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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used for various purposes, including as an antitumor resource in a noninvasive therapy with minimal side effects. Sinningia magnifica (Otto & A. Dietr.) Wiehler is a rupicolous plant found in rock crevices in Brazilian tropical forests. Initial studies indicate the presence of phenolic glycosides and anthraquinones in species of the genus Sinningia (Generiaceae family). It is known that anthraquinones are natural photosensitizers with potential PDT applications. This led us to investigate the potential compounds of S. magnifica for use as a natural photosensitizer against the melanoma (SK-MEL-103) and the prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines in a bioguided study. Our results showed that singlet oxygen production by the 1,3-DPBF photodegradation assay greatly increased in the presence of crude extract and fractions. The biological activity evaluation showed photodynamic action against melanoma cell line SK-MEL-103 and prostate cell line PC-3. These results suggest the presence of potential photosensitizing substances, as demonstrated in this in vitro antitumor PDT study by the naphthoquinones Dunniol and 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-α-dunnione for the first time. Naphthoquinones, anthraquinones and phenolic compounds were identified in the crude extract by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis, motivating us to continue with the bioguided phytochemical study aiming to discover more photochemically bioactive substances in Gesneriaceae plants.
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Melanoma , Naftoquinonas , Fotoquimioterapia , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Naftoquinonas/farmacologia , Naftoquinonas/química , Naftoquinonas/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Antraquinonas/farmacologia , Antraquinonas/química , Misturas ComplexasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fingertips are the most commonly injured anatomical structures in the upper extremity. The aim of this work is to present our experience in the management of fingertip injuries. METHODS: All patients with fingertip injuries managed by Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division of Hospital General “Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez” in Mexico from July 2010 to June 2015 were included; their demographic characteristics were described, as well as patterns of injury and management. RESULTS: A total of 1,265 patients were included in the study, 75% were males. The mean age of presentation was 20.5 ± 16.46 years; the age group most commonly affected was younger than 15 years (46.7%). Right and left-sided injuries were almost equally prevalent (51 vs. 49%). The most commonly injured fingers were the third (27.2%), and second (25.8%). Eighty-seven percent of the patients presented with single-digit injuries. Fingertip amputations were the most common type of injury with 620 cases (49%), followed by simple fingertip lacerations (574 cases, 45%), and nail bed injuries in 71 cases (5.6%). Surgical management was necessary in 95.8% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Fingertip injuries remain the most common reason for consultation in hand emergencies. A structured approach for their treatment is necessary to obtain the best clinical outcomes.
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Traumatismos dos Dedos , Mãos , Adolescente , Adulto , Algoritmos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Traumatismos dos Dedos/epidemiologia , Traumatismos dos Dedos/cirurgia , Mãos/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Los trastornos de la esfera mental son cada vez más frecuentes, estos deben ser medidos en los estudiantes que están sometidos a gran presión y según el lugar de influencia. Objetivos: Determinar las características y factores asociados a trastornos de la esfera mental en estudiantes de medicina de la costa, sierra y selva peruana. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico preliminar, a través de la aplicación del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-II), a 105 estudiantes, dicha encuesta midió los distintos trastornos de la esfera mental; a los cuales se les asoció con variables socio-educativas. Resultados: Grandes porcentajes de encuestados tuvieron compulsividad (29%) y narcisismo elevado (28%). En el análisis multivariado se encontró que las mujeres tuvieron menor frecuencia de trastorno esquizoide (p=0,027); conforme aumentó la edad también hubo mayor frecuencia de trastornos evitativo (p=0,049) y ansiedad (p= 0,043); a mayor año académico se encontró menor frecuencia de trastorno dilusional (p=0,010); los estudiantes de la universidad de la sierra tuvieron más narcisismo (p=0,011), compulsividad (p=0,018) y paranoide (p=0,041); los estudiantes de la universidad de la selva tuvieron más agresividad-sádica (p=0,021), narcisismo (p=0,020) y compulsividad (p=0,005); estas dos últimas fueron comparados versus los que estudiaban en la costa. Conclusión: Se encontró gran frecuencia de algunos trastornos, así como algunos factores asociados, lo que puede ser útil como análisis situacional, lo que debería generar mayores trabajos en la materia.
