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INTRODUCTION: The most common form of hereditary amyloidosis is associated with variants of transthyretin (TTR). Familial amyloidosis polyneuropathy associated with variants of TTR (FAP-TTR) is an infrequent, multisystemic disease, with predominant involvement of the peripheral nervous system. More than 130 pathogenic variants have been identified so far and most of them are amyloidogenic, being Val30Met the most frequently described. CASE REPORT: A 74 year-old male was evaluated for progressive decreased sensitivity and associated loss of strength in four limbs in the previous two years, needing assistance for walking. Areflexia, bilateral tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius atrophy, bilateral anesthesia and apalesthesia were found in lower limbs. Bilateral hypoesthesia was reported in upper limbs. No painful dysesthesia, hyperalgesia or allodynia were found. DNA sequencing of the TTR gene led to the detection of the variant c.186G>C in heterozygous state. The resulting variant (Glu62Asp), located in the critical functional domain, has not been published before. CONCLUSION: The importance of considering late onset, sporadic FAP-TTR as a differential diagnosis of cryptogenic polyneuropathy is highlighted.
Introducción: La forma más común de amiloidosis hereditaria está asociada con variantes de la transtiretina. La polineuropatía amiloidótica familiar asociada con variantes de la TTR (FAP-TTR) es una enfermedad multisistémica poco frecuente, con afectación predominante del sistema nervioso periférico. Hasta ahora se han identificado más de 130 variantes patogénicas y la mayoría de ellas son amiloidogénicas, siendo Val30Met la más frecuentemente descrita. Caso clínico: Un paciente de 74 años fue evaluado por disminución progresiva de la sensibilidad y pérdida asociada de fuerza en las cuatro extremidades de dos años de evolución, necesitando ayuda para caminar. En las extremidades inferiores se observó arreflexia, atrofia bilateral del tibial anterior y del gastrocnemio, anestesia bilateral y apalestesia. Los miembros superiores presentaban hipoestesia bilateral. No se observaron disestesias dolorosas, hiperalgesia ni alodinia. La secuenciación del ADN del gen TTR permitió detectar la variante c.186G>C en estado heterocigoto. La variante resultante (Glu62Asp), localizada en el dominio funcional crítico de la proteína, no ha sido informada con anterioridad. Conclusión: Se destaca la importancia de considerar la FAP-TTR esporádica de aparición tardía como un diagnóstico diferencial de la polineuropatía criptogénica.
Assuntos
Neuropatias Amiloides Familiares , Pré-Albumina , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Neuropatias Amiloides Familiares/complicações , Neuropatias Amiloides Familiares/diagnóstico , Neuropatias Amiloides Familiares/genética , Pré-Albumina/genéticaRESUMO
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is a disorder of the lysosomal metabolism due to biallelic pathogenic variants in NPC1 or NPC2. Intracellular deposit of lipids, mainly unesterified cholesterol, gives rise to oxidative damage in several tissues, mainly neurons, spleen and liver. This, in turn, is associated with a myriad of neurological / psychiatric and visceral symptoms, with wide variability in age of presentation, from prenatal / neonatal to adult-onset forms of the disease. The last few years have seen considerable progress in understanding this disease and its management. In this consensus, current approaches to the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of NPC (including the use of miglustat, the only specific drug approved at the time) are discussed by an Argentinian panel of experts.
La enfermedad de Niemann-Pick tipo C (NPC) es un trastorno del metabolismo lisosomal que se debe a la presencia de variantes patogénicas bialélicas en los genes NPC1 o NPC2. El depósito intracelular de lípidos, especialmente colesterol no esterificado, provoca daño oxidativo en diversos tejidos, especialmente neuronas, bazo e hígado. Esto, a su vez, induce la aparición de un conjunto de síntomas neurológicos / psiquiátricos y viscerales, con una amplia variabilidad de edad de aparición, desde formas prenatales / neonatales hasta otras de aparición en la vida adulta. En los últimos años ha habido avances considerables en la comprensión sobre esta enfermedad y su manejo. En el presente consenso un grupo de expertos argentinos abordan los enfoques actuales de diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento de NPC, incluyendo el uso de miglustat como única terapia específica aprobada en la actualidad.
