RESUMO
A critical challenge during volcanic emergencies is responding to rapid changes in eruptive behaviour. Actionable advice, essential in times of rising uncertainty, demands the rapid synthesis and communication of multiple datasets with prognoses. The 2020-2021 eruption of La Soufrière volcano exemplifies these challenges: a series of explosions from 9-22 April 2021 was preceded by three months of effusive activity, which commenced with a remarkably low level of detected unrest. Here we show how the development of an evolving conceptual model, and the expression of uncertainties via both elicitation and scenarios associated with this model, were key to anticipating this transition. This not only required input from multiple monitoring datasets but contextualisation via state-of-the-art hazard assessments, and evidence-based knowledge of critical decision-making timescales and community needs. In addition, we share strategies employed as a consequence of constraints on recognising and responding to eruptive transitions in a resource-constrained setting, which may guide similarly challenged volcano observatories worldwide.
Assuntos
Desastres , Erupções VulcânicasRESUMO
We identified new gene fusions in patients with lung cancer harboring the kinase domain of the NTRK1 gene that encodes the high-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (TRKA protein). Both the MPRIP-NTRK1 and CD74-NTRK1 fusions lead to constitutive TRKA kinase activity and are oncogenic. Treatment of cells expressing NTRK1 fusions with inhibitors of TRKA kinase activity inhibited autophosphorylation of TRKA and cell growth. Tumor samples from 3 of 91 patients with lung cancer (3.3%) without known oncogenic alterations assayed by next-generation sequencing or fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated evidence of NTRK1 gene fusions.
Assuntos
Rearranjo Gênico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Fusão Oncogênica , Receptor trkA/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos B/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Receptor trkA/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The duration of anestrus in cattle was usually shortened when cows were exposed to bulls. The objective of the present experiment was to determine if weekly bull exchange accelerated the resumption of cyclicity in postpartum suckled beef cows. We tested the hypothesis that exposure of postpartum, anestrous, suckled beef cows (extensively managed) to weekly exchange of bulls, accelerates the resumption of cyclicity, compared to continuous exposure to the same bulls. Ninety-one multiparous suckled Hereford and Hereford x Angus cows, <60d postpartum, were assigned to two homogeneous groups. Beginning on December 1st (late spring), the control group (C, n=45) remained with one pair of bulls throughout the breeding period (7 weeks), whereas in the "exchanged" (E, n=46) group two pairs of bulls were exchanged weekly. Based on weekly ultrasonographic examinations of all cows, none had a CL at the start of the experiment and for 2 weeks after the start of bull exposure. However, the accumulated frequency of cows with a CL was greater in group E than in group C cows on week 4 (P=0.024), as well as on weeks 5-7 (P<0.001) after the start of bull exposure. Furthermore, in group E versus group C, there was a higher pregnancy rate 30d after the end of bull exposure (26 of 46, 56.2% vs. 16 of 45, 35.6%; P=0.045). In conclusion, weekly exchange of two pairs of bulls shortened postpartum anestrus in suckled multiparous cows, compared to continuous exposure to a single pair of bulls.
Assuntos
Anestro/fisiologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Bovinos/fisiologia , Animais , Corpo Lúteo/diagnóstico por imagem , Corpo Lúteo/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Período Pós-Parto , Gravidez , Comportamento Sexual Animal/fisiologia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The effect of the so-called Short-Term Protocol (5-day progesterone treatment+PGF(2)alpha) on ovarian activity and LH surge was studied in goats. The goats received 250IU eCG at the time of device withdrawal (eCG group; n=7), or 200microg of EB (estradiol benzoate) 24h after device withdrawal (EB group; n=8), or received neither eCG nor EB (control group; n=8). The Short-Term Protocol induced greater (4.1+/-1.1ng/ml) progesterone serum concentrations at 24h after start of the treatment, that declined to 0.2+/-0.1ng/ml at 12h after device withdrawal. In all of the groups, the maximum concentration of estradiol-17beta was reached at about 36h after device withdrawal. Maximum concentration was greater in the EB group (76.9+/-24.6pmol/l) than in the control group (41.8+/-9.0pmol/l; P<0.01), with the eCG group showing intermediate concentration (70.3+/-32.5pmol/l; P=NS). The LH peak occurred earlier in the eCG group (38.4+/-2.0h after device withdrawal) and in the EB group (41.0+/-4.1h), than in the control group (46.3+/-5.1h; P<0.05). Ovulation occurred earlier in the eCG group (5/7) and in the EB group (8/8) (58.8+/-2.7h and 63.0+/-5.6h, respectively), than in the control group (7/8) (70.2+/-8.3h; P<0.05). In summary, the Short-Term Protocol induced similar concentrations of progesterone among treated goats. In addition, eCG or EB resulted in a similar increase in estradiol-17beta and a similar LH surge, which induced ovulation in most females (86.7%) in a consistent interval (about 60h) after the end of progesterone exposure.
