RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the body mass index (BMI) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) parameters on oxidative and nitrosative stress in overweight and obese subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Individuals were divided into three groups: the control group (G1, n = 131) with a BMI between 20 and 24.9 kg/m2, the overweight group (G2, n = 120) with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 and the obese group (G3, n = 79) with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. RESULTS: G3 presented higher advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in relation to G1 and G2 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively) whereas G2 and G3 had lower levels of nitric oxide (NO) (p = 0.009 and p = 0.048, respectively) compared to G1. Adjusted for the presence of MetS to evaluate its influence, the levels of AOPPs did not differ between the groups, whereas NO remained significantly lower. Data adjusted by the BMI showed that subjects with higher triacylglycerol levels had higher AOPPs (p = 0.001) and decreased total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter/uric Acid (p = 0.036). Subjects with lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and patients with higher blood pressure showed increased AOPPs (p = 0.001 and p = 0.034, respectively) and lower NO levels (p = 0.017 and p = 0.043, respectively). Subjects who presented insulin resistance had higher AOPPs (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Nitrosative stress was related to BMI, and protein oxidation and nitrosative stress were related to metabolic changes and hypertension. MetS components were essential participants in oxidative and nitrosative stress in overweight and obese subjects.
Assuntos
Produtos da Oxidação Avançada de Proteínas/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Estresse Nitrosativo/fisiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the body mass index (BMI) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) parameters on oxidative and nitrosative stress in overweight and obese subjects. Subjects and methods: Individuals were divided into three groups: the control group (G1, n = 131) with a BMI between 20 and 24.9 kg/m2, the overweight group (G2, n = 120) with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 and the obese group (G3, n = 79) with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Results: G3 presented higher advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in relation to G1 and G2 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively) whereas G2 and G3 had lower levels of nitric oxide (NO) (p = 0.009 and p = 0.048, respectively) compared to G1. Adjusted for the presence of MetS to evaluate its influence, the levels of AOPPs did not differ between the groups, whereas NO remained significantly lower. Data adjusted by the BMI showed that subjects with higher triacylglycerol levels had higher AOPPs (p = 0.001) and decreased total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter/uric Acid (p = 0.036). Subjects with lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and patients with higher blood pressure showed increased AOPPs (p = 0.001 and p = 0.034, respectively) and lower NO levels (p = 0.017 and p = 0.043, respectively). Subjects who presented insulin resistance had higher AOPPs (p = 0.024). Conclusions: Nitrosative stress was related to BMI, and protein oxidation and nitrosative stress were related to metabolic changes and hypertension. MetS components were essential participants in oxidative and nitrosative stress in overweight and obese subjects.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Produtos da Oxidação Avançada de Proteínas/metabolismo , Estresse Nitrosativo/fisiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Obesidade/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits to the host. The consumption of probiotics has gained increasing recognition from the scientific community due to the promising effects on metabolic health through gut microbiota modulation. AREAS COVERED: This article presents a review of scientific studies investigating probiotic species and their effects on different risk factors of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). This article also presents a summary of the major mechanisms involved with gut microbiota and the components of the MetS and raises the key issues to be considered by scientists in search of probiotics species for treatment of patients suffering from this metabolic disorder. EXPERT OPINION: Probiotics may confer numerous health benefits to the host through positive gut microbiota modulation. The strain selection is the most important factor for determining health effects. Further studies may consider gut microbiota as a novel target for prevention and management of MetS components and other cardiovascular risks.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Síndrome Metabólica/terapia , Probióticos/farmacologia , Animais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/microbiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
This study developed a fermented milk with Lactobacillus plantarum and evaluated its microbiological, physical-chemical and sensory characteristics during 70 days of storage at 10ºC. The study analyzed the counts of total viable cells, total and thermotolerant coliforms, yeast and mold; acidity, pH, ash, fat and total solids; sensory evaluation and purchase intention of the final product by consumers. Nutrition information was compared with seven commercial brands of fermented dairy products. The final formula contained 10% sugar, 6% milk powder and 4% microbial inoculum. The final product was fat-free. Acidity, ash content and total solids were stable during storage, unlike pH. No total or thermotolerant coliforms, yeast or mold were detected. L. plantarum counts ranged from 10.1 Log10 CFU mL-1 at the beginning to 8.9 Log10 CFU mL-1 at the end of the storage period. The product had good acceptance and high purchase intent. The nutrition information of fermented milk was similar to those of commercial brands evaluated. L. plantarum demonstrated good viability in fermented milk, and although not considered a probiotic food in Brazil, it is promising for the production of foods with functional properties and/or health claims.
