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Antipsychotic (AP) use has been associated to QT interval prolongation on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Our study aimed to determine the incidence of corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation among patients admitted to a psychiatric hospitalization unit requiring AP treatment and to assess the relationship between administered dose and QTc interval changes. We enrolled 179 patients admitted to the Hospital Psiquiátrico Departamental Universitario del Valle in Cali, Colombia. ECGs were conducted upon admission, and again at 3 and 7 days postadmission. The QT interval was measured, and QTc interval correction was performed using Bazzet's formula. QTc interval prolongation at time points B or C was observed in 9.5% of patients. Clozapine was the most common AP associated with QTc interval prolongation (20.59%), followed by olanzapine (15.38%). The relative risk of QT interval prolongation with clozapine compared to haloperidol was 4.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.14-15.17, Pâ =â 0.02). AP use upon hospital admission was linked to early (within 3 days) QTc interval prolongation. Clozapine and olanzapine were associated with a greater increase in QTc interval compared to haloperidol, indicating a need for rigorous electrocardiographic monitoring with their use.
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Introducción: La Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), es una patología neurodegenerativa progresiva que afecta la memoria y otras funciones cognitivas. Hasta ahora no existen tratamientos curativos ni modificadores de la enfermedad, por lo que el manejo está centrado en la prevención y en el tratamiento de factores que puedan contribuir a su evolución; las herramientas farmacológicas son escasas y tienen efectos modestos en la ralentización de la enfermedad. Se propone realizar una breve biografía de Oskar Fischer, describir el conflicto con Alois Alzheimer que se identifica en documentos científicos y mencionar los principales elementos de la teoría de Oskar Fischer. Método: Se realizó una revisión narrativa en las bases de datos Scielo, PubMed y Lilacs, con los términos "Oskar Fischer" y se encontró quince artículos publicados entre 1906 a 2023, los cuales fueron resumidos por los autores GS y NR. El artículo fue posteriormente revisado por los demás autores. Resultados: Se organizaron en secciones, partiendo con una breve biografía del autor, su interacción con Alois Alzheimer y un resumen de su teoría; lo descrito por Oskar Fischer en términos de las estructuras de placas y ovillos se considera como una de las principales teorías fisiopatológicas de la EA. Conclusiones: Oskar Fisher hizo un aporte invaluable y planteó conceptos clásicos con respecto a la EA, que, si bien no le valieron para ser reconocido en la posteridad, han permitido que en las investigaciones posteriores sea de gran importancia repensar estos conceptos e incluir otras posibilidades e hipótesis, para continuar en la profundización del conocimiento de la enfermedad.
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative pathology that affects memory and other cognitive functions. Until now, there are no curative or disease-modifying treatments, so management is focused on prevention and treatment of factors that may contribute to its evolution; pharmacological tools are scarce and have modest effects in slowing the disease. It is proposed to make a brief biography of Oskar Fischer, describe the conflict with Alois Alzheimer that is identified in scientific documents and mention the main elements of Oskar Fischer's theory. Method: A narrative review was carried out in the Scielo, PubMed and Lilacs databases, with the terms "Oskar Fischer" and fifteen articles published between 1906 and 2023 were found, which were summarized by the authors GS and NR. The article was subsequently reviewed by the other authors. Results: They were organized in sections, starting with a brief biography of the author, his interaction with Alois Alzheimer and a summary of his theory; what was described by Oskar Fischer in terms of the structures of plaques and tangles is considered one of the main pathophysiological theories of AD. Conclusions: Oskar Fisher made an invaluable contribution and raised classic concepts regarding AD, which, although they did not earn him recognition in posterity, have allowed subsequent research to be of great importance to rethink these concepts and include other possibilities and hypotheses, to continue deepening the knowledge of the disease.
