RESUMO

Abstract Tetrahydroquinoline derivatives are interesting structures exhibiting a wide range of biological activities, including antitumor effects. In this investigation, the effect of the synthesized tetrahydroquinolines JS-56 and JS-92 on apoptosis, intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), and the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity was determined on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Colorimetric assays were used to assess MCF-7 cells viability and SERCA activity. Fura-2 and rhodamine 123 were used to measure the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the mitochondrial electrochemical potential, respec tively. TUNEL assay was used to analyze DNA fragmentation, while caspase activity and NF-κB-dependent gene expression were assessed by luminescence. In silico models were used for molecular docking analysis. These compounds increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration; the main contribution is the Ca2+ entry from the extracellular milieu. Both JS-56 and JS-92 inhibit the activity of SERCA and dissipate the mitochondrial electrochemical potential through processes dependent and independent of the Ca2+ uptake by this organelle. Furthermore, JS-56 and JS-92 generate cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. The effect of JS-92 is higher than JS-56. Both compounds activate caspases 7 and 9, cause DNA fragmentation, and potentiate the effect of phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate on NF-κB-dependent gene expression. Molecular docking analysis suggests that both compounds have a high interaction for SERCA, similar to thapsigargin. Both tetrahydroquinoline derivatives induced cell death through a combination of apoptotic events, increase [Ca2+]i, and inhibit SERCA activity by direct interaction.

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Resumen Los derivados de tetrahidroquinolina son estructuras interesantes que exhiben una amplia gama de actividades biológicas, incluyendo efectos antitumorales. Se determinó el efecto de las tetrahidroquinolinas sintetizadas JS-56 y JS-92 sobre la apoptosis, concentración intracelular de Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) y la actividad Ca2+-ATPasa del retículo sarco(endo)plásmico (SERCA) en células de cáncer de mama MCF-7. Se usaron ensayos colorimétricos para evaluar la viabilidad de las células MCF-7 y la actividad SERCA. Se emplearon Fura-2 y rodamina 123 para medir la concentración de Ca2+ intracelular y el potencial electroquímico mitocondrial, respectivamente. El ensayo TUNEL se utilizó para analizar la fragmentación del ADN, mientras que la actividad de caspasas y la expresión génica dependiente de NF-κB se evaluaron mediante luminiscencia. Modelos in silico permitieron el análisis del acoplamiento molecular. Estos compuestos aumentan la concentración de Ca2+ intracelular; la principal contribución es la entrada de Ca2+ desde el medio extracelular. Tanto JS-56 como JS-92 inhiben la actividad de SERCA y disipan el potencial electroquímico mitocondrial a través de procesos dependientes e independientes de la captación de Ca2+ por este orgánulo. Además, JS-56 y JS-92 generan citotoxicidad en células MCF-7. El efecto de JS-92 es mayor que JS-56. Ambos compuestos activan las caspasas 7 y 9, provocan la fragmentación del ADN y potencian el efecto del 12-miristato-13-acetato de forbol en la expresión génica dependiente de NF-κB. El análisis de acoplamiento molecular sugiere que ambos compuestos tienen una alta interacción con SERCA, similar a la tapsigargina. Ambos derivados de tetrahidroquinolina indujeron la muerte celular a través de una combinación de eventos apoptóticos, aumento de [Ca2+]i e inhibición de la actividad SERCA por interacción directa.

RESUMO

The anti-acetylcholinesterase, larvicidal, antifeedant activities and general toxicity of 15 semisynthetic eugenol derivatives based on clove oil (including the own oil), were evaluated against the maize armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Therefore, promising eugenol molecules were classified with larvicidal, anti-acetylcholinesterase and antifeedant activities for controlling this pest. During structure-activity relationship studies and physicochemical profile analysis, it was found that among tested molecules 1-15, eugenol 1, prenyl eugenol 4, isoeugenol 8 and isoeugenol acetate 11 exhibited lethal effects LD50 at concentrations <1 mg/g of insect. On the other hand, eugenol 1, metallyl eugenol 3, isoeugenol 8 and isoeugenol acetate 11 showed a good antifeedant activity (CE50 = 158-209 µg/mL) with a high antifeedant index (70-78%) at concentration 1000 µg/mL, possessing a weak anti-acetylcholinesterase activity (IC50 = 21-31 µg/mL). According to their ecotoxicological profiles (LC50 = 2033.1-6303.8 µg/mL on Artemia salina larvae), isoeugenol 8 and its acetate derivative 11 could be potential used in control of the growth, feeding, or reproduction of S. frugiperda larvae, acting as moderate insecticidal acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and/or antifeedant molecules. Such structure-activity relationship studies could stimulate the identification of lead structures from natural sources for the development of larvicidal and deterrent products against S. frugiperda and related insect pests.

RESUMO

Nineteen bioactive highly functionalized 6,6a-dihydroisoindolo[2,1-a]quinolin-11(5H)-one derivatives were easily prepared in good yield without solvent using catalytic amorphous milled cellulose sulfonic acid (AMCell-SO3H), substituted anilines, propenyl-phenols, and phthaldehydic acid. The cascade reaction gave high regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity.

RESUMO

A new green protocol for the efficient synthesis of pharmacologically relevant 4-amidyl-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) through the domino type ABB' imino Diels-Alder reaction in acidified water in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant was developed for the first time. The influence of the SDS micelles and their different concentrations (5.0, 8.2 and 12.0 mM) on reactivity of the imino Diels-Alder reaction was studied. It was found that the best THQ yields (70-99%) are achieved above the critical micellar concentration (12 mM) using pH 1.0-2.5. This procedure resulted in a general and clean environmentally benign protocol to obtain the privileged diastereospecific cis 2,4-disubstituted THQ molecules of highest biological interest.

Assuntos

Micelas , Quinolinas/síntese química , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/química , Ácidos/química , Catálise , Reação de Cicloadição , Química Verde , Quinolinas/química , Tensoativos/química , Água/química

RESUMO

The essential oil (EO) of clove bud dried fruits from Eugenia caryophyllus was obtained by a conventional hydrodistillation process in an excellent yield (11.7 %). Its chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS, identifying eugenol as a main constituent (60.5%). Four eugenol-like molecules, γ-diisoeugenol, hydroxymethyleugenol, dihydroeugenol and 1,3-dioxanylphenol, were synthesized using eugenol or isoeugenol as initial precursors under green chemistry protocols. To evaluate the possible antioxidant capacity of eugenol compounds including the clove bud EO, the Trolox® Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity value, obtained by the ABTS(+•) radical-cation discoloration method, was employed. The methodology was performed in a UV-Vis reader of 96-well microplates (dilution methodology), using well-known antioxidant agents (BHA, BHT and vitamin E) as reference compounds. It was found that the prepared eugenol derivatives had a more potent free radical scavenger activity than the reference compounds. In particular, the most active molecules, γ-diisoeugenol and 1,3-dioxanylphenol, were ca. 3-fold more potent than vitamin E.