RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate and select entomopathogenic fungi that produces insecticidal compounds for the control of adults of Anastrepha obliqua Macquart (Diptera: tephritidae) that are the main pest of mango (Mangifera indica L. Bark) in Colombia. Nine entomopathogenic fungi isolates were evaluated, five belonging to the genus Metarhizium and four belonging to the genus Beauveria. One strain of the species Metarhizium robertsii with insecticidal activity was selected. By column fractionation, an active fraction was obtained, which caused mortalities higher than 90% after 48 h of exposure. Through HPLC it was determined that the active fraction is composed of more than 22 metabolites. Identification of the metabolites by UHPLC MS/MS revealed the presence of destruxin in E, D, A and B groups (destruxin E-diol, destruxin D, destruxin D1, destruxin D2, destruxin A2, destruxin A, destruxin A3, dihydrodestruxin A, desmB, destruxin B2, destruxin B and destruxin B1). The evaluation of the insecticidal capacity of the organic fractions obtained by HPLC indicated that the extract obtained from the isolate M. robertsii had a compound with high activity on adults of A. obliqua (destruxin A) causing massive mortality of up to 100%, after 48 h of the treatment administration. Furthermore, two other compounds with medium activity were found (destruxin A2 and destruxin B), showing mortalities between 60.0 and 81.3%, respectively. The extract of the isolate MT008 of M. robertsii showed higher insecticidal activity and a potential source for the control of A. obliqua.
Assuntos
Inseticidas , Mangifera , Tephritidae , Animais , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Colômbia , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
Introducción. El síndrome metabólico (SM) constituye una serie de desórdenes metabólicos que en conjunto son considerados factor de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes y enfermedad cardiovascular. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia del SM y sus componentes en estudiantes del campus San Lorenzo dela Universidad Nacional de Asunción en el periodo 2015-2016. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transverso con un muestreo por conglomerados. Se incluyeron a 163 estudiantes de facultades o institutos seleccionados. Se aplicó un cuestionario para datos sociodemográficos y actividad física, y se realizaron mediciones de circunferencia de cintura(CC), peso y altura, además de niveles séricos en ayunas de glucosa, colesterol-HDLc y triglicéridos, conjuntamente con medición de presión arterial para determinar la presencia de SM según los criterios del Panel III (NCEP-ATP-III). Los datos fueron resguardados con estricta confidencialidad. Resultados.El50,92% de los participantes era del sexo masculino, con edad promedio de 21,6± 2,4 años. El 49,7% fueron considerados sedentarios,25,16% presentó sobrepeso, 8,59% obesidad,6,75% CCelevaday16,56% hipertensión. El 2,45% y 4,9% presenta ronglicemia basal y triglicérido elevados, respectivamente, y 37,42%HDL-c bajo. La prevalencia del SM fue del 4,91%,el 52,15 % presentó al menos un factor del NCEP-ATP-III para SM Conclusión. Alrededor de la mitad de los participantes presentó al menos un factor de riesgo de SM, y los componentes más frecuentes fueron la baja concentración de HDLc, y la hipertensión arterial. Se recomienda acciones preventivas en la población juvenil basadas en actividad física y alimentación saludable. Palabras Clave: síndrome metabólico; hipertensión; sobrepeso; adulto joven
Introduction: The metabolic syndrome (MS) constitutes of a series of metabolic disorders that together are considered a risk factor to develop diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Objective.To determine the prevalence of MS and its components in students of the National University of Asunción San Lorenzo Campusin the 2015-2016 period. Materials and Methods.Observational descriptive cross-sectional study with a cluster sampling. A total of 163 students from selected faculties or instituteswas included. A questionnaire was applied for sociodemographic data and physical activityandwaist circumference(WC), weight and height were measured, as well as fasting serum levels of Glucose, HDLc cholesterol and triglycerides, together with blood pressure to determine the presence of MS according to the Panel III criteria (NCEP-ATP-III). All data were kept strictly confidential. Results. 50,92% of participants were male, with a mean age of 21,6± 2,4 years.49.7% were considered sedentary,25,16% presented overweight, and 8,59% obesity, 16,56%hypertension. 6,75% presentedan elevated abdominal circumference,2,45% elevated basal glycemia, 4,9% elevated Triglycerides, 37,42% low HDLc.The prevalence of MS was 4,91%and52,15% presented at least one NCEP-ATP-III factor for MS. Conclusion. Aroundhalf of the participantspresented at least one risk factor for MS, the most frequent components were low HDLc concentration and arterial hypertension.It is recommendedpreventive actions in the youth population based on physical activity and healthy eating. Key words: metabolic syndrome; hypertension; overweight; young adult
