RESUMO
BACKGROUND: To describe demographic and clinicopathological aspects of a South-American cohort of incipient oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational study was performed to assess demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of incipient oral squamous cell carcinoma patients from 6 South-American institutions. RESULTS: One hundred and seven patients within the histopathological spectrum of incipient oral squamous cell carcinoma (in-situ and microinvasive) were included. Fifty-eight (54.2%) patients were men with a mean age of 60.69 years. Forty-nine (45.8%) and thirty-nine (36.5%) patients had history of tobacco and alcohol use, respectively. Clinically, most of the lesions were plaques (82.2%), ≥ 2 cm in extension (72%), affecting the lateral border of the tongue (55.1%), and soft palate (12.1%) with a mixed (white and red) appearance. Eighty-two (76.7%) lesions were predominantly white and 25 (23.3%) predominantly red. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of incipient oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, which raises awareness of clinicians' inspection acuteness by demonstrating the most frequent clinical aspects of this disease, potentially improving oral cancer secondary prevention strategies.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Idoso , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , AdultoRESUMO
The kinetic properties of a microsomal gill (Na+,K+)-ATPase from the freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium olfersii, acclimated to 21 per thousand salinity for 10 days were investigated using the substrate p-nitrophenylphosphate. The enzyme hydrolyzed this substrate obeying cooperative kinetics at a rate of 123.6+/-4.9 U mg-1 and K0.5=1.31+/-0.05 mmol L-1. Stimulation of K+-phosphatase activity by magnesium (Vmax=125.3+/-7.5 U mg-1; K0.5=2.09+/-0.06 mmol L-1), potassium (Vmax=134.2+/-6.7 U mg-1; K0.5=1.33+/-0.06 mmol L-1) and ammonium ions (Vmax=130.1+/-5.9 U mg-1; K0.5=11.4+/-0.5 mmol L-1) was also cooperative. While orthovanadate abolished p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity, ouabain inhibition reached 80% (KI=304.9+/-18.3 micromol L-1). The kinetic parameters estimated differ significantly from those for freshwater-acclimated shrimps, suggesting expression of different isoenzymes during salinity adaptation. Despite the approximately 2-fold reduction in K+-phosphatase specific activity, Western blotting analysis revealed similar alpha-subunit expression in gill tissue from shrimps acclimated to 21 per thousand salinity or fresh water, although expression of phosphate-hydrolyzing enzymes other than (Na+,K+)-ATPase was stimulated by high salinity acclimation.
Assuntos
Brânquias/enzimologia , ATPase Trocadora de Hidrogênio-Potássio/metabolismo , Palaemonidae/fisiologia , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/metabolismo , Adaptação Fisiológica , Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Animais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Água Doce , ATPase Trocadora de Hidrogênio-Potássio/efeitos dos fármacos , Cinética , Magnésio/farmacologia , Microssomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos/enzimologia , Nitrofenóis/farmacologia , Compostos Organofosforados/farmacologia , Potássio/farmacologia , Subunidades Proteicas , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons , Cloreto de SódioRESUMO
This paper presents the behaviour of a full-scale expanded bed reactor (160 m3) with overlaid anaerobic and aerobic zones used for municipal wastewater treatment. The research was carried out in two experimental steps: anaerobic and anaerobic-aerobic conditions, and the experimental results presented in this paper refer to four months of reactor operation. In the anaerobic condition, after inoculation and 60 days of operation, the reactor treating 3.40 kg CODm(-3)d(-1) for thetaH of 2.69 h, reached mean removal efficiencies of 76% for BOD, 72% for COD, and 80% for TSS, when the effluent presented mean values of 225 mg.L(-1) of COD, 98 mg.L(-1) of BOD and 35 mg.L(-1) of TSS. Under these conditions, for nitrogen loading of 0.27 kgN.m(-3)d(-1), the reactor generated an effluent with mean N-org. of 8 mg.L(-1) and N-ammon. of 37 mg.L(-1), demonstrating high potential of ammonification. For the anaerobic-aerobic condition (118th day) the system was operated with thetaH of 5.38 h presented mean removal efficiencies of 84% for BOD, 79% for COD, 76% for TSS, and 30% for TKN. The reactor's operation time was less than two months, which was not long enough to reach nitrification. Regarding the obtained results, this research confirmed that this reactor is configured as a flexible and adequate alternative for the treatment of sewage, requiring relatively small area and only thetaH of 10 h that can be adjusted to the local circumstances.
