 14 (46,66%) São Gonçalo, 19 (63,33%), tendo como doença cardiovascular de maior prevalência a hipertensão. Quanto aos resultados da aplicação da escala fatorial de estresse, houve predominância de sintomas físicos relacionados ao sistema cardiovascular, com taquicardia 14 (46,66%), aumento de pressão arterial 19 (63,00%), e sintomas respiratórios, com aumento da frequência respiratória 15 (50,00%), dificuldades para respirar 14 (47,00%%) e cansaço constante 18 (60,00%). Sobre os sintomas psicológicos houve predominância de redução na capacidade de concentração 15 (50,00%), mudanças bruscas de humor 17 (56,66%),irritabilidade fácil 15 (50,00%), maior nervosismo 21 (70,00%) e desleixo com a aparência 14 (46,66%). Em analise da associação do estresse com a cardiopatia constatou-se que para cada uma, isoladamente, os sintomas físicos e psicológicos se apresentaram de modo diferenciado, demonstrando a necessidade de estudos direcionados para cada tipo de cardiopatia apresentadas pelos participantes. A aplicação da escala fatorial de estresse evidenciou que a presença do fator de risco estresse possui repercussões físicas e psicológicas que podem interferir na evolução do tratamento de pacientes cardiopatas hospitalizados
Stress is a factor associated with the development of numerous psychic and organic diseases, among which the heart diseases. This study describes how stress is characterized in the hospitalized cardiopathy patient and aims to characterize the profile of patients with hospitalized cardiopathy and to describe the results of the application of the factorial stress scale in hospitalized patients with a heart disease. This is a quantitative and descriptive study, conducted in the period from June to November 2015 with 30 patients with heart diseases admitted to a medical clinic in a university hospital in the State of Rio de Janeiro through documentary analysis of medical records and application of the factorial stress scale. For data analysis, the Microsoft Excel® program was used, followed by simple statistical analysis. Data is presented in charts expressed in frequency (n) and percentage (%) for categorical data and mean ± SD for numerical data. Of the 30 participants in the study, 16 (53.33%) were women and 14 (46.66%) were men, with average of 51.9 years old, 12 (40.00%) being married, 28 (93.33 (56.66%) black, 14 (46.66%) of origin in the boroughs of Niterói and 14 (46.66%) São Gonçalo, 19 (63.33%) with hypertension being the most prevalent cardiovascular disease. Regarding the results of the application of the factorial stress scale, there was predominance of physical symptoms related to the cardiovascular system with tachycardia 14 (46.66%), increased blood pressure 19 (63.00%), and respiratory symptoms, with increased respiratory frequency 15 (50.00%), shortness of breath 14 (47.00%) and constant fatigue 18 (60.00%). About the psychological symptoms, there was predominance of reduction in the ability to concentrate 15 (50.00%), abrupt mood changes 17 (56.66%), easy irritability 15 (50.00%), greater nervousness 21 (70.00%) and sloth with appearance 14 (46.66%). In an analysis of the association of stress with heart disease, it was observed that for each one, the physical and psychological symptoms were presented in a different way, showing the need for studies directed to each type of heart disease presented by the participants. The application of the factorial stress scale showed that the presence of the stress risk factor has physical and psychological repercussions that may interfere in the evolution of the treatment of hospitalized cardiac patients
Assuntos
Cardiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Enfermagem Cardiovascular , Estresse PsicológicoRESUMO
Objetivo Geral: Identificar o risco nutricional em pacientes admitidos nas enfermarias de hematologia e Transplante de Medula Óssea (TMO), no período de junho a agosto de 2014.Objetivo Específico: Identificar o risco nutricional em pacientes admitidos nas enfermarias de hematologia e TMO por meio da aplicação do instrumento de triagem nutricional NRS 2002.
Assuntos
Humanos , Hematologia , Hospitais Universitários , Ciências da Nutrição , Transplante de Medula Óssea , TriagemRESUMO
We studied the karyotypes of two doradids, the rare and endangered Wertheimeria maculata and a derived Amazonian species, Hassar wilderi. Cytogenetic characterization was assessed using conventional staining (Giemsa), C-banding, and NOR banding. Both species had 2n = 58 chromosomes but differed in their chromosome formulae, 24 m + 14sm + 8st + 12a for W. maculata and 32 m + 16sm + 10st for H. wilderi. In W. maculata heterochromatin was mainly telomeric, and three chromosomes had a fully heterochromatic arm; in H. wilderi heterochromatin was also predominantly telomeric and evident in many more chromosomes. Hassar wilderi also presented one pair of homologues with a fully heterochromatic arm. In both species, nucleolar organizer regions were restricted to one pair of subtelocentric chromosomes. Assuming a basal position for W. maculata, we hypothesized that underlying conserved diploid and NOR-bearing chromosome numbers, chromosomal evolution in doradids has involved pericentric inversions and an increase of heterochromatic blocks.
