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This study compares the physicochemical characteristics of breast meat (Pectoralis major) from conventional chicken and free-range chicken production systems. Analyses of pH, instrumental color measurement, weight loss from cooking (WLC), and water retention capacity (WRC) were carried out. Average pH values were slightly higher for conventional chicken samples. WLC did not show a significant difference between conventional and free-range chicken samples. The WRC was better and higher for the free-range chicken samples than the conventional ones. The mean values for luminosity (L*) were within the normal range, with slightly higher values for conventional chicken. In chromatids a* and b*, there was a tendency towards a more reddish color for free-range chicken samples. The differences found for types of production can be explained mainly by the difference in age at slaughter, the degree of physical activity, animal feeding, among other characteristics that differentiate an animal raised by the extensive system from the intensive system.

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The search for healthy foods has attracted the industry's attention to developing products that use natural ingredients, including natural antioxidants. Antioxidants act as free radicals or oxygen scavengers, inhibiting lipid oxidation and adversely affecting meat products' sensory and nutritional quality. Several synthetic antioxidants have been used in the meat industry; however, studies point to health risks related to their consumption. Such fact drives research into natural antioxidants extracted from grains, oilseeds, spices, fruits, and vegetables, which may have a health-promoting effect. This manuscript evaluates the effectiveness of several natural antioxidants in improving the quality and shelf life of chicken meat products during processing, storage, and distribution. The potential effects of natural antioxidants widely used in chicken products are also discussed. It can be concluded that these natural antioxidants are possible substitutes for synthetic ones. However, their use can affect the product's characteristics.

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The purinergic system participates in the control of blood pressure. Hypertension promotes the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders such as intestinal inflammation and gastric emptying delay. This study aimed i) to investigate the participation of the P2X7 receptor blocker Brilliant Blue G (BBG) on gastric emptying of solids and changes in oxidative stress in the gastric fundus, duodenum, and colon of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and ii) to study the putative relationship of this effect with the renin-angiotensin system. Rats were divided into five groups: Control, SHR, SHR+BBG, SHR+BBG+ATP, and SHR+BBG+ANG II. In the gastrointestinal tract, we assessed gastric emptying (GE) and oxidative stress markers (NOx, MPO, GSH, SOD). We observed a decrease in the GE rate (P<0.05) in SHR vs control rats (21.8±2.0% vs 42.8±3.5%). The decrease in GE was returned (P<0.05) to control levels by BBG in SHR rats (21.8±2.0% vs 41.6±3.2%). Co-administration of ATP or ANG II together with BBG bypassed the effect of the P2X7 antagonist on GE in SHR (P<0.05) (21.9±5.0% vs 25.6±3.0% vs 41.6±3.2%). The MPO activity increased (P<0.05) in the gastric fundus of SHR compared to control rats (6.12±2.26 vs 0.077±0.02 UMPO/mg tissue); this effect was prevented (P<0.05) by BBG (0.55±0.15 vs 6.12±2.26 UMPO/mg tissue). Data demonstrated that blockage of P2X7 receptors with BBG can improve the GE delay and oxidative stress biomarkers in SHR animals. This preventive effect of BBG on GE delay was abrogated by ANG II and ATP, thus prompting crosstalk between renin-angiotensin and the purinergic signaling systems underlying this phenomenon.