Assuntos
Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental , Aerobiose , AnaerobioseRESUMO
This paper describes the performance, sludge production and biofilm characteristics of a full scale fluidized bed anaerobic reactor (32 m3) for domestic wastewater treatment. The reactor was operated with 10.5 m x h(-1) upflow velocity, 3.2 h hydraulic retention time, and recirculation ratio of 0.85 and it presented removal efficiencies of 71+/-8% of COD and 77+/-14% of TSS. During the apparent steady-state period, specific sludge production and sludge age in the reactor were (0.116+/-0.033) kgVSS. kgCOD(-1) and (12+/-5)d, respectively. Biofilm formed in the reactor presented two different patterns: one of them at the beginning of the colonization and the other of mature biofilm. These different colonization patterns are due to bed stratification in the reactor, caused by the difference in local-energy dissipation rates along the reactor's height, and density, shape, etc. of the bioparticles. The biofilm population is formed mainly of syntrophic consortia among sulfate reducing bacteria, methanogenic archaea such as Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta-like cells.
Assuntos
Bactérias Anaeróbias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Reatores Biológicos , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Bactérias Anaeróbias/fisiologia , Dinâmica Populacional , Movimentos da ÁguaRESUMO
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is consistently found in tumor cells of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) endemic in central Africa and malaria is considered a pathogenic cofactor. In contrast, fewer than 20% of BL cases occurring in Western countries are EBV-associated. We have investigated 54 BL cases from Bahia, a tropical region of Northeast Brazil, for expression of EBV gene products by in situ hybridization and immunohistology and performed typing of the EBV by polymerase chain reaction. Ten pediatric BL cases from Germany served as controls. New cases of malaria were not observed in the period and area of our study. Small nuclear EBV encoded transcripts, EBER, were found in tumor cells of 47 of 54 Brazilian cases (87%) but in only 2 of 10 German cases (20%). Type I latency of the EBV infection with absence of EBV-encoded proteins LMP1 and EBNA2 was found in 45 of 47 of the EBER-positive Brazilian cases. In two cases, occasional LMP1-containing tumor cells were found in the neighborhood of small Schistosoma mansoni granulomas and scars. BHLF1 transcripts associated with lytic EBV infection could be detected in few cells in 3 of the 40 EBER-positive Brazilian cases investigated. EBV type A was found in the majority of Brazilian BL cases (20 of 30 A-type, 7 of 30 B-type, and 3 of 30 not amplifiable). Our results indicate that the association of Bahian BL with EBV, but not the regional prevalence of malaria, is similar to endemic African BL. In two cases, type II latency was found in association with schistosomiasis, suggesting a role of this parasitosis in the induction of an EBV expression pattern that is unusual for BL. Because chronic schistosomiasis is associated with elevated Th2 cytokine expression resulting in reduced cell-mediated cytotoxicity, it seems possible that altered local immunity is responsible for this peculiar phenotype.
Assuntos
Linfoma de Burkitt/virologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica , Infecções por Herpesviridae/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , RNA Viral/biossíntese , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/genética , Proteínas Virais/biossíntese , Adolescente , África/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Sequência de Bases , Brasil/epidemiologia , Linfoma de Burkitt/epidemiologia , Linfoma de Burkitt/etiologia , Linfoma de Burkitt/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cicatriz/complicações , Cicatriz/patologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Etnicidade , Feminino , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Granuloma/complicações , Granuloma/patologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/isolamento & purificação , Herpesvirus Humano 4/fisiologia , Humanos , Hibridização In Situ , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Viral/genética , Esquistossomose mansoni/complicações , Esquistossomose mansoni/patologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Proteínas da Matriz Viral/biossíntese , Proteínas da Matriz Viral/genética , Proteínas Virais/genética , Latência Viral/genéticaRESUMO
A case of a 6 year old child, with a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma involving simultaneously the leg muscles and the kidney is reported. The renal tumor distorted the pyelocalycial system and Wilms' tumor was the clinical diagnosis. The authors discuss on the possible primary site of the tumor.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Rabdomiossarcoma/patologia , Tumor de Wilms/patologia , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Perna (Membro)/patologia , Doenças Musculares/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologiaRESUMO
A total of 15 patients with relapsed Wilms' tumor were treated with carboplatin as a single agent. There were six females and nine males, aged between 2 and 9 years (median:5). The treatment consisted of carboplatin given I.V. as a single agent at a dose of 550 mg/m2 over 1 hour every 3 weeks. There were four (26%) complete responses, four (26%) partial responses, one stable disease, and six with progressive disease. In all patients a total of 56 courses were given and the toxicities found were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The overall response rate was encouraging and the toxicity was acceptable and reversible.