Assuntos
Corpo Lúteo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estradiol/sangue , Ciclo Estral/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Corpo Lúteo/fisiologia , Dinoprosta/farmacologia , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Estradiol/farmacologia , Ciclo Estral/fisiologia , Feminino , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/farmacologia , Cabras , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Ovulação/fisiologia , Progesterona/farmacologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Traditional treatments of two prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha) doses at 10-day intervals or more did not result in acceptable pregnancy rates in timed artificial insemination (TAI) programmes in ewes. An explanation might be the undefined time-period of the onset of oestrus and ovulation after the treatment. Recently a consistent interval to oestrus and ovulation was obtained by giving PGF2alpha at day 3 post-ovulation, i.e. when the largest follicle of the first follicular wave of the cycle was still growing. This can be achieved when a second dose of PGF2alpha is given 7 days after a first dose. In this work, we evaluated the synchronization of oestrus and determined which of three different moments of TAI was the most successful using a PGF2alpha (PG-7d) protocol in a large flock. A total of 436 nulliparous and multiparous ewes were treated with two doses of a PGF2alpha analogue (delprostenate 160 microg, i.m.) separated by 7 days. Onset of oestrus was recorded twice a day and a single cervical TAI with fresh undiluted semen was performed either at 42 h (n = 152), 48 h (n = 120), or 54 h (n = 164), after the second PGF2alpha dose without taking into account the oestrous response. Pregnancy rate was determined by transrectal ultrasonography 30 days after insemination. Onset of oestrus was detected in 308 of 328 and 89 of 108 multiparous and nulliparous ewes, respectively (p < 0.001), within 72 h after treatment. The distribution of the onset of oestrus did not differ between multiparous and nulliparous ewes and the highest proportion of ewes in oestrus was detected between 25 to 48 h (313/397) from the second PGF2alpha dose. The pregnancy rate in ewes inseminated at 42 h tended to be higher than those inseminated at 48 h (p = 0.09) and was higher than those inseminated at 54 h (p < 0.05) (56/152, 31/120, 37/164; respectively). Therefore, the use of the PG-7d protocol resulted in a very high synchronization of oestrus with the highest concentration (around 80%) between 25 to 48 h from the end of treatment. The best pregnancy rate (37%) was obtained after a single cervical TAI with fresh semen at 42 h.
Assuntos
Dinoprosta/análogos & derivados , Dinoprosta/farmacologia , Sincronização do Estro/métodos , Ocitócicos/farmacologia , Prostaglandinas F Sintéticas/farmacologia , Reprodução/fisiologia , Ovinos/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Paridade , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Distribuição Aleatória , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery from the right anterior aortic sinus is a rare condition (0.02 to 0.07%) and its clinical significance is sometimes controversial. The authors present the case of a 44-year-old female with this anomaly and septal course with clinical, electrocardiographic, scintigraphic and cineangiographic evidences of myocardial infarction without coronary lesions. Literature is reviewed regarding diagnosis, clinical significance, pathophysiology and management. It is probably the first evidence of the potential danger of this anomaly with septal course.
Assuntos
Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/complicações , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Adulto , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To present the Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul experience with percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA), after thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: Fifty-three patients with transmural AMI in whom early successful intravenous streptokinase recanalization was followed by PTCA. The mean age was 50 years, male patients were more frequent, the predominant area of infarct was anterior wall and more frequently the "culprit" coronary was the left anterior descendent. The main indication of PTCA was uniarterial lesion with less than 20 mm of length. RESULTS: The success comes out in 44 patients (81.5%). Ten patients (18.5%) were considered unsuccessful and were referred to emergency bypass graft surgery. The in-hospital AMI rate after PTCA was 5.5%. In the follow-up the reestenoses rate was 11% and reocclusion was 3.7%. New PTCA was necessary in 3 patients (5.5%) and in one, by-pass graft (1.8%). CONCLUSIONS: PTCA is an important and secure modality of complementary therapy after thrombolytic therapy with low morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Estreptoquinase/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Foram estudados 27 casos portadores de miocardiopatia hipertrofica registrados na Instituicao com diagnostico efetuado pelo ecocardiograma modulo "M" e confirmado, em alguns deles, pela angiocardiografia. A idade media foi 58 anos e nao houve predominancia de um sexo (relacao 1,07:1).A dor toracica foi referida por 85% dos pacientes, tendo carater anginoso em apenas 29% deles. Detectou-se um sopro sistolico em 48% dos casos e um "click" sistolico em 29,6%. O eletrocardiograma convencional mostrou-se alterado em 85% dos pacientes e o teste de esforco em 40%. O ecocardiograma evidenciou um padrao de hipertrofia concentrica do ventriculo esquerdo em 16 pacientes e de hipertrofia septal assimetrica nos 11 restantes com 15% desses mostrando sinais de obstrucao a ejecao ventricular esquerda. Com os nitratos houve piora dos sintomas em 74% dos pacientes e os bloqueadores beta-adrenergicos ou dos canais lentos do calcio diminuiram ou aboliram os sintomas em 95% dos casos
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , CardiomegaliaRESUMO
Foram estudados, quanto a frequencia de lesao coronariana significativa (LCS) na cinecoronariografia e sua relacao com angina de peito tipica (APT) e idade, 181 pacientes com valvolopatias - aortica (114), mitral (48) e mitro-aortica (19), sendo 117 homens e 64 mulheres, de 26 a 70 anos, com media de 48,9.Vinte e seis pacientes (14,3% do total) evidenciaram LCS e estas mostraram-se: 1) mais frequentes nos valvopatas em APT (43,9%) que nos assintomaticos (4,3%) e nos com dor toracica atipica (8,3%); 2) ausentes nos pacientes com menos de 40 anos e nos com menos de 50 anos sem APT; dos 50 anos em diante, foi 3 vezes mais frequente (23,0%) que dos 40 aos 49 (7,0%); 3) 4 vezes mais frequente nos pacientes com 50 ou mais anos e APT (52,0%) que nos da mesma idade sem APT (12,1%); 4) 3 vezes mais frequente nos aorticos sem LCS (20%) que nos mitrais e mitro-aorticos sem LCS (6,5% e 6,6%, respectivamente). Conclui-se que a ausencia de APT em pacientes valvopatas abaixo de 50 anos praticamente exclui presenca de LCS, e que dos 50 anos em diante esta indicada a realizacao sistematica de cinecoronariografia nesses pacientes, quando candidatos a cirurgia corretiva da valvopatia