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The purinergic system participates in the control of blood pressure. Hypertension promotes the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders such as intestinal inflammation and gastric emptying delay. This study aimed i) to investigate the participation of the P2X7 receptor blocker Brilliant Blue G (BBG) on gastric emptying of solids and changes in oxidative stress in the gastric fundus, duodenum, and colon of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and ii) to study the putative relationship of this effect with the renin-angiotensin system. Rats were divided into five groups: Control, SHR, SHR+BBG, SHR+BBG+ATP, and SHR+BBG+ANG II. In the gastrointestinal tract, we assessed gastric emptying (GE) and oxidative stress markers (NOx, MPO, GSH, SOD). We observed a decrease in the GE rate (P<0.05) in SHR vs control rats (21.8±2.0% vs 42.8±3.5%). The decrease in GE was returned (P<0.05) to control levels by BBG in SHR rats (21.8±2.0% vs 41.6±3.2%). Co-administration of ATP or ANG II together with BBG bypassed the effect of the P2X7 antagonist on GE in SHR (P<0.05) (21.9±5.0% vs 25.6±3.0% vs 41.6±3.2%). The MPO activity increased (P<0.05) in the gastric fundus of SHR compared to control rats (6.12±2.26 vs 0.077±0.02 UMPO/mg tissue); this effect was prevented (P<0.05) by BBG (0.55±0.15 vs 6.12±2.26 UMPO/mg tissue). Data demonstrated that blockage of P2X7 receptors with BBG can improve the GE delay and oxidative stress biomarkers in SHR animals. This preventive effect of BBG on GE delay was abrogated by ANG II and ATP, thus prompting crosstalk between renin-angiotensin and the purinergic signaling systems underlying this phenomenon.

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INTRODUCTION: Low back pain in military pilots is a frequent condition which constantly leads to absences from work, decreased concentration and performance during flight, as well as changes in work functions. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analytical study including 28 fighter pilots who underwent an evaluation comprising muscle strength and fatigue resistance, trunk mobility and application of questionnaires to identify associated clinical factors. RESULTS: It was observed that 68% of the pilots reported low back pain with an average pain intensity of 3.7 at numerical pain scale in the last week. No significant differences were observed regarding the range of motion and trunk muscle strength when pilots with low back pain were compared with asymptomatic pilots. However, lateral right trunk muscle (mean difference=16, 95% CI 0.6 to 33.0]) and lateral left trunk muscle (mean difference=22, 95% CI 1 to 44) fatigue sooner in pilots with low back pain when the two groups were compared (p=0.04 for both). CONCLUSION: There was a high rate of low back pain complaints among fighter pilots. There was also a significant reduction in fatigue resistance of the lateral trunk muscles in symptomatic pilots when compared with asymptomatic pilots. These factors must be considered in the physical training of this population.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mediation effect of socioeconomic position and racial discrimination in the association between race/color and incidence of hypertension in 4-years follow up. METHODS: We included 8,370 participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). A latent variable was constructed to represent socioeconomic position (SEP). The perception of discrimination was measured through an adaptation of the Lifetime Major Events Scale; and hypertension was defined using standard criteria. We investigated Body Mass Index (BMI) due to its role in proximal risk for hypertension. To investigate the mediating role of SEP and racial discrimination, we used structural equation modeling. RESULTS: SEP had a direct and negative effect on HT incidence (HT incidence increased in worse SEP categories), while the effect of BMI on HT was direct and positive. We did not find significant direct effects of race/color and racial discrimination on HT. As for indirect effects, we observed associations between race/color and HT only through SEP mediation. CONCLUSION: According to our results, race/color is indirectly related to HT incidence, mediated by SEP. Racial discrimination was not a mediator in the relationship between race/color and HT in the follow-up period.

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Abstract Many plants may accumulate rainwater, forming phytotelmata, aquatic microhabitats inhabited by various organisms. The aim of this study was to conduct an inventory of heterotrophic flagellates associated with phytotelmata of the bromeliad Aechmea distichantha Lem., found in rocky cliffs on the Upper Paraná River. The bromeliads were removed manually from the rocky wall, the water was removed and cultures of organisms of each plant were mounted in Petri dishes. Sixteen species of heterotrophic flagellate were recorded, drawn and described, among them one species belonging to the Amorpha Domain and 15 species to the Diaphoretiches Domain. The groups with most species were Euglenida and Kinetoplastea. The low diversity of heterotrophic flagellates recorded in this study, compared to the plankton of lakes and reservoirs, is probably related to the fact that phytotelmata are habitats with extreme environmental conditions, thus selecting organisms tolerant to these environments.