Assuntos
Carboplatina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Tumor de Wilms/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Abdominais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Abdominais/secundário , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Masculino , Indução de Remissão , Tumor de Wilms/secundárioRESUMO
A total of 15 patients with relapsed Wilms' tumor were treated with carboplatin as a single agent. There were six females and nine males, aged between 2 and 9 years (median:5). The treatment consisted of carboplatin given I.V. as a single agent at a dose of 550 mg/m2 over 1 hour every 3 weeks. There were four (26%) complete responses, four (26%) partial responses, one stable disease, and six with progressive disease. In all patients a total of 56 courses were given and the toxicities found were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The overall response rate was encouraging and the toxicity was acceptable and reversible.
Assuntos
Carboplatina , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Tumor de WilmsRESUMO
An 8-year-old boy was seen with a cutaneous Ki-1 anaplastic, large cell lymphoma with multiple lesions. Some of the lesions showed spontaneous regression. During more than seven years of disease no systemic involvement was observed, but recurrent, self-healing lesions did appear. Histopathologic examination of five lesions revealed a variety of findings, from an inflammatory infiltrate to a highly anaplastic pattern. The neoplastic cells expressed Ki-1 and leukocyte common antigens. Ultrastructurally, those cells showed ruffled indentations. The differential diagnosis includes microvillous malignant lymphoma. The patient has had a four-year follow-up without relapses.
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Regressão Neoplásica Espontânea/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Abdominais/patologia , Antígenos CD/análise , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análise , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Criança , Citoplasma/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Antígeno Ki-1 , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/química , Masculino , Neoplasias Cutâneas/químicaRESUMO
A 7-month-old boy had a giant pigmented lesion involving the trunk and thighs that exhibited many hyperpigmented hairy and verrucous nevi. One of the nevi ulcerated and on histological examination consisted of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma cells that stained for muscle-specific actin (HHF-35), desmin, and myoglobin. Around the tumor, in the dermis, benign pigmented nevus cells were observed. The occurrence of malignant tumors, other than malignant melanoma, in pigmented nevi is rarely described.
Assuntos
Nevo Pigmentado/congênito , Rabdomiossarcoma/complicações , Neoplasias Cutâneas/complicações , Actinas/análise , Desmina/análise , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Lactente , Queratinas/análise , Masculino , Nevo Pigmentado/química , Nevo Pigmentado/complicações , Nevo Pigmentado/patologia , Rabdomiossarcoma/química , Rabdomiossarcoma/patologia , Pele/química , Pele/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/química , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Vimentina/análiseRESUMO
Sao apresentados tres casos de hiperplasia linfoide pseudotumoral de ileo terminal e valvula ileocecal causando obstrucao e invaginacao intestinais, todos incidindo em criancas com idade igual ou inferior a tres anos. Em um caso, houve associacao com linfoma linfocitico pouco diferenciado, nodular, da mucosa da valvula ileocecal. Sao feitas consideracoes sobre o diagnostico e o tratamento da hiperplasia linfoide localizada nessa area do intestino
Assuntos
Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Íleo , Neoplasias Intestinais , Linfonodos , Linfoma , HiperplasiaRESUMO
There were described the first three South American cases of subcutaneous zygomycosis caused by B. haptosporus. The patients were children from nearby towns lying just north of 13 degrees latitude S. The diagnosis was based on histopathological aspects plus cultural isolation of the fungus.