Desenvolveu-se uma formulação de leite fermentado com Lactobacillus plantarum e avaliou-se seu comportamento microbiológico, físico -químico e sensorial durante 70 dias de armazenamento em refrigeração. Foi analisada a contagem total de células viáveis de Lactobacillus plantarum, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, e bolores e leveduras; acidez titulável, pH, teor de cinzas, gordura e extrato seco total; análise sensorial e intenção de compra do produto final. A informação nutricional do produto foi elaborada e comparada a sete leites fermentados. A formulação final conteve 10% de açúcar, 6% de leite em pó e 4% de inóculo microbiano. O produto final foi isento de gordura. A acidez, os teores de cinzas e o extrato seco total foram estáveis durante a estocagem, diferentemente do pH. Não foi detectada a presença de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, bolores e leveduras. A contagem do L. plantarum variou de 10,1 a 8,9 Log10 UFC mL-1, no início e final da estocagem. Obteve-se boa aceitação e intenção de compra do produto final. A informação nutricional do leite fermentado foi semelhante às marcas comerciais avaliadas. L. plantarum apresentou boa viabilidade em leite fermentado, e, embora não seja considerado um alimento probiótico no Brasil, o mesmo é promissor na produção de alimentos com propriedades funcionais e/ou de saúde.
Assuntos
Probióticos , Produtos Fermentados do Leite , Lactobacillus plantarumRESUMO
Seventy-fi ve strains isolated from fecal samples of six children werestudied for their morphology and biochemical properties. Geneticdiversity of 30 strains was analyzed by using Random Amplifi ed Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The intestinal isolates were grouped into four clusters. Some strains in group I were 100% similar (Lactobacillus reuteri) while high degree of genetic diversity was found in groups II (standard species), III and IV. Eight strains of group I and group III wereidentifi ed through biochemical identifi cation, as Lactobacillus reuteri,Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus salivarius, and showed low genetic similarity with type strains. The fi ndings in this study provide a strong basis for exploring the potential of these eight selected lactobacilli strains foruse in fermented-milk based product.
Assuntos
Bactérias , Fermentação , Alimentos , Tecnologia de Alimentos , Lactobacillus plantarum , ProbióticosRESUMO
The probiotic bacteria survival during the gastrointestinal transit is primordial, and implies in the ability of microorganisms to survive at the stomach acidity and bile, so they can exert their beneficial effects on the host. The aim of this study was to evaluate, "in vitro", Lactobacillus strains originated from one year old children fecal material in the selection of probiotic microorganisms. Two commercial strains,L. casei (Lc 01TM) and L. acidophilus (La-05 TM) were used as controls. The first screening resulted in 75 colonies and they were isolated from six samples faeces. Isolates were Gram positive, mostly rod shaped (cocobacilli, long and thin rods) and rarely cocci. They were submitted to catalase test and evaluated for the presence of spores, resulting in 30 pre-selected strains. Among those strains, eight strains: L4, L5, L12, L19, L20, L22, L23, L24 were the most resistant to Oxgall (bile salts) concentration (0.3 w/v). These eight strains were also resistant to acid conditions (pH 3.0) and all strains were able to grow in the presence of 0.3 w/v of phenol. The results of treatments were compared to the Neuman Keuls Student test at 5% of probability, with regression analyses made at different times for tolerance to intestinal conditions. The results demonstrated that all these strains were able to survive under gastrointestinal stress condition, indicating potential use as probiotics. The high survival rate of probiotic strains, in conditions that simulate the gastrointestinal transit, is strain dependent and thus, a proper selection of strains in the development of dairy probiotic products is vital.