Resumo Em sua superfície externa, muitas plantas podem acumular água da chuva formando fitotelmata, ou seja, micro-habitat aquáticos colonizados por diversos organismos, entre eles, os flagelados protistas. Fez-se um inventário de flagelados heterotróficos associados ao fitotelmata da bromélia Aechmea distichantha Lem., encontrada em paredões rochosos em um trecho da bacia do alto rio Paraná. As bromélias foram retiradas manualmente de paredão rochoso e, em laboratório, a água foi retirada dos tanques de cada planta, e foram montadas culturas dos organismos em placas de Petri. Os flagelados heterotróficos foram, então, observados in vivo sob microscópio óptico Olympus BX51, com sistema de contraste de interferência diferencial (DIC) acoplado. Dezesseis espécies flagelados heterotróficos foram registradas, desenhadas e descritas, sendo uma espécie pertencente ao Domínio Amorpha e 15 espécies ao Domínio Diaphoretiches. Os grupos mais especiosos foram Euglenida e Kinetoplastea. A diversidade relativamente reduzida de flagelados heterotróficos, quando comparada ao plâncton de lagos e reservatórios, pode estar relacionada ao fato de os fitotelmata serem habitats limitados, com condições ambientais extremas, selecionando, assim, organismos tolerantes a esses ambientes.

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Many plants may accumulate rainwater, forming phytotelmata, aquatic microhabitats inhabited by various organisms. The aim of this study was to conduct an inventory of heterotrophic flagellates associated with phytotelmata of the bromeliad Aechmea distichantha Lem., found in rocky cliffs on the Upper Paraná River. The bromeliads were removed manually from the rocky wall, the water was removed and cultures of organisms of each plant were mounted in Petri dishes. Sixteen species of heterotrophic flagellate were recorded, drawn and described, among them one species belonging to the Amorpha Domain and 15 species to the Diaphoretiches Domain. The groups with most species were Euglenida and Kinetoplastea. The low diversity of heterotrophic flagellates recorded in this study, compared to the plankton of lakes and reservoirs, is probably related to the fact that phytotelmata are habitats with extreme environmental conditions, thus selecting organisms tolerant to these environments.

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Many plants may accumulate rainwater, forming phytotelmata, aquatic microhabitats inhabited by various organisms. The aim of this study was to conduct an inventory of heterotrophic flagellates associated with phytotelmata of the bromeliad Aechmea distichantha Lem., found in rocky cliffs on the Upper Paraná River. The bromeliads were removed manually from the rocky wall, the water was removed and cultures of organisms of each plant were mounted in Petri dishes. Sixteen species of heterotrophic flagellate were recorded, drawn and described, among them one species belonging to the Amorpha Domain and 15 species to the Diaphoretiches Domain. The groups with most species were Euglenida and Kinetoplastea. The low diversity of heterotrophic flagellates recorded in this study, compared to the plankton of lakes and reservoirs, is probably related to the fact that phytotelmata are habitats with extreme environmental conditions, thus selecting organisms tolerant to these environments.(AU)

Em sua superfície externa, muitas plantas podem acumular água da chuva formando fitotelmata, ou seja, micro-habitat aquáticos colonizados por diversos organismos, entre eles, os flagelados protistas. Fez-se um inventário de flagelados heterotróficos associados ao fitotelmata da bromélia Aechmea distichantha Lem., encontrada em paredões rochosos em um trecho da bacia do alto rio Paraná. As bromélias foram retiradas manualmente de paredão rochoso e, em laboratório, a água foi retirada dos tanques de cada planta, e foram montadas culturas dos organismos em placas de Petri. Os flagelados heterotróficos foram, então, observados in vivo sob microscópio óptico Olympus BX51, com sistema de contraste de interferência diferencial (DIC) acoplado. Dezesseis espécies flagelados heterotróficos foram registradas, desenhadas e descritas, sendo uma espécie pertencente ao Domínio Amorpha e 15 espécies ao Domínio Diaphoretiches. Os grupos mais especiosos foram Euglenida e Kinetoplastea. A diversidade relativamente reduzida de flagelados heterotróficos, quando comparada ao plâncton de lagos e reservatórios, pode estar relacionada ao fato de os fitotelmata serem habitats limitados, com condições ambientais extremas, selecionando, assim, organismos tolerantes a esses ambientes.(AU)