Introduction: The disorders of the mental sphere are increasingly frequent, these should be measured in students who are under great pressure and according to the place of influence. Objectives: To determine the characteristics and factors associated with disorders of the mental sphere in medical students of the coast, mountains and Peruvian jungle. Methodology: A preliminary analytical cross-sectional study was carried out, through the application of the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MCMI-II), to 105 students, said survey measured the different disorders of the mental sphere; to which they were associated with socio-educational variables. Results: Large percentages of respondents had compulsivity (29%) and high narcissism (28%). In the multivariate analysis it was found that women had a lower frequency of schizoid disorder (p = 0.027); as age increased there was also a higher frequency of avoidance disorders (p = 0.049) and anxiety (p = 0.043); the higher the academic year, the lower the frequency of dilution disorder (p = 0.010); the students of the Universidad de la Sierra had more narcissism (p = 0.011), compulsivity (p = 0.018) and paranoid (p = 0.041); the students of the jungle university had more aggressive-sadistic (p = 0.021), narcissism (p = 0.020) and compulsivity (p = 0.005); These last two were compared versus those studying on the coast. Conclussion: We found a high frequency of some disorders, as well as some associated factors, which can be useful as a situational analysis, which should generate more work in the field.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes de Medicina , Universidades , Saúde Mental , Sintomas Afetivos , Peru , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the pregnancy rates in hair ewes using an Ovsynch synchronization protocol under a breeding system that combines fixed-time insemination plus a 10-day mating period as an alternative. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through an experimental study (n=27), ewes were randomly located into one of three treatments: (1) Pre-synch (n=9): Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)+Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)+PGF2α+GnRH; (2) Ovsynch (n=9): GnRH+PGF2α+GnRH; and (3) control: Ewes bred by natural mating (NM) (n=9). Ewes were fixed-time inseminated (fixed-time artificial insemination [FTAI]) with fresh semen, collected just before the insemination time through vaginoscopy at 16 h after the second GnRH (gonadorelin) injection. Each experimental group was placed separately during 15 days and, after this time, fertile rams were allowed back with ewes for a 10-day mating period. Control group ewes remained with the rest of the herd suitable for breeding and were bred under NM. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasound at 28-, 56-, and 84-day post-breeding to differentiate between FTAI and NM pregnancies. Total (FTAI±NM) pregnancy rates at 56-day post-breeding were used to compared Pre-synch, Ovsynch, and control. For this purpose, two-tailed proportions comparison z-test was used with a 95% confidence level, for testing as the null hypothesis whether two proportions were equal. RESULTS: Pregnancy rates were higher in control ewes (66.4%) than FTAI (46.6%). When pregnancy rates after a 10-day mating period (40%) were added, the final rate (86.6%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Ovsynch-based protocols. The pregnancy rate was significantly lower in FTAI ewes compared to FTAI +10-day mating group (p<0.05). The overall pregnancy rate was 88.0, 85.7, and 67.0 (p>0.05) for Pre-synch, Ovsynch, and control ewes, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence on the benefits of combined FTAI protocols for improving the reproductive efficiency of sheep.
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BACKGROUND: We sought to identify if socioeconomic and demographic factors play a role in resident knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika in order to inform effective management procedures for disease prevention in Panama, a middle-income tropical country in Central America. All three are arthropod-borne viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquito vectors present in the focal region of Panama City, the largest city in Central America and an urban region of extreme socioeconomic polarization. METHODS: Between November 2017 and February 2018, we administered standardized, anonymous knowledge, attitude, and practice surveys to 263 residents split between two neighborhoods of high socioeconomic status (SES) and two neighborhoods of low SES. We then summed the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores respectively, and used linear and logistic regressions to quantify relationships with socioeconomic and demographic factors. RESULTS: Low-SES neighborhoods with high proportions of low income residents, residents over 70 years old had lower mean knowledge scores compared to other groups. Furthermore, residents in neighborhoods of low SES reported more mosquito biting relative to residents in neighborhoods of high SES, yet comparably lower level of concerns for disease transmission. Additionally, knowledge was lower for the more novel emergent threats of Chikungunya and Zika, compared to the endemic Dengue. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that low-SES neighborhoods with high proportions of low income, low education, and elderly residents should be targeted for outreach programs designed to prevent DENV, CHIKV, or ZIKV in Panama City. These outcomes support our initial hypotheses as lower relative knowledge and fewer practices related to the prevention of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika were found in low-SES neighborhoods. There is also a widespread lack of adequate knowledge regarding these diseases as well as low levels of concern in areas of highly reported mosquito biting. We provide suggestions for taking neighborhood socioeconomic status and specific aspects resident health literacy and attitude into account for creating more effective outreach campaigns as both endemic and novel arthropod-borne disease rates continue to increase throughout Latin America.