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Doença de Niemann-Pick Tipo C , Doença de Pick , Adulto , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Doença de Niemann-Pick Tipo C/diagnóstico , Doença de Niemann-Pick Tipo C/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Niemann-Pick Tipo C/genética , Consenso , ColesterolRESUMO
Resumen La enfermedad de Niemann-Pick tipo C (NPC) es un trastorno del metabolismo lisosomal que se debe a la presencia de variantes patogénicas bialélicas en los genes NPC1 o NPC2. El depósito intracelular de lípidos, especialmente colesterol no esterificado, provoca daño oxidativo en diversos tejidos, especialmente neuronas, bazo e hígado. Esto, a su vez, induce la aparición de un conjunto de síntomas neurológicos/psiquiátricos y viscerales, con una amplia variabilidad de edad de apa rición, desde formas prenatales/neonatales hasta otras de aparición en la vida adulta. En los últimos años ha habido avances considerables en la comprensión sobre esta enfermedad y su manejo. En el presente consenso un grupo de expertos argentinos abordan los enfoques actuales de diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento de NPC, incluyendo el uso de miglustat como única terapia específica aprobada en la actualidad.
Abstract Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is a disorder of the lyso somal metabolism due to biallelic pathogenic variants in NPC1 or NPC2. Intracellular deposit of lipids, mainly unesterified cholesterol, gives rise to oxidative damage in several tissues, mainly neurons, spleen and liver. This, in turn, is associated with a myriad of neurologi cal/psychiatric and visceral symptoms, with wide vari ability in age of presentation, from prenatal/neonatal to adult-onset forms of the disease. The last few years have seen considerable progress in understanding this disease and its management. In this consensus, current approaches to the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of NPC (including the use of miglustat, the only specific drug approved at the time) are discussed by an Argentin ian panel of experts.
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The present study investigates the spectrum and analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in an Argentinean cohort, analyzing 3 LHON-associated mitochondrial genes. In 32% of the cases, molecular confirmation of the diagnosis could be established, due to the identification of disease-causing variants. A total of 54 variants were observed in a cohort of 100 patients tested with direct sequencing analysis. The frequent causative mutations m.11778G>A in MT-ND4, m.3460G>A in MT-ND1, and m.14484T>C in MT-ND6 were identified in 28% of the cases of our cohort. Secondary mutations in this Argentinean LHON cohort were m.11253T>C p.Ile165Thr in MT-ND4, identified in three patients (3/100, 3%) and m.3395A>G p.Tyr30Cys in MT-ND1, in one of the patients studied (1%). This study shows, for the first time, the analysis of mtDNA variants in patients with a probable diagnosis of LHON in Argentina. Standard molecular methods are an effective first approach in order to achieve genetic diagnosis of the disease, leaving NGS tests for those patients with negative results.
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DNA Mitocondrial , Atrofia Óptica Hereditária de Leber , Humanos , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Atrofia Óptica Hereditária de Leber/diagnóstico , Atrofia Óptica Hereditária de Leber/genética , Argentina , Mitocôndrias/genética , MutaçãoRESUMO
Breast cancer represents 23% of all cancers diagnosed among women each year. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes related to the most frequent form of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, as well as other types of cancer. The aim of this work is to describe the development of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) for referral to genetic counseling in patients at increased risk of pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2, and to describe results during the pilot study implementation (from January 5, 2021 to March 5, 2021). To achieve integration and system interoperability, we used FHIR and CDS-Hooks within the CDSS development. A total of 142 alerts were triggered by the system for 72 physicians in 98 patients. Results showed an acceptance rate for the recommendation of 2.1%, which could improve using intrusive alerts in all of the hooks.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Genes BRCA2 , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
Hearing loss is a heterogeneous disorder. Identification of causative mutations is demanding due to genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we investigated the genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with severe/profound deafness. After the exclusion of GJB2-GJB6 mutations, we performed whole exome sequencing in 32 unrelated Argentinean families. Mutations were detected in 16 known deafness genes in 20 patients: ACTG1, ADGRV1 (GPR98), CDH23, COL4A3, COL4A5, DFNA5 (GSDDE), EYA4, LARS2, LOXHD1, MITF, MYO6, MYO7A, TECTA, TMPRSS3, USH2A and WSF1. Notably, 11 variants affecting 9 different non-GJB2 genes resulted novel: c.12829C > T, p.(Arg4277*) in ADGRV1; c.337del, p.(Asp109*) and c.3352del, p.(Gly1118Alafs*7) in CDH23; c.3500G > A, p.(Gly1167Glu) in COL4A3; c.1183C > T, p.(Pro395Ser) and c.1759C > T, p.(Pro587Ser) in COL4A5; c.580 + 2 T > C in EYA4; c.1481dup, p.(Leu495Profs*31) in LARS2; c.1939 T > C, p.(Phe647Leu), in MYO6; c.733C > T, p.(Gln245*) in MYO7A and c.242C > G, p.(Ser81*) in TMPRSS3 genes. To predict the effect of these variants, novel protein modeling and protein stability analysis were employed. These results highlight the value of whole exome sequencing to identify candidate variants, as well as bioinformatic strategies to infer their pathogenicity.