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Abstract Background Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a disorder in which the patient presents a cognitive decline, but without negative impact on the activities of daily living. Objective To carry out a systematic review of published studies that analyzed the prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in older adults living in the community, and the criteria used for the diagnosis of this disorder. Methods A search was carried out in May 2017 using the descriptors: "epidemiology" or "prevalence", "mild cognitive impairment", and "community" in the PubMed, PsycInfo, SciELO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Two independent researchers extracted and documented the data. We used a random effect model to calculate pooled prevalence of MCI for overall studies and for each subgroup divided by diagnostic criteria. Results We found initially 1996 articles, and we selected 35 studies. The prevalence of MCI in the selected studies ranged from 0.5% to 41.8%. The overall pooled prevalence of MCI was 17.3% (CI 95%, 13.8-20.8), with significant heterogeneity between estimates (I2 = 99.6%). Discussion The standardization of the diagnostic criteria for MCI, as well as the tests used in the cognitive evaluation, could allow the comparison between the studies and would be an important step in the researches of this area.

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Abstract Many plants may accumulate rainwater, forming phytotelmata, aquatic microhabitats inhabited by various organisms. The aim of this study was to conduct an inventory of heterotrophic flagellates associated with phytotelmata of the bromeliad Aechmea distichantha Lem., found in rocky cliffs on the Upper Paraná River. The bromeliads were removed manually from the rocky wall, the water was removed and cultures of organisms of each plant were mounted in Petri dishes. Sixteen species of heterotrophic flagellate were recorded, drawn and described, among them one species belonging to the Amorpha Domain and 15 species to the Diaphoretiches Domain. The groups with most species were Euglenida and Kinetoplastea. The low diversity of heterotrophic flagellates recorded in this study, compared to the plankton of lakes and reservoirs, is probably related to the fact that phytotelmata are habitats with extreme environmental conditions, thus selecting organisms tolerant to these environments.

Resumo Em sua superfície externa, muitas plantas podem acumular água da chuva formando fitotelmata, ou seja, micro-habitat aquáticos colonizados por diversos organismos, entre eles, os flagelados protistas. Fez-se um inventário de flagelados heterotróficos associados ao fitotelmata da bromélia Aechmea distichantha Lem., encontrada em paredões rochosos em um trecho da bacia do alto rio Paraná. As bromélias foram retiradas manualmente de paredão rochoso e, em laboratório, a água foi retirada dos tanques de cada planta, e foram montadas culturas dos organismos em placas de Petri. Os flagelados heterotróficos foram, então, observados in vivo sob microscópio óptico Olympus BX51, com sistema de contraste de interferência diferencial (DIC) acoplado. Dezesseis espécies flagelados heterotróficos foram registradas, desenhadas e descritas, sendo uma espécie pertencente ao Domínio Amorpha e 15 espécies ao Domínio Diaphoretiches. Os grupos mais especiosos foram Euglenida e Kinetoplastea. A diversidade relativamente reduzida de flagelados heterotróficos, quando comparada ao plâncton de lagos e reservatórios, pode estar relacionada ao fato de os fitotelmata serem habitats limitados, com condições ambientais extremas, selecionando, assim, organismos tolerantes a esses ambientes.

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AIMS: This study investigates the antimicrobial activity in Staphylococcus aureus isolates (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) and antioxidant activity of green propolis, Baccharis dracunculifolia DC extracts and Artepillin C™. METHODS AND RESULTS: The amount of Artepillin C in different extracts was determined by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Minimum inhibitory concentration 90 (MIC90) was determined using 40 isolates of S. aureus inoculated in Müeller-Hinton agar culture medium containing the green propolis and B. dracunculifolia DC extracts. PVEE (green propolis ethanolic extract) and BDEH (B. dracunculifolia hexanic extract) showed the greatest antimicrobial activity with MIC90 values of 246·3 and 295·5 µg ml-1 respectively. Green propolis ethanolic and hexanic extracts (PVEE and PVEH respectively) showed the greatest antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical) with IC50 values of 13·09 and 95·86 µg ml-1 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Green propolis ethanolic displays better antimicrobial and antioxidant activities compared to other extracts. These activities may be related to the presence of Artepillin C in synergism with the other constituents of the extracts. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of green propolis and B. dracunculifolia DC demonstrated in MRSA and MSSA clinical isolates indicated that they can be important tools to treat infections caused by these bacteria.