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The presence of foam and bubbles during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) obscures the view of gastric lesions. Objective: To assess the confidence of a gastric cleansing scale in UGE. Methods: Prospective, multicenter study. The instrument was administered to patients undergoing a UGE examination. For the gastric visualization scale, the stomach was divided in 4 parts and a 1-4 scale was used to classify each part, with a total score of 4 (optimal view of gastric mucosa) and 16 (poor view of gastric mucosa), assessed by 2 independent endoscopists. An initial cleansing score was obtained and later, after cleansing of each studied section, and total. Inter-observer concordance was established by means of Kappa test, and the agreement on the global cleansing score was established with the Bland-Altman plot. Results: 53 patients went under UGE, with an average age of 48,7 years and 62,3 percent female subjects. The main indication for performing the UGE examination was gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (32.1 percent). Average duration of the procedure was 13.6 minutes. The average total gastrointestinal view before cleansing with water was 6.26 points (scale from 4 to 16) and 5.1 points (p < 0.001) after cleansing. 37.7 percent required at least 50 cc of water for cleansing. The difference in the pre and post cleansing score inter-observers was no different of 0. Kappa value obtained in gastric fundus, upper body, lower body and antrum before cleansing was 0.81; 0.71; 0.9 and 0.8, respectively. Kappa value obtained after cleansing of gastric fundus, upper body, lower body and antrum was 0.84; 0.65; 0.81 and 0.78; respectively. The mean difference between inter-observer scores before cleansing was 0.08 (p = 0.51), and after cleansing, 0.02 (p = 0.78)...
La presencia de espuma y burbujas durante la endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) es una limitante para la visualización de lesiones gástricas. Objetivo: Evaluar la confiabilidad de una escala de clasificación de limpieza gástrica en EDA. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, multicéntrico. Se aplicó el instrumento a pacientes que estaban agendados para EDA. Para la clasificación de visualización gástrica, el estómago se dividió en 4 porciones y se utilizó una escala de 1 a 4 por porción, sumando un puntaje total entre 4 (óptima visualización de la mucosa) y 16 (pobre visualización de ésta), evaluada por 2 endoscopistas independientes. Se obtuvo un puntaje de limpieza inicial y luego de la limpieza con agua de cada segmento estudiado y total. La concordancia inter-observador se estableció por medio del test de Kappa y el acuerdo para el puntaje global de limpieza fue establecido mediante el gráfico de Bland-Altman. Resultados: 53 pacientes fueron sometidos a EDA, con edad promedio de 48,7 años y 62,3 por ciento de sexo femenino. La principal indicación de EDA fue enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (32,1 por ciento). El tiempo promedio del procedimiento fue 13,6 min. El promedio de visualización gástrica total previo a limpieza con agua fue de 6,26 puntos (escala 4 a 16) y post limpieza 5,1 puntos (p < 0,001). Para la limpieza el 37,7 por ciento requirió al menos 50 cc de agua. La diferencia de puntaje de visualización pre y post limpieza inter observador no fue distinta de 0. En fondo gástrico, cuerpo alto, cuerpo bajo y antro se obtuvo un valor de Kappa previo a limpieza de 0,81; 0,71; 0,9 y 0,8, respectivamente. El valor de Kappa posterior a limpieza en fondo gástrico, cuerpo alto, cuerpo bajo y antro fue 0,84; 0,65; 0,81 y 0,78, respectivamente. La diferencia media de los puntajes inter-observadores previos a la limpieza gástrica fue de 0,08 (p = 0,51) y posterior a la limpieza gástrica fue de 0,02 (p = 0,78)...
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Lavagem Gástrica/métodos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that comprise neurofibromas, schwannomas, neurilemmomas, and perineuromas. In animals, peripheral nerve sheath neoplasms are most commonly diagnosed in dogs and cattle, followed by horses, goats, and cats, but their occurrence is uncommon in birds. An adult, free-living, male toco (common) toucan (Ramphastos toco) was admitted to the zoo animal clinic with weight loss, dehydration, and presence of a soft nodule adhered to the medial portion of the left pectoral muscle. Clinical, cytologic, and computed tomography scan results were indicative of a neoplasm. The toucan died during surgical resection of the mass. Necropsy, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the diagnosis of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor. To our knowledge, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor has not previously been reported in a toucan or any other species in the order Piciformes.