Assuntos
Peixes-Gato/genética , Cromossomos , Evolução Molecular , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Cariotipagem , FilogeniaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Phenytoin and carbamazepine were the antiepileptic drugs most frequently used in Mexico and throughout the world. Epileptic patients who take these drugs have a variety of collateral effects including the decrease of folates plasmatic level. Low seric folic acid concentration has been associated with a decline in cognitive functions. The administration of a combined treatment with folic acid could ameliorate these difficulties. OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of the folic acid in the cognitive function in epileptic patients who take phenytoin and carbamazepine. METHODS: We chose patient who have epilepsy and that are being treated with phenytoin, carbamazepine or both and formed two groups. The study group was treated with a daily dose of 5 mg of folic acid and the control group was administered placebo for a period of six months, with nine patients in each group of same age, sex, education level, epilepsy's evolution, frequency of seizures, EEG abnormalities and antiepileptic drugs plasma levels. We registered data at the beginning (basal) and at the end of the study. RESULTS: Measurements of basal folic acid plasma levels in both groups were under the referential value. The neuropsychological assessment at the beginning (Mini-Barcelona test) showed a deficit in the verbal memory skills in both groups. After six months of treatment with folic acid (study group), the folic acid plasma level was 12.2 mg/mL (p < 0.01) higher than the basal value. Verbal memory test has improved with respect to the basal value (p < 0.05). The numbers of seizures and the plasma levels of the antiepileptic drugs remained unchanged. On the other hand, the group treated with placebo did not improve. CONCLUSION: Treatment with folic acid is safe and without side effects, it improved the cognitive function in patients with epilepsy treated with phenytoin and carbamazepine.
Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Carbamazepina/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Cognitivos/induzido quimicamente , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/induzido quimicamente , Ácido Fólico/uso terapêutico , Fenitoína/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Anticonvulsivantes/administração & dosagem , Anticonvulsivantes/sangue , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Carbamazepina/administração & dosagem , Carbamazepina/sangue , Carbamazepina/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Cognitivos/prevenção & controle , Quimioterapia Combinada , Epilepsia/complicações , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/tratamento farmacológico , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/psicologia , Humanos , Testes de Linguagem , Masculino , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Fenitoína/administração & dosagem , Fenitoína/sangue , Fenitoína/uso terapêutico , Projetos Piloto , Desempenho Psicomotor/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem Verbal/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Introduction. Phenytoin and carbamazepine were the antiepileptic drugs most frequently used in Mexico and throughout the world. Epileptic patients who take these drugs have a variety of collateral effects including the decrease of Mates plas-matic level. Low serie folie acid concentration has been associated with a decline in cognitive functions. The administration of a combined treatment with folie acid could ameliorate these difficulties. Objective.To describe the effect of the folie acid in the cognitive function in epileptic patients who take phenytoin and carbamazepine. Methods. We chose patient who have epilepsy and that are being treated with phenytoin, carbamazepine or both and formed two groups. The study group was treated with a daily dose of 5 mg of folie acid and the control group was administered placebo for a period of six months, with nine patients in each group of same age, sex, education level, epilepsy's evolution, frequency of seizures, EEG abnormalities and antiepileptic drugs plasma levels. We registered data at the beginning (basal) and at the end of the study. Results.Measurements of basal folie acid plasma levels in both groups were under the referential value. The neuropsychological assessment at the beginning (Mini-Barcelona test) showed a deficit in the verbal memory skills in both groups. After six months of treatment with folie acid (study group), the folie acid plasma level was 12.2 mg/mL (p < 0.01) higher than the basal value. Verbal memory test has improved with respect to the basal value (p < 0.05). The numbers of seizures and the plasma levels of the antiepileptic drugs remained unchanged. On the other hand, the group treated with placebo did not improve. Conclusion.Treatment with folie acid is safe and without side effects, it improved the cognitive function in patients with epilepsy treated with phenytoin and carbamazepine.
Introducción. La difenilhidantoína (DFH) y la carbamazepina (CBZ) son los antiepilépticos más empleados en México y en el mundo, los pacientes con epilepsia que emplean estos fármacos presentan una disminución en las concentraciones séricas de ácido fólico, una de las causas que pueden contribuir a un deterioro cognitivo, por lo que la terapia sustitutiva con ácido fólico pudiera mejorar estas alteraciones. Objetivo. Describir el efecto de la disminución del ácido fólico en la cognición de pacientes con epilepsia tratados con difenilhidantoína y carbamazepina. Material y métodos. Incluimos pacientes tratados con carbamazepina, fenitoína o ambos, con epilepsia. Formamos dos grupos: Un grupo experimental recibió ácido fólico 5 mg/día y otro grupo control recibió placebo durante seis meses, nueve pacientes en cada grupo; pareados en la edad, sexo, escolaridad, tiempo de evolución, námero de crisis, alteraciones EEG, niveles séricos de anticonvulsivos, realizamos estudios neuropsicológicos al inicio (básales) y al final del estudio a ambos grupos. Resultados. Las básales del ácido fólico en ambos grupos estuvieron por debajo del valor de referencias. En las pruebas neuropsicológicas (básales) (prueba de Mini-Barcelona) se halló un déficit en el área de la memoria verbal en ambos grupos. Después de seis meses de tratamiento con ácido fólico (grupo experimental) los niveles de ácido fólico alcanzaron 12.2 ng/mL (p < 0.01) con respecto a su basal; las pruebas de memoria verbal mejoraron con respecto a su basal (p < 0.05); el námero de crisis y los niveles séricos de los anticonvulsivos no se modificaron. El grupo con placebo no presentó ninguna mejoría. Conclusiones. El tratamiento coadyuvante con ácido fólico es seguro, libre de efectos adversos y mejoró las alteraciones cognitivas (memoria verbal) de estos pacientes.