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Abstract Many plants may accumulate rainwater, forming phytotelmata, aquatic microhabitats inhabited by various organisms. The aim of this study was to conduct an inventory of heterotrophic flagellates associated with phytotelmata of the bromeliad Aechmea distichantha Lem., found in rocky cliffs on the Upper Paraná River. The bromeliads were removed manually from the rocky wall, the water was removed and cultures of organisms of each plant were mounted in Petri dishes. Sixteen species of heterotrophic flagellate were recorded, drawn and described, among them one species belonging to the Amorpha Domain and 15 species to the Diaphoretiches Domain. The groups with most species were Euglenida and Kinetoplastea. The low diversity of heterotrophic flagellates recorded in this study, compared to the plankton of lakes and reservoirs, is probably related to the fact that phytotelmata are habitats with extreme environmental conditions, thus selecting organisms tolerant to these environments.

Resumo Em sua superfície externa, muitas plantas podem acumular água da chuva formando fitotelmata, ou seja, micro-habitat aquáticos colonizados por diversos organismos, entre eles, os flagelados protistas. Fez-se um inventário de flagelados heterotróficos associados ao fitotelmata da bromélia Aechmea distichantha Lem., encontrada em paredões rochosos em um trecho da bacia do alto rio Paraná. As bromélias foram retiradas manualmente de paredão rochoso e, em laboratório, a água foi retirada dos tanques de cada planta, e foram montadas culturas dos organismos em placas de Petri. Os flagelados heterotróficos foram, então, observados in vivo sob microscópio óptico Olympus BX51, com sistema de contraste de interferência diferencial (DIC) acoplado. Dezesseis espécies flagelados heterotróficos foram registradas, desenhadas e descritas, sendo uma espécie pertencente ao Domínio Amorpha e 15 espécies ao Domínio Diaphoretiches. Os grupos mais especiosos foram Euglenida e Kinetoplastea. A diversidade relativamente reduzida de flagelados heterotróficos, quando comparada ao plâncton de lagos e reservatórios, pode estar relacionada ao fato de os fitotelmata serem habitats limitados, com condições ambientais extremas, selecionando, assim, organismos tolerantes a esses ambientes.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Digit ratio (2D:4D) has been suggested as a proxy biomarker for prenatal androgen activity and has been linked to prostate cancer, as the genes that regulate the formation and differentiation of the fingers are also related to the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer. To investigate the possible correlation between right hand, left hand and right hand minus left hand (DR-L) 2D:4D and prostate cancer of Brazilian subjects by comparing 2D:4D ratios of individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer and individuals without the disease. Also, to inquire the relationship between 2D:4D and severity of prostate cancer through Gleason scores. METHODS: Digital measurements of the lengths of the index and ring fingers of both hands of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCA group, n=100) and healthy control individuals (n=100) were obtained using a digital vernier caliper. Means of the 2D:4D ratios were compared. Data were analyzed by the Student's t-test for unpaired samples, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The PCA group presented significantly lower right and left 2D:4D (P=0.001 and P=0.002, respectively) in comparison to healthy controls, but DR-L were not significantly different between groups (P=0.589). In addition, digit ratios were not correlated to Gleason score for either hand or in DR-L. CONCLUSIONS: 2D:4D seems to be a marker for screening patients for prostate cancer in an admixed population, as males with prostate cancer present lower 2D:4D than healthy subjects. On the other hand, 2D:4D does not appear to be associated with the severity of prostate cancer.

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Beddings used for successive broiler lots act as substrate to absorb water and feed from the excreta and may be subsequently used as agricultural fertilizers. This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and the phytotoxicity of beddings used to raise five consecutive broiler lots in five aviaries. Samples were collected for beddings not used yet and for beddings used at each of the five broiler lots. Lettuce and cucumber seeds were considered as phytotoxicity bioindicators. As beddings were used for greater number of lots, N, Ca, K, Mg and P contents generally increased, but the C content decreased, the pH alkalinized and humidity was reduced (P < 0.05). The germination index for lettuce and cucumber seeds was reduced with increased bedding (P < 0.05). Beddings used for at least five broiler lots presented decreased C:N ratio and would not recommended for agricultural use due to its toxicity for both tested seeds.