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Doenças das Aves/patologia , Aves , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural/veterinária , Animais , Animais SelvagensRESUMO
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune pathology caused by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible people, currently considered multisystemic. The treatment of CD is a lifelong strict Gluten-Free Diet (GFD), which allows a symptomatic improvement in most patients and achieve intestinal mucosa healing confirmed with histological study. The adherence to the GFD is variable, arguing as possible factors related to failure the economic, cultural, social aspects and the consumption of gluten inadvertently. The management of celiac patients contemplates instructing in the proper follow-up of GFD and evaluating their adherence. So far, the only way to assess adherence to GFD is through surveys, self-reports of eating habits and serology, being the main disadvantage the subjectivity factor. Recently the immunogenic gluten peptides have acquired relevance for the objective evaluation of the adherence to the GFD and the measurement appears as an efficient and sensitive option to determine the gluten intake, providing relevant information for the clinical management.
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Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Doença Celíaca/imunologia , Glutens/análise , Glutens/metabolismo , Peptídeos/análise , Peptídeos/imunologiaRESUMO
Inflammatory bowel disease includes Crohn´s disease, ulcerative colitis and unclassified colitis. Conventional therapies used for treating these diseases are often insufficient orcontraindicated and biological agents have proved to be effective and safe in these cases. Infliximab is a quimeric IgG1 monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody that is capableof inducing and mantaining clinical remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Despite its proven efficacy a considerable group of patients lose response requiring changesin therapy. Serum Infliximab trough levels are correlated with clinical response, endoscopic remission and mucosal healing in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Monitoring and adjusting therapy guided by drug serum levels have proved to be more cost-effective and safer than empiric adjustments. Current international guidelines recommend the measurement of Infliximab trough levels in the global evaluation and management of these patients to improve treatment, avoid adverse events and unnecessary costs.
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Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Infliximab/farmacocinética , Infliximab/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Actualmente en Chile es necesario determinar la aproximación fonoaudiológica al concepto de Demencia Tipo Alzheimer y las herramientas de evaluación cognitivas y sociales utilizadas por fonoaudiólogos, ya que debido al aumento de la población de adultos mayores, existe un incremento de patologías neurodegenerativas. Por esto, el objetivo del estudio es caracterizar el abordaje fonoaudiológico en la Demencia Tipo Alzheimer. Metodológicamente, la investigación se efectuó desde una perspectiva descriptiva y transversal, por medio de una encuesta aplicada a 26 fonoaudiólogos para conocer su metodología de trabajo. Los resultados generales evidenciaron que el 43 por ciento de los fonoaudiólogos encuestados define la demencia como un síndrome y que la mayoría utiliza protocolos de evaluación de lenguaje y cognición; además, se determinó que utilizan la escala Frontal Assessment Battery, pero no la escala de Tinetti (evaluación de marcha y equilibrio); desde el punto de vista de la terapia, el 79 por ciento utiliza el programa potencializado, el 54 por ciento usa enfoques combinados directo e indirecto, un 88 por ciento utiliza la estrategia de compensación y el 77 por ciento la facilitación. Por último, los encuestados realizan la intervención a través de un equipo multidisciplinario, demostrando la importancia del abordaje en conjunto para esta patología...
Currently, in Chile, it is necessary to determine the speech therapists approach towards Dementia of the Alzheimers Type and cognitive and social evaluation tools used by Speech Therapist. Due to the fact that the number and proportion of older adults have increased, neurodegenerative pathologies are also on the rise. The aim of the present study is to describe the speech therapist approach in Dementia of the Alzheimers Type. A descriptive and cross-sectional perspective was used. 26 speech therapists were surveyed to find out the procedures they follow when treating patients with this pathology. Data analysis showed that43 percent of speech therapists define dementia as a syndrome and that most of them use language and cognitive assessment protocols. The use of the Frontal Assessment Battery instead of Tinettis scale (Patients Gait & Balance Assessment) was also observed. Regarding therapeutic approach, 79 percent use a potentiating programme, 54 percent use both a direct and an indirect approach, 88 percent use compensatory strategy, and 77 percent use a facilitation strategy. Finally, therapists treat this type of patients as part of a multidisciplinary team, which shows and highlights the importance of a group approach to this pathology...
