RESUMO
Global investment in developing COVID-19 vaccines has been substantial, but vaccine hesitancy has emerged due to misinformation. Concerns about adverse events, vaccine shortages, dosing confusion, mixing vaccines, and access issues contribute to hesitancy. Initially, the WHO recommended homologous vaccination (same vaccine for both doses), but evolving factors led to consideration of heterologous vaccination (different vaccines). The study compared reactogenicity and antibody response for both viral protein spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) in 205 participants who received three vaccination regimens: same vaccine for all doses (Pfizer), two initial doses of the same vaccine (CoronaVac or AstraZeneca), and a Pfizer booster. ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccines were the most reactogenic vaccines, while CoronaVac vaccine was the least. ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 achieved 100% of S-IgG seropositivity with one dose, while CoronaVac required two doses, emphasizing the importance of the second dose in achieving complete immunization across the population with different vaccine regimes. Pfizer recipients showed the highest S-IgG antibody titers, followed by AstraZeneca recipients, both after the first and second doses. A third vaccine dose was essential to boost the S-IgG antibodies and equalize the antibody levels among the different vaccine schedules. CoronaVac induced N-IgG antibodies, while in the Pfizer and AstraZeneca groups, they were induced by a natural infection, reinforcing the role of N protein as a biomarker of infection.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Esquemas de Imunização , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Vacina BNT162/administração & dosagem , Vacina BNT162/imunologia , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/imunologia , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/administração & dosagem , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo de Coronavírus/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Imunização Secundária , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Vacinação/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the influence of previous physical activity (PA) during childhood, adolescence, and current PA practice on the production of antibodies and inflammatory response between the first and second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS: Fifty-nine men and 56 women were evaluated before the first vaccine, and 12 weeks later, blood samples were taken to quantify production of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies and cytokines. Previous PA during childhood and adolescence was self-referred, and current PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: A positive and significant association was observed only between PA practice during adolescence and an increase in antibody production in adulthood (ß = 2012.077, 95% confidence interval, 257.7953-3766.358, P = .025). Individuals who practiced PA during adolescence showed higher production of antibodies between the first and second vaccine dose compared to nonpractitioners (P = .025) and those that accumulated ≥150 minutes per week of current moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), and presented higher antibody production in relation to who did <150 minutes per week of MVPA (P = .046). Individuals that were practitioners during childhood produced higher G-CSF (P = .047), and those that accumulated ≥150 minutes per week of current MVPA demonstrated lower IP-10 levels (P = .033). However, PA practitioners during adolescence presented higher G-CSF (P = .025), IL-17 (P = .038), IL-1RA (P = .005), IL-1ß (P = .020), and IL-2 (P = .026) levels. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that adults that accumulated at least 150 minutes of MVPA per week or practiced PA during adolescence developed an improved immune and inflammatory response against COVID-19 vaccination.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , COVID-19 , Exercício Físico , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/imunologia , Adulto , Adolescente , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Citocinas/sangue , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Inflamação/imunologia , Fatores EtáriosRESUMO
Cutaneous melanoma is a complex pathology that still has only treatments that lack efficiency and offer many adverse effects. Due to this scenario emerges the need to analyze other possible treatments against this disease, such as the effect of phenolic compounds. These substances have proven antitumor effects, but still have not been fully explored as a form of therapy to combat melanoma. Also, the purinergic receptors, along with its system molecules, take part in the formation of tumors from many pathways, such as the actions of ectoenzymes and receptors activity, especially P2Rs family, and are formed by structures that can be modulated by the phenolic compounds. Therefore, more studies have to be made with the aim of explaining the purinergic system activity in carcinogenesis of cutaneous melanoma and the effects of its modulation by phenolic compound, in order to enable the development of new therapies to combat this aggressive and feared cancer.
RESUMO
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women associated with cardiovascular disease and obesity. The possible benefits of omega-3 supplementation in this syndrome have been discussed much. This study is aimed to verify, based on the scientific data published, if there are any benefits in the omega-3 supplementation in the treatment of PCOS and to indicate its possible dosages for the treatment of polycystic ovary. The work consists of a systematic review of clinical trials and cohort of the MEDLINE/PubMed database from 2009 to October 2019. All studies that analyzed the omega-3 supplementation in women with PCOS were included. Cross-sectional studies, review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, duplicates, studies in animals or cell culture, studies with omega-3 supplementation via food or associated with other supplementations were not included, except those involving vitamin E. In total, 21 articles were selected. Despite the heterogeneity of the studies selected, indirect benefits were observed mainly regarding the glycemic profile, such as insulin resistance reduction, lipid profile modulation (i.e. decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and elevation of high-density lipoprotein), and the regulation of the androgenic profile. As for the anthropometric profile, the studies were scarce and most of them had no significant meaning. Regarding the antioxidant profile and inflammatory biomarkers, the findings differ among studies, but promising results were observed with different doses over 12 weeks of use, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) reduction. Thus, omega-3 fatty acids promote indirect benefits in the treating of women with PCOS. However, to reveal well-defined standards for dosage and supplementation time, further studies are needed.