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Foram analisados os níveis de pCO2, pO2, pH e HCO3 - de embriões e pintos de corte provenientes de matrizes novas e velhas, nos momentos anteriores à bicagem interna e externa da casca e ao nascimento, submetidos a diferentes períodos de transferência para as condições ambientais dos nascedouros. Os tratamentos foram definidos pela idade da matriz (33 e 63 semanas) e pela transferência para o nascedouro (aos 15, 17 e 19 dias). O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdivididas, sendo a parcela os três momentos de transferência e a subparcela as duas idades das matrizes. Foram utilizadas seis repetições para cada tratamento, e o embrião ou o pinto foi considerado uma repetição. Os dados normais e homogêneos foram submetidos às análises de variância, e as médias comparadas pelos testes F, de Tukey e SNK. Embriões cujos ovos foram transferidos aos 15 dias para o nascedouro apresentaram melhor equilíbrio ácido-básico durante as fases pré-natal e perinatal. Durante o último terço da incubação, independentemente das diferentes condições ambientais às quais os embriões são submetidos e da idade da matriz, há capacidade de resposta fisiológica que permite uma estabilidade no equilíbrio ácido-básico dos pintos após a eclosão.(AU)

We analyzed the levels of pCO2, pO2, pH and HCO3 - in embryos and chicks from young and older breeders, in the moments before internal pipping, external pipping and at hatch and submitted to different periods in the environmental conditions of hatchers. The treatments were defined by breeder age (33 and 63 weeks) and transfer to the hatcher (at 15, 17 and 19 days). The experimental design was split plots with three periods in the hatcher and the plots were the two breeder ages. We used six replicates per treatment and the embryo or chick was considered a repetition. The normal data forms were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by F, Tukey and SNK tests. Embryos transferred at 15 days to the hatcher had better acid-base balance during the pre-and perinatal phases. During the last third of incubation, regardless of the different environmental conditions which the embryos are subjected and breeder age, there is physiological responsiveness that allows for stability in acid-base balance of the chicks after hatching.(AU)

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Foram analisados os níveis de pCO2, pO2, pH e HCO3 - de embriões e pintos de corte provenientes de matrizes novas e velhas, nos momentos anteriores à bicagem interna e externa da casca e ao nascimento, submetidos a diferentes períodos de transferência para as condições ambientais dos nascedouros. Os tratamentos foram definidos pela idade da matriz (33 e 63 semanas) e pela transferência para o nascedouro (aos 15, 17 e 19 dias). O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdivididas, sendo a parcela os três momentos de transferência e a subparcela as duas idades das matrizes. Foram utilizadas seis repetições para cada tratamento, e o embrião ou o pinto foi considerado uma repetição. Os dados normais e homogêneos foram submetidos às análises de variância, e as médias comparadas pelos testes F, de Tukey e SNK. Embriões cujos ovos foram transferidos aos 15 dias para o nascedouro apresentaram melhor equilíbrio ácido-básico durante as fases pré-natal e perinatal. Durante o último terço da incubação, independentemente das diferentes condições ambientais às quais os embriões são submetidos e da idade da matriz, há capacidade de resposta fisiológica que permite uma estabilidade no equilíbrio ácido-básico dos pintos após a eclosão...

We analyzed the levels of pCO2, pO2, pH and HCO3 - in embryos and chicks from young and older breeders, in the moments before internal pipping, external pipping and at hatch and submitted to different periods in the environmental conditions of hatchers. The treatments were defined by breeder age (33 and 63 weeks) and transfer to the hatcher (at 15, 17 and 19 days). The experimental design was split plots with three periods in the hatcher and the plots were the two breeder ages. We used six replicates per treatment and the embryo or chick was considered a repetition. The normal data forms were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by F, Tukey and SNK tests. Embryos transferred at 15 days to the hatcher had better acid-base balance during the pre-and perinatal phases. During the last third of incubation, regardless of the different environmental conditions which the embryos are subjected and breeder age, there is physiological responsiveness that allows for stability in acid-base balance of the chicks after hatching...