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Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Fonoaudiologia , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a globally prevalent pathogen and a leading cause of death and morbidity. The most recent estimates of disease burden show an increase in seroprevalence over the last 15 years to 2.8 percent, equating to >185 million infections worldwide. Persistent hepatitis C infection is associated with the development of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer, liver failure and death. The magnitude of disease progression in chronic infection varies significantly among individuals. Several factors have been recognized as being associated with the progression of HCV-related liver fibrosis and with clinical outcomes. As liver fibrosis progression remains variable between individuals with similar environmental or virological risks, host genetic predispositions have been suggested as another critical determinant. The single nucleotide polymorphisms in Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) and Transmembrane 6 Superfamily Member 2 (TM6SF2) genes are genetic determinants of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, in terms of inflammation and fibrosis. The possible action of the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms on fibrosis development in chronic hepatis C is being studied, with controversial results.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fibrose/genética , Hepatite C/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This study examined rates of tumor progression in treatment-naive patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as determined by repeat treatment-planning fluorine-18 ((18)F) fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study assessed patients who underwent PET/CT simulation for NSCLC stage II/III, radiation-naive, nonmetastatic NSCLC. It compared planning PET/CT with previous PET/CT images. Patients were analyzed for change in stage, treatment intent, or both. Progression was defined as a change in TNM status leading to upstaging, and standardized uptake value (SUV) velocity was defined as [(SUVscan2 - SUVscan1)/interscan interval in days]. RESULTS: Of 149 consecutive patients examined between April 2009 and April 2011, 47 had prior PET/CT scans and were included. The median age was 68 years. New nodal disease or metastatic disease was identified in 24 (51%) of 47 patients. Fourteen (30%) had evidence of extrathoracic metastatic disease; the remaining 10 (21%) had new nodal disease that required substantial alteration of treatment fields. At a scan interval of 20 days, the rate of upstaging was 17%. SUV velocity was analyzed in the subset of patients who had their studies on the identical PET/CT scanner (n = 14). Nonupstaged patients had a mean SUV velocity of 0.074 units per day, compared with 0.11 units per day in patients that were upstaged by their second PET/CT scan (P = .020). CONCLUSION: Radiation treatment planning with hybrid PET/CT scans repeated within 120 days of an initial staging PET/CT scan identified significant upstaging in more than half of patients. For a subset of patients who underwent both scans on the same instrument, SUV velocity predicts upstaging, and the difference between those upstaged and those not was statistically significant.
