RESUMO

Climate and air pollution have adverse effects on cultural heritage building materials. However, the quantified damage due to modeled changes in climate and air pollution is still poorly studied. Here, we review first the damage affecting these materials and the associated damage equations in the literature. Across all relevant studies (n = 87), we found only nine independent equations to estimate different damage categories, mainly limited to limestones. Then, by using current meteorological data and future bias-corrected CMIP6 climate and air pollution data at high resolution (1 km; historical and business-as-usual scenario) and applying these equations, we quantified the relative contributions of climate and air pollution changes on the building materials of eight cultural heritage sites of the European project Sustainable COnservation and REstoration of built cultural heritage (SCORE) from 2020 to 2100. On average across the sites, a significant decrease in damage is projected in surface recession (-10 % ± 10 %), biomass accumulation (-20 % ± 18 %), and wind-rain erosion (-7 % ± 6 %) in response to future climate and air pollution changes, except in the regions where precipitation substantially increases (Northern Europe). A large uncertainty in the relative magnitude of the damage to built cultural heritage materials was found for the same site, changes in surface recession vary up to a 40 % difference across the equations. Moreover, thermal expansion and lifetime multiplier equations project an increase in the related damage while all the other types of damage are significantly reduced. Finally, in general, but not systematically, climate-induced damage was found to be predominant over the pollution-induced one. Our results allow prioritizing cultural heritage maintenance decisions in regions where damage will further increase. Beyond simulated damages which are still limited use, we urge more campaign studies to determine real in situ damage in different climate locations to validate or build the best equations.

RESUMO

Introducción. El paro cardiorrespiratorio, es un evento extremadamente grave en cualquier persona, máxime en el caso particular de una embarazada, pues resultan dos pacientes potenciales a reanimar y sus consecuencias suelen ser fatales tanto para la madre como para el feto. Objetivo. Hacer una puesta al día de la reanimación cardiopulmonar cerebral en la paciente obstétrica. Desarrollo. Se puso a la consideración del lector, los diferentes conceptos de reanimación cardiopulmonar en la gestante y las particularidades del diagnóstico y tratamiento. Conclusiones. Resulta imprescindible la actualización sobre la reanimación cardiopulmonar en la gestante, toda vez que es una situación que se puede presentar con relativa frecuencia e impone un gran reto al equipo que lo enfrenta sobre todo porque no existen guías basadas en la evidencia que permitan enunciar recomendaciones como las que existen para adultos no gestantes o población pediátrica.

The cardiac-respiratory arrest is a very severe event in any person specially in the case of a pregnant patient since arte two the potential patients to resuscitate and its consequences are terrible for mother and for fetus. Objective: To make an update of cerebral cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation in the obstetric patient. Development: The different concepts of cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation in pregnant and the peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment must to be assessed by lector. Conclusions: It is essential the update on the cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation in the pregnant, since that it is a possible situation with a relative frequency and to impose a great challenge to staff facing it mainly because of there are based on the evidence-guidances allowing to formulate recommendations as the existing ones for the non-pregnant adults patients or for the pediatric population.