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Perda Auditiva/genética , Audição/genética , Mutação , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva/metabolismo , Perda Auditiva/fisiopatologia , Hereditariedade , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Conformação Proteica , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sequenciamento do Exoma , Adulto JovemRESUMO
MOTIVATION: Large-scale cancer genome projects have generated genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic and clinicopathological data from thousands of samples in almost every human tumor site. Although most omics data and their associated resources are publicly available, its full integration and interpretation to dissect the sources of gene expression modulation require specialized knowledge and software. RESULTS: We present Multiomix, an interactive cloud-based platform that allows biologists to identify genetic and epigenetic events associated with the transcriptional modulation of cancer-related genes through the analysis of multi-omics data available on public functional genomic databases or user-uploaded datasets. Multiomix consists of an integrated set of functions, pipelines and a graphical user interface that allows retrieval, aggregation, analysis and visualization of different omics data sources. After the user provides the data to be analyzed, Multiomix identifies all significant correlations between mRNAs and non-mRNA genomics features (e.g. miRNA, DNA methylation and CNV) across the genome, the predicted sequence-based interactions (e.g. miRNA-mRNA) and their associated prognostic values. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Multiomix is available at https://www.multiomix.org. The source code is freely available at https://github.com/omics-datascience/multiomix. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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MicroRNAs , Neoplasias , Humanos , Epigenômica , Computação em Nuvem , Genômica , Neoplasias/genética , Software , MicroRNAs/genética , Transcriptoma , OncogenesRESUMO
Genetic variants in GJB2 and GJB6 genes are the most frequent causes of hereditary hearing loss among several deaf populations worldwide. Molecular diagnosis enables proper genetic counseling and medical prognosis to patients. In this study, we present an update of testing results in a cohort of Argentinean non-syndromic hearing-impaired individuals. A total of 48 different sequence variants were detected in genomic DNA from patients referred to our laboratory. They were manually curated and classified based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology ACMG/AMP standards and hearing-loss-gene-specific criteria of the ClinGen Hearing Loss Expert Panel. More than 50% of sequence variants were reclassified from their previous categorization in ClinVar. These results provide an accurately interpreted set of variants to be taken into account by clinicians and the scientific community, and hence, aid the precise genetic counseling to patients.
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Conexina 26/genética , Conexina 30/genética , Variação Genética , Genoma Humano , Genômica/métodos , Perda Auditiva/genética , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Testes Genéticos , Perda Auditiva/epidemiologia , Perda Auditiva/patologia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To present the development of the first custom gene panel for the diagnosis of male and female infertility in Latin America. METHODS: We developed a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel that assesses genes associated with infertility. The panel targeted exons and their flanking regions. Selected introns in the CFTR gene were also included. The FMR1 gene and Y chromosome microdeletions were analyzed with other recommended methodologies. An in-house developed bioinformatic pipeline was applied for the interpretation of the results. Clear infertility phenotypes, idiopathic infertility, and samples with known pathogenic variants were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 75 genes were selected based on female (primary ovarian insufficiency, risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, recurrent pregnancy loss, oocyte maturation defects, and embryo development arrest) and male conditions (azoospermia, severe oligospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia). The panel designed was used to assess 25 DNA samples. Two of the variants found were classified as pathogenic and enable the diagnosis of a woman with secondary amenorrhea and a man with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Targeted NGS assay metrics resulted in a mean of 180X coverage, with more than 98% of the bases covered ≥20X. CONCLUSION: Our custom gene sequencing panel designed for the diagnosis of male and female infertility caused by genetic defects revealed the underlying genetic cause of some cases of infertility. The panel will allow us to develop more precise approaches in assisted reproduction.