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Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Planejamento da Radioterapia Assistida por Computador , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Rumex acetosa L., common name sorrel (in Brazil, azedinha), is an herb from Europe and Asia commonly used either as a vegetable or a medicinal plant (1). No pathogen has been recorded on this plant species in Brazil, where it has been promoted as an alternative vegetable crop. During a routine inspection of a vegetable garden in the campus of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil) in July 2011, a group of sorrel plants were found bearing blight symptoms. Infected leaves had laminae with soaked irregular necrotic areas and infected petioles had reddish lesions. Healthy leaves touched by neighboring blighted leaves became diseased. A mycelial web was always associated with necrotic tissues. A representative specimen was collected, dried in a plant press, and deposited in the local herbarium (VIC 39063). Pure cultures were obtained through direct transfer of mycelium to PDA plates and deposited in the culture collection at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Coleção Oswaldo Almeida Drummond (COAD 1265). Slides containing fungal structures were mounted in lactophenol and observed under a microscope (Olympus BX 51). The fungus had the following morphology: mycelium superficial, either filiform or monilioid and constricted at septae, 6 to 10 µm diameter, often branching at right angles or nearly so, typically bearing a septum at branches near the branching point. Additionally, large, poorly differentiated, dirty white sclerotia were formed in older cultures. When mounted in DAPI, 7-day-old mycelium was seen to bear 5 to 13 nuclei per cell. These characteristics suggested that the fungus was Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (RS). Anastomosis group (AG) was determined by sequencing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using primers ITS5 and ITS4 (4). A BLAST search revealed that the sequence (GenBank Accession No. KC887353) had 96% sequence identity with RS AG-1-IB GenBank accessions JN426850.1, GU596491.1, JQ692292.1, and JQ692291.1. Pathogenicity of the isolate obtained from sorrel was tested by inoculating four healthy individuals with culture plugs taken from the margin of actively growing cultures on V8 juice agar. Inoculated plants were placed in a dew chamber for 48 h and later transferred to the bench of a greenhouse. Necrosis appeared on all inoculated plants 2 days after inoculation, developing into severe blight after 7 days. RS was isolated from infected tissues. RS AG-1-IB is known as a broad host-range plant pathogen (3). This is its first report as a pathogen of sorrel in Brazil. The sole other published record of this disease on sorrel is from the United States (2). References: (1) N. R. Madeira et al. Hortic. Brasil. 26:428, 2008. (2) G. L. Peltier. Parasitic rhizoctonias in America. University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, 1915. (3) B. Sneh, L. Burpee, and A. Ogoshi. Identification of Rhizoctonia species. APS Press, St Paul, MN, 1991. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1990.
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An extensive search for randomised controlled clinical trials was accomplished to compare dental prostheses and occlusal splints constructed with or without face-bow transfer, and question whether face-bow transfer may present better clinical results than simpler approaches. Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on the Health Science, and Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry). The keywords 'dental articulator', 'semi-adjustable articulator', 'face-bow', 'jaw relation record' and 'occlusal splint therapy' were used. The minimum inclusion requirements were (i) randomised controlled trials with patients of any age, (ii) comparison between dental prostheses or occlusal splints constructed with or without face-bow transfer and (iii) assessment of clinician's time, number of occlusal contacts, patient satisfaction or masticatory function. The search resulted in the identification of 8779 articles. Subsequently, 8763 articles were excluded on the basis of title and abstract. By the end of the search phase, eight randomised controlled trials were considered eligible. Current scientific evidence suggests that face-bow transfer is not imperative to achieve better clinical results in prosthodontics. Randomised clinical trials suggest that simpler approaches for the construction of complete dentures and occlusal splints may present acceptable results, while no clinical study has investigated its use in fixed and removable partial dentures.
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Prótese Dentária , Placas Oclusais , Prostodontia/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prostodontia/instrumentação , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Myrothecium roridum and M. verrucaria are two plant pathogenic species causing foliar spots in a large number of cultivated plants. This paper aims to study the causal agents of foliar spots in vegetable crops (sweet pepper, tomato and cucumber), ornamental plants (Spathiphyllum wallisii, Solidago canadensis, Anthurium andreanum, Dieffenbachia amoena) and a solanaceous weed plant (Nicandra physaloides). Most of the isolates were identified as M. roridum; only the isolate 'Myr-02' from S. canadensis was identified as M. verrucaria. All the isolates were pathogenic to their original plant hosts and also to some other plants. Some fungicides were tested in vitro against an isolate of M. roridum and the mycelial growth recorded after seven days. Fungicides with quartenary ammonium, tebuconazole and copper were highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of M. roridum. This paper confirms the first record of M. roridum causing leaf spots in sweet pepper, tomato, Spathiphyllum, Anthurium, Dieffenbachia and N. physaloides in Brazil. We also report M. roridum as causal agent of cucumber fruit rot and M. verrucaria as a pathogen of tango plants.
