RESUMO
The crinipelloid genera Crinipellis and Moniliophthora (Agaricales, Marasmiaceae) are characterized by basidiomes that produce long, dextrinoid, hair-like elements on the pileus surface. Historically, most species are believed to be saprotrophic or, rarely, parasitic on plant hosts. The primary morphological diagnostic characters that separate Crinipellis and Moniliophthora are pliant vs. stiff (Crinipellis) stipes and a tendency toward production of reddish pigments (ranging from violet to orange) in the basidiome in Moniliophthora. Additionally, most species of Moniliophthora appear to have a biotrophic habit, while those of Crinipellis are predominantly saprotrophic. Recently, several new neotropical collections prompted a morphological and phylogenetic analysis of this group. Herein, we propose a new species and two new combinations: Moniliophthora mayarum sp. nov., described from Belize, is characterized by its larger pileus and narrower basidiospores relative to other related species; Moniliophthora ticoi comb. nov. (= Crinipellis ticoi) is recollected and redescribed from biotrophic collections from northern Argentina; and M. brasiliensis comb. nov. (= Crinipellis brasiliensis), a parasite of Heteropterys acutifolia. The addition of these three parasitic species into Moniliophthora support a hypothesis of a primarily biotrophic/parasitic habit within this genus.
RESUMO
This work is based in the investigation about the persistence of the use of medicinal plants in the communities inhabiting the wetlands within IberaÌ Natural Reserve. From the participant observation and semi-structured interviews, together with the collection of reference plants, the use of 90 medicinal plants to treat 171 ailments, distributed in 12 body systems was recorded. In addition, the informant consensus factor was also calculated and a correspondence analysis was made. It was concluded that the use and knowledge associated to medicinal plants remains active, depending mostly of the native species. For this reason, the maintenance and access to the native flora by ancestral communities is suggested, to conserve the biological and cultural diversity of the IberaÌ Natural Reserve.
El presente trabajo se basoÌ en la indagacioÌn acerca de la persistencia del uso de las plantas medicinales por parte de comunidades que habitan los humedales circunscritos dentro de la Reserva Natural IberaÌ. A partir de la observacioÌn participante y de entrevistas semi- estructuradas, junto a la colecta de los vegetales testigo, se registroÌ el uso de 90 plantas medicinales para tratar 171 afecciones, distribuidas en 12 sistemas corporales. AdemaÌs, se calculoÌ el indice de uso del consenso de informantes y se realizoÌ un anaÌlisis de correspondencias. Se concluyoÌ que el uso y los saberes vinculados a las plantas medicinales se mantienen activos, dependiendo en mayor medida de las especies nativas. Por este motivo, se sugiere mantener el acceso hacia la flora nativa por parte de las comunidades ancestrales con el fin de conservar la diversidad bioloÌgica y cultural presentes en la Reserva Natural IberaÌ.