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Testes Genéticos/métodos , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Infertilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Infertilidade/diagnóstico , Infertilidade/genética , América Latina , Masculino , Mutação/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Kabuki syndrome is a genetic entity with multiple anomalies associated with intellectual disability. The clinical diagnosis is based on typical facial features, minor skeletal abnormalities, finger pads, and postnatal growth deficit. Other findings may include congenital heart disease, genitourinary anomalies, oral clefts, anal atresia, increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune and endocrine disease and hearing loss. The objective of this paper is to describe two patients with clinical diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome, highlighting the phenotypic findings and associated malformations.
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Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Face/anormalidades , Doenças Hematológicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Vestibulares/diagnóstico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , FenótipoRESUMO
El síndrome de Kabuki es una entidad génica caracterizada por discapacidad intelectual asociada con múltiples anomalías sistémicas. El diagnóstico es fundamentalmente clínico y se basa en dismorfas faciales típicas, anomalías esqueléticas menores, persistencia de las almohadillas del pulpejo de los dedos y défcit de crecimiento posnatal. Otros hallazgos incluyen cardiopatía congénita, anomalías genitourinarias, fisura de paladar y/o labial, atresia anal y défcits funcionales, como mayor susceptibilidad a infecciones, enfermedades autoinmunes y endocrinológicas e hipoacusia. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir dos pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de síndrome de Kabuki, destacando los hallazgos fenotípicos y malformaciones asociadas.
Kabuki syndrome is a genetic entity with multiple anomalies associated with intellectual disability. The clinical diagnosis is based on typical facial features, minor skeletal abnormalities, fnger pads, and postnatal growth defcit. Other fndings may include congenital heart disease, genitourinary anomalies, oral clefts, anal atresia, increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune and endocrine disease and hearing loss. The objective of this paper is to describe two patients with clinical diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome, highlighting the phenotypic fndings and associated malformations.
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Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Face/anormalidades , Doenças Hematológicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Vestibulares/diagnóstico , FenótipoRESUMO
El síndrome de Kabuki es una entidad génica caracterizada por discapacidad intelectual asociada con múltiples anomalías sistémicas. El diagnóstico es fundamentalmente clínico y se basa en dismorfas faciales típicas, anomalías esqueléticas menores, persistencia de las almohadillas del pulpejo de los dedos y défcit de crecimiento posnatal. Otros hallazgos incluyen cardiopatía congénita, anomalías genitourinarias, fisura de paladar y/o labial, atresia anal y défcits funcionales, como mayor susceptibilidad a infecciones, enfermedades autoinmunes y endocrinológicas e hipoacusia. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir dos pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de síndrome de Kabuki, destacando los hallazgos fenotípicos y malformaciones asociadas.(AU)
Kabuki syndrome is a genetic entity with multiple anomalies associated with intellectual disability. The clinical diagnosis is based on typical facial features, minor skeletal abnormalities, fnger pads, and postnatal growth defcit. Other fndings may include congenital heart disease, genitourinary anomalies, oral clefts, anal atresia, increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune and endocrine disease and hearing loss. The objective of this paper is to describe two patients with clinical diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome, highlighting the phenotypic fndings and associated malformations.(AU)
RESUMO
Kabuki syndrome is a genetic entity with multiple anomalies associated with intellectual disability. The clinical diagnosis is based on typical facial features, minor skeletal abnormalities, finger pads, and postnatal growth deficit. Other findings may include congenital heart disease, genitourinary anomalies, oral clefts, anal atresia, increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune and endocrine disease and hearing loss. The objective of this paper is to describe two patients with clinical diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome, highlighting the phenotypic findings and associated malformations.