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Doenças das Plantas/etiologia , Estruturas Vegetais/genética , Fungicidas Industriais , Técnicas In Vitro , Micélio/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Micélio/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta , Plantas Comestíveis , Solidago/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Métodos , Métodos , Verduras , VirulênciaRESUMO
Myrothecium roridum and M. verrucaria are two plant pathogenic species causing foliar spots in a large number of cultivated plants. This paper aims to study the causal agents of foliar spots in vegetable crops (sweet pepper, tomato, cucumber), ornamental plants (Spathiphyllum, Solidago canadensis, Anthurium, Dieffenbachia) and a solanaceous weed plant (Nicandra physalodes). Most of the isolates were identified as M. roridum; only the isolate 'Myr-02' from S. canadensis was identified as M. verrucaria. All the isolates were pathogenic to their original plant hosts and also to some other plants. Some fungicides were tested in vitro against an isolate of M. roridum and the mycelial growth recorded after seven days. Fungicides with quartenary ammonium, Tebuconzole and copper were highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of M. roridum. This paper confirms the first record of M. roridum causing leaf spots in sweet pepper, tomato, Spathiphyllum, Anthurium, Dieffenbachia and N. physalodes. We also report M. roridum as causal agent of cucumber fruit rot and also M. verrucaria in tango plants.
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Myrothecium roridum and M. verrucaria are two plant pathogenic species causing foliar spots in a large number of cultivated plants. This paper aims to study the causal agents of foliar spots in vegetable crops (sweet pepper, tomato and cucumber), ornamental plants (Spathiphyllum wallisii, Solidago canadensis, Anthurium andreanum, Dieffenbachia amoena) and a solanaceous weed plant (Nicandra physaloides). Most of the isolates were identified as M. roridum; only the isolate 'Myr-02' from S. canadensis was identified as M. verrucaria. All the isolates were pathogenic to their original plant hosts and also to some other plants. Some fungicides were tested in vitro against an isolate of M. roridum and the mycelial growth recorded after seven days. Fungicides with quartenary ammonium, tebuconazole and copper were highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of M. roridum. This paper confirms the first record of M. roridum causing leaf spots in sweet pepper, tomato, Spathiphyllum, Anthurium, Dieffenbachia and N. physaloides in Brazil. We also report M. roridum as causal agent of cucumber fruit rot and M. verrucaria as a pathogen of tango plants.
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Background: First degree relatives of patients with colorectal carcinoma are at a higher risk of having the disease than the general population. Therefore, they should be subjected to screening colonoscopy. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of colonoscopy among first degree relatives of patients with colorectal carcinoma. Material and methods: A free colonoscopy was offered to first degree relatives of patients operated on for colorectal cancer between 1998 and 2000. As inclusion criteria, subjects had to be asymptomatic, older than 40 years or less than 10 years younger than the index case. Each subject was contacted twice, inviting him/her to have a colonoscopy performed. Results: Two hundred forty three relatives were contacted for the study and in 76, a colonoscopy was performed. Among the latter, a neoplasm was found in 13 (17 percent): One adenocarcinoma and 12 adenomas. Three of these lesions were located in the right colon. The main reason given by the 176 subjects that did not agree to have a colonoscopy was lack of interest. Conclusions: Screening colonoscopy is effective to detect adenoma and adenocarcinomaamong first degree relatives of patients with colorectal carcinoma, however only 31 percent of all potential relatives agreed to undergo a colonoscopy.
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Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Colonoscopia/normas , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Saúde da Família , Programas de Rastreamento/psicologia , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenoma/genética , Fatores Etários , Atitude , Colonoscopia/psicologia , Colonoscopia , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Linhagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Locally prevalent pathogenic bacteria 189 Gram (-) and 135 Gram (+) strains, all isolated from pediatric patients severely infected, were tested in vitro against 11 essential oils from commercial origin. All the strains showed resistance to selected antibiotics. Cinnamomum verum, Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris exhibited the highest and broadest antibacterial activity. Emphasis is made in the potential implications of these resources, uncommon at the clinical setting of the study, employed against non-commercial, locally pathogenic strains, being a step to submit in the ensuing period essential oils from plants used in Mexican traditional medicine.