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Síndrome Metabólica , Hipertensão , Sobrepeso , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Excessive alcohol intake affects hippocampal function and neuronal communication through oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment. Previous studies have suggested that the melanocortin system (MCS) plays an essential role in alcohol consumption and addiction. The MCS is a hypothalamic region involved in regulating inflammatory processes in the brain, and its pharmacological activation through the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) reduces both alcohol consumption and the neuroinflammatory responses in the brain. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in the beneficial actions of MCS against ethanol toxicity are not entirely understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective role of the MC4R pharmacological activator RO27-3225 on oxidative damage and mitochondrial impairment present in hippocampal neuronal cultures acutely exposed to ethanol (50, 75 mM, 24 h). Pre-treatment with RO27-3225 (250 nM, 1 h) prevented reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase, dysregulation of cytosolic calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial potential loss induced by ethanol. Improvement of mitochondrial failure produced by RO27-3225 was accompanied by a significant increase in ATP production in ethanol-treated neurons. More importantly, RO27-3225 promoted the activation of the antioxidant pathway Nrf-2, demonstrated by an increase in the expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf-2, and upregulation of mRNA levels of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), an antioxidant enzyme which expression is activated by this pathway. These results suggest that the stimulation of MC4R prevents oxidative damage and mitochondrial stress induced by ethanol through the activation of the Nrf-2 pathway in cultured hippocampal neurons. These results are novel and demonstrate the critical function of MC4R in promoting antioxidant defense and reducing mitochondrial damage produced by ethanol in the brain.
Assuntos
Cálcio/metabolismo , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/fisiologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Receptor Tipo 4 de Melanocortina/metabolismo , Animais , Antioxidantes , Células Cultivadas , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/toxicidade , Etanol/toxicidade , Hipocampo/citologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/efeitos dos fármacos , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Receptor Tipo 4 de Melanocortina/agonistasRESUMO
Introducción: La forma más fácil y económica para observar el crecimiento es la antropometría, Para medir el crecimiento se utilizan estándares de referencia que evalúan a la normalidad del crecimiento. Las curvas de crecimiento recomendadas por la OMS hasta antes del 2006 eran las del NCHS y CDC, a partir de abril del 2006 la OMS propuso el uso del nuevo patrón de crecimiento. Objetivo: Medir la concordancia entre las tablas de referencias de crecimiento de la OMS 2007 y del NCHS/CDC 2000 utilizando los indicadores talla para la edad (T/E) e índice de masa corporal para la edad (IMC/E). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio analítico de corte trasverso. Se estudiaron 148 niños de entre 5 y 16 años que asistieron a escuelas de tres comunidades rurales. Las variables analizadas fueron T/E e IMC/E diferenciada por sexo. Se estimó el coeficiente kappa para evaluar la concordancia entre las referencias. Se utilizó programas estadísticos WHO Antro Plus V.1.0.4, y con EpiInfo v3.5.1 2008. Resultados: La concordancia más alta se encontró entre las referencias de la OMS 2007 y el CDC 2000 con el indicador T/E en la niñas con κ=0,882 y en los niños κ=0,760; con el indicador IMC/E el coeficiente Kappa más alto se encontró en la población de niños (κ=0,733) y en las niñas (κ=0,452). Conclusiones: Se obtuvo una concordancia buena entre ambas tablas de referencias para el indicador T/E. Existen concordancia moderada con el indicador IMC/E entre las referencias de la OMS 2007 y CDC 2000 para el diagnóstico nutricional.
Introduction: The easiest and most economical way to observe growth is anthropometry. To measure growth, reference standards are used that evaluate the normality of growth. The growth curves recommended by the WHO until before 2006 were those of the NCHS and the CDC. As of April 2006, the WHO proposed the use of new growth pattern charts. Objective: To measure the concordance between the 2007 WHO growth reference tables and those of the 2000 NCHS / CDC using the height-for-age (T / E) and body-mass-index-for-age (BMI / E) indicators. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. We studied 148 children between 5 and 16 years of age who attended schools in three rural communities. The variables analyzed were T / E and BMI / E, differentiated by sex. The kappa coefficient was estimated in order to evaluate the concordance between the references. The WHO Antro Plus V.1.0.4 and Epi Info v3.5.1 2008 were used for statistical analysis. Results: The highest concordance was found between the 2007 WHO growth reference tables and the 2000 CDC tables with the T / E indicator in girls with κ = 0.882 and in boys with κ = 0.760; with the IMC / E indicator, the highest Kappa coefficient was found in the population of boys (κ = 0.733) and in girls (κ = 0.452). Conclusions: There is good concordance between both reference tables for the T / E indicator. There is moderate agreement with the IMC / E indicator between the 2007 WHO and 2000 CDC growth references tables for the diagnosis of nutritional status..