RESUMO
Research on the relationship between the operation of sewing machines and the appearance of musculoskeletal disorders has been conducted mainly among women working in garment or textile production, in developed countries; little is known about male sewing machine operators in other industries, in less developed countries. This study involved 143 Mexican men operating sewing machines in eight shoe factories; 132 of them operated flat-type machines, 11 column-type machines. When studied, the operators had been in this task for at least one year. The study aimed to identify the body regions more liable to develop musculoskeletal disorders and the rates both of appearance of such troubles and of sick leave resulting from them. A questionnaire was given to each worker, asking for their work history, the presence of musculoskeletal disorders at the time of the inquiry, and the frequency of sick leave during the previous 12 months; additionally, a number of workers were filmed on video and this material was then used to identify the body regions undergoing the major work demands. 47.5% of the subjects declared current musculoskeletal disorders; a statistical difference was found when the two groups were considered separately. Low back pain was the most frequent at a rate of 18.2% for both groups; the shoulder was a site of complaint for 14% of the subjects, being three times more frequent among column-machine operators; the back as a whole was mentioned also by 14% of the subjects, all of them flat-machine operators; 4.9% of the subjects complained of neck pain and again none of the column-machine operators was affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Sapatos , Adulto , Dor nas Costas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Gravação em VídeoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of body postural changes (supine-upright), upon the serum concentration of cholesterol (CT), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and hemoglobin, hematocrit, and plasma proteins (to calculate delta% change in plasma y volume). Nine healthy men participated as subjects. Their age ranged from 32 +/- 3 years old, and 16 +/- 4% body fat (X +/- SD). After 10-12 hours post absorptive and appropriate rest, they performed a standard orthostatic maneuver: subjects remained supine for 30 minutes, then assumed the standing position (unsupported and with minimal movement) for additional 30 minutes. Blood samples were obtained after 30 minutes supine and at 10, 20 and 30 minutes of standing. At 10 minutes of orthostatism, CT, TG, HDL and VLDL had a significant increase as compared to supine values; these changes were associated with a reduction of 8.9% on plasma volume (PV) (p less than 0.05). After 30 minutes of orthostatism CT, TG, HDL and VLDL showed increments of 8.5%, 33.3%, 20.1% and 32% respectively, in relation to the supine values (p less than 0.05). Changes on serum lipids were associated with PV reductions until 20 minutes of orthostatism. However, there was not a significant association between these variables at 30 minutes of standing. These data indicated that the body position and the time in which blood samples are obtained significantly influence lipid and lipoprotein serum level. Therefore, in any study related to lipids, such variables should be considered and properly controlled.