A sobrevivência de bactérias probióticas durante o trânsito no trato gastrointestinal é fundamental, e implica na capacidade de sobrevivência dos microrganismos à acidez do estômago e a bile para que elas possam exercer os seus efeitos benéficos sobre o hospedeiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, "in vitro", cepas de Lactobacillus originadas de material fecal de crianças de um ano de idade para o processo de seleção de microrganismos probióticos. Linhagens comerciais de L. casei (Lc 01TM) e L. acidophilus (La-05 TM) foram utilizadas como controle. A primeira triagem resultou no isolamento de 75 colônias provenientes de seis amostras de fezes. Os isolados foram apresentados como Gram positivos, principalmente bacilos (cocobacilos, bacilos longos e finos), e raramente cocos. Estes foram submetidos a testes de catalase e avaliados quanto à presença de esporos, resultando em 30 amostras pré-selecionadas. Entre estas cepas, oito linhagens: L4, L5, L12, L19, L20, L22, L23, L24 foram as mais resistentes à inibição por Oxgall. Estas oito cepas foram também resistentes às condições ácidas (pH 3,0) e todas as cepas foram capazes de crescer na presença de fenol. Os resultados dos tratamentos foram comparados através do teste Student Neuman Keuls a 5% de probabilidade, com análises de regressão feitas em diferentes tempos, para verificar a tolerância às condições do trato intestinal. Os resultados demonstraram que as oito cepas estudadas foram capazes de sobreviver às condições de estresse gastrointestinal, indicando potencial para utilização como probióticos. A alta taxa de sobrevivência das cepas probióticas, em condições que simulam o trânsito no trato gastrintestinal depende da cepa utilizada e, assim, é vital conduzir uma boa seleção de cepas para o desenvolvimento de produtos lácteos probióticos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Probióticos , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a utilização de substratos prebióticos por seis cepas de lactobacilos de origem intestinal humana. Foi utilizado o caldo MRS isento de glicose e extrato de carne adicionado de 1,0% de oligofrutose, insulina ou goma acácia sendo as contagens determinadas após 24 horas de incubação. Avaliou-se também a resistência destes isolados a alguns antibióticos de uso restrito em humanos como penicilina, tetraciclina, eritromicina, cloranfenicol e estreptomicina, utilizando-se o método de difusão em placa. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que todas cepas foram capazes de utilizar os substratos testados. Os seis isolados testados foram resistentes a eritromicina, porém não se determinou se esta característica era intrínseca ou adquirida. Os isolados apresentam potencial de uso em produtos simbióticos, pois também mostraram, em ensaios anteriores, resistência às condições adversas do trato gastrointestinal.(AU)
This study aimed to verify the use of prebiotics substrates for six strains of lactobacilli having humanintestinal origin. MRS broth without glucose and meat extract was used. At this medium it was added 1% of oligofructose, inulin or acacia gum, and the viable cell counts were determined after 24 incubation hours. It was also evaluated the resistance of these isolates to some antibiotics, restricted used in humans, like penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin, using the diffusion plate method. The results showed that all strains were able to utilize the tested substrates. The six tested isolates were resistant to erythromycin, but it was not determined if this characteristic was intrinsic or acquired. The isolates have potential for use in symbiotic products, because they demonstrated, in previous tests, resistance to the adverse conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. (AU)
Assuntos
Probióticos , /isolamento & purificação , Farmacorresistência BacterianaRESUMO
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a utilização de substratos prebióticos por seis cepas de lactobacilos de origem intestinal humana. Foi utilizado o caldo MRS isento de glicose e extrato de carne adicionado de 1,0% de oligofrutose, insulina ou goma acácia sendo as contagens determinadas após 24 horas de incubação. Avaliou-se também a resistência destes isolados a alguns antibióticos de uso restrito em humanos como penicilina, tetraciclina, eritromicina, cloranfenicol e estreptomicina, utilizando-se o método de difusão em placa. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que todas cepas foram capazes de utilizar os substratos testados. Os seis isolados testados foram resistentes a eritromicina, porém não se determinou se esta característica era intrínseca ou adquirida. Os isolados apresentam potencial de uso em produtos simbióticos, pois também mostraram, em ensaios anteriores, resistência às condições adversas do trato gastrointestinal.
Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , ProbióticosRESUMO
Iron deficiency anemia is the world most prevalent nutritional problem. To investigate anemia prevalence and its relation to nutritional status, 526 children and adolescents, 284 males and 242 females, aged 7 to 14 years old, were evaluated. The studied subjects take part in a program of the Social Action Departament of the city of Londrina, state of Paraná, and attend Public Education Centers which provides them three daily meals and pedagogic assistance. These individuals belong to deprived areas in the city outskirts, where the per capita income is lower than US$500 a year. The hemoglobin dosage was determined by digital puncture and read by hemocue portable photometer. Anemia prevalence was verified in 41,3 por cento of the assessed population, with no significant statistical differences between males and females (p= 0.412). No association between anemia and malnutrition was found. In conclusion, high prevalence of anemia was observed in this population