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Tuna are highly prized in Oriental cuisine, and the bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) is of great commercial importance. Quality is assessed by the tuna meat quality, freshness, texture and fat, which can be altered by factors inherent to capture, such as days of onboard storage, months of the year, whether the catch was living or dead, fish weight and year. These factors were correlated to identify those that affect quality. We obtained data from nine vessels, from January 2007 to April 2010, creating an information bank of 21,908 bigeye tuna. Fish quality and parameters were related using multiple linear regression analysis, in which the variables were included in the model by a stepwise procedure (F>4). We found that live catch, heavier fish and fewer days of storage positively affected the quality, and that there is a seasonality of quality related to biological factors, which are not amenable to control.(AU)

Os atuns são peixes muito apreciados na culinária oriental, e a albacora-bandolim (Thunnus obesus) é de grande importância comercial. A qualidade do atum é avaliada pela qualidade da carne, frescor, textura e gordura, a qual pode ser alterada por fatores inerentes à captura, tais como: dias de armazenamento a bordo, meses do ano, capturado vivo ou morto, peso e ano. Esses fatores foram correlacionados para se identificarem aqueles que afetam a qualidade da carne. Foram obtidos dados de nove embarcações, de janeiro de 2007 a abril de 2010, e criou-se um banco de informações de 21.908 atuns. A qualidade do pescado e os parâmetros foram relacionados utilizando-se análise de regressão linear múltipla, em que as variáveis foram incluídas no modelo de stepwise (F> 4). Descobriu-se que captura do animal vivo, peixe mais pesado e menos dias de armazenamento afetaram positivamente a qualidade da carne e que há uma sazonalidade da qualidade relacionada a fatores biológicos que não são passíveis de controle.(AU)

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RESUMO

O desenvolvimento embrionário nas aves tem início antes mesmo da postura. A variabilidade do estágio de desenvolvimento embrionário no momento da oviposição é conhecida e influencia a taxa de eclosão, uma vez que estágios muito avançados ou muito precoces são prejudiciais por tornarem os embriões mais sensíveis ao estresse do armazenamento. O aquecimento de ovos férteis no período entre a postura e o armazenamento vem sendo estudado como forma de reduzir os efeitos negativos do armazenamento sobre o rendimento de incubação por permitir que os embriões progridam até um estágio em que são mais aptos a suportar o estresse do armazenamento. Este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do aquecimento artificial de ovos de matrizes pesadas no período entre a coleta e o armazenamento sobre o rendimento de incubação e o peso do pinto ao nascimento. Foram utilizados 5.760 ovos de matrizes pesadas Cobb(r) com 57 semanas de idade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, constituído por quatro tratamentos definidos com base no tempo de aquecimento dos ovos (zero, três, seis e nove horas). O aquecimento foi feito em câmara de fumigação a 30°C, e os ovos foram armazenados por três dias. O aquecimento artificial no período entre a coleta e o armazenamento não influenciou a eclodibilidade, a mortalidade embrionária e o peso do pinto ao nascimento, tendo sido, nessas circunstâncias, uma prática injustificada.(AU)

In birds, embryonic development begins before laying. The embryonic development variability at the time of egg laying is known and influences hatching rate, since very early or advanced stages are detrimental for embryos because they become more sensitive to stress storage. The heating of fertile eggs in the period between posture and storage has been studied as a way to reduce the negative effects of storage on hatchability since it allows embryos to progress to a stage where they are more able to survive during storage. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of artificial heating of fertile broiler breeder eggs in the period between the collection and storage on hatchability and chick weight at birth. For this, 5760 eggs from Cobb(r) broiler breeders, 57 weeks old, were used. The experimental design was completely randomized. It consisted of four defined treatments based on the heating time of eggs (zero, three, six and nine hours). Heating was done in a fumigation chamber at 30°C, and eggs were stored for three days. The artificial heating in the period between collection and storage didn't affect hatchability, embryo mortality and chick weight at birth, being, in this case, an unjustified practice.(AU)

Assuntos