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Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Cinnamomum , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , México , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Origanum , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Thymus (Planta)RESUMO
Se estableció la estrecha relación que existe entre el hábito de fumar y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) hace muchos años. Sólo en 80% de las EPOC son producidas por fumar y menos del 20% de fumadores desarrollan la EPOC, esto nos lleva a pensar que existen otros factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la enfermedad; el presente es un trabajo que investiga el hábito de fumar como factor de riesgo EPOC. El objetivo del trabajo es observar la relación del hábito de fumar con el EPOC, a través de un estudio en el cual se describió la función pulmonar en fumadores y no fumadores. La muestra estuvo integrada por 106 personas de ambos sexos entre 22 y 95 años con promedio de 71,17 años. Tuvieron mayoritariamente como antecedente de tabaquismo 81,13% de los cuales el 77,91% fuma mas de 10 cigarrillos por día y 94,19% tiene mas de 10 años de fumador. Los motivos de consulta fueron tos (23,58%); disnea /24,53%); cianosis (16,04%); y otros (35,85%). Se consideró espirometría positiva a VEF. 1 <80% sin reversibilidad o con revesibilidad menor a 12% con broncodilatadores, se catalogó a los pacientes con espirometría positiva como portadores de EPOC, cuyo resultado fueron: estadio 1:14,15%ç; estadio 2:47,17%; estadio 3:38,68%. En base a estos resultados se puede concluir que el tabaquismo sigue siendo un factor muy importante para el desarrollo del EPOC.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/classificação , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Tabagismo/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Las masas cervicales son un motivo frecuente de consulta en pediatría. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el estudio y el manejo terapéutico de las masas cervicales en el Servicio de Cirugía Infantil del Hospital San Juan de Dios en el período 1992-2000. Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva en la que se analizaron los aspectos más relevantes de esta patología,como son la anamnesis, el exámen físico, los exámenes de laboratorio e imágenes, el tratamiento y sus resultados. No se encontró correlación entre los signos clínicos y el diagnóstico final, pero si una relación de este último con el diagnóstico presuntivo. El diagnóstico final más frecuente fue el de adenitis inespecífica. En la revisión destaca el bajo rendimiento de los exámenes, y el hecho que aún existe un número importante de pacientes (cercano al 20 por ciento) que consulta por primera vez al especialista luego de un año del inicio de la signología
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato , Cisto Dermoide , Cisto TireoglossoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to characterize P. aeruginosa clinical isolates by comparing antimicrobial susceptibility patterns with the presence of plasmids and to establish the clonal relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. METHODS: The patients included those with isolation of P. aeruginosa hospitalized for more than 48 h in the ICU from April to May 1998. Environmental and staff cultures were obtained simultaneously. Minimal inhibitory concentrations, plasmid DNA profiles, and PFGE genomic patterns of enzyme restriction chromosomal DNA were compared. RESULTS: Sixty P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained from 197 clinical specimens, 178 environmental samples, and 47 hand cultures of personnel. Antimicrobial resistance was as follows: tobramycin 100%; ticarcillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and gentamicin 80%; cefepime 60%; amikacin, ticarcillin/clavulanate, imipenem, and meropenem 40%; piperacillin and norfloxacin 20%; carbenicillin 12%, and ciprofloxacin 0%. Plasmids were detected in 11 isolates (18%). PFGE typing showed that 23 isolates belonged to a common clone (pattern A), identified from five patients, two nurses, and 10 environmental samples. Ten isolates were grouped in four clusters and 27 isolates had unrelated genomic patterns. There was no relationship among DNA genomic patterns, plasmid profiles, and susceptibility patterns. CONCLUSIONS: PFGE demonstrated the existence of a common clone in a critical care area. Reinforcement of infection control measures is needed to avoid horizontal transmission and severe infections.