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Arbovírus , Febre de Chikungunya/prevenção & controle , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecção por Zika virus/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Panamá , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: describir los hallazgos histopatológicos y la progresión a enfermedad renal crónica de los pacientes sometidos a biopsia renal en un hospital de referencia de la ciudad de Medellín entre 2005 y 2014. Metodología: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se revisaron historias clínicas de pacientes menores de 18 años con diagnóstico de proteinuria persistente, a quienes se les realizó biopsia renal durante el período 2005-2014 en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, histológicas y de laboratorio. Resultados: se incluyeron 71 pacientes. La edad promedio del diagnóstico de proteinuria persistente fue 10.07 años. El 69.1% y 20.6% de los pacientes presentaron hematuria e hipertensión arterial respectivamente. La glomerulonefritis por IgA fue el hallazgo histológico más frecuente (21.13%), seguido de la nefropatía lúpica (18.31%). Del total de pacientes, 69.0% recibieron inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina y el 15.9% presentaron deterioro de la función renal al cuarto año de seguimiento. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de glomerulopatías en niños con proteinuria persistente fue alta. Se sugiere la realización de la biopsia renal con el fin de detectar tempranamente glomerulopatías primarias o secundarias asociadas para así instaurar un tratamiento oportuno que controle o retarde el deterioro de la función renal.
Objective: To describe the histopathological findings and their progression of chronic kidney disease in pediatric patients who underwent kidney biopsy due to persistent proteinuria during 2005-2015 at a high-complexity hospital in Medellin, Colombia. Methods: A retrospective, cohort study was carried out; the medical records of children under 18 with diagnosis of persistent proteinuria were reviewed. Sociodemographic, clinical, and histopathological variables were analyzed. Results: A total of 71 patients were included. The mean age at the diagnosis of persistent proteinuria was 10.07 years old. 69.1% and 20.6% of the patients had hematuria and hypertension, respectively. Overall, the predominant pathological diagnosis in the current study was IgA nephropathy (21.13%) followed by lupus nephropathy (18.31%). 69.0% of the patients received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. At the last follow-up, 15.9% presented impaired renal function. Conclusion: In our cohort, the prevalence of glomerulopathies in children with persistent proteinuria was high. We recommended performing kidney biopsy in children with persistent proteinuria. This allows early detection of primary or secondary glomerulopathies to retard progression of renal damage.
Objetivo: descrever os descobrimentos histopatológicos e a progressão a doença renal crónica dos pacientes submetidos a biopsia renal num hospital de referência da cidade de Medellín entre 2005 e 2014. Metodologia: estudo descritivo retrospectivo. Se revisaram histórias clínicas de pacientes menores de 18 anos com diagnóstico de proteinuria persistente, a quem se lhes realizou biopsia renal durante o período 2005-2014 no Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe. Se analisaram variáveis sócio-demográficas, clínicas, histológicas e de laboratório. Resultados: se incluíram 71 pacientes. A idade média do diagnóstico de proteinúria persistente foi de 10.07 anos. 69.1% e 20.6% dos pacientes apresentaram hematúria e hipertensão arterial respectivamente. A glomerulonefrite por IgA foi a descoberta histológico mais frequente (21.13%), seguido da nefropatia lúpico (18.31%). Do total de pacientes, 69.0% receberam inibidores da enzima convertedora de angiotensina e 15.9% apresentaram deterioro da função renal ao quarto ano de seguimento. Conclusões: a prevalência de glomerulopatias em crianças com proteinúria persistente foi alta. Se sugere a realização da biopsia renal com o fim de detectar precocemente glomerulopatias primárias ou secundárias associadas para assim instaurar um tratamento oportuno que controle ou retarde o deterioro da função renal.
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Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Proteinúria , Biópsia , Angiotensinas , Criança , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , NefropatiasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Möbius syndrome is defined as a combined congenital bilateral facial and abducens nerve palsies. The main goal of treatment is to provide facial reanimation by means of a dynamic surgical procedure. The microneurovascular transfer of a free muscle transplant is the procedure of choice for facial animation in a child with facial paralysis. OBSERVATION: Between January 2008 and January 2017, 124 patients with the syndrome have been approached at our institution. Distribution according to Möbius Syndrome classification presents as follows: Complete Möbius syndrome (n=88), Incomplete Möbius syndrome (n=28), Möbius-Like syndrome (n=8). Seventy-nine female and 45 male patients. Sixty-one percent have undergone a microsurgical procedure (n=76), in all of them, a free gracilis flap transfer was performed. DISCUSSION: Our proposed treatment protocol for complete Möbius syndrome is determined by the available donor nerves. We prefer to use the masseteric nerve as first choice, however, if this nerve is not available, then our second choice is the spinal accesory nerve. For this purpose, all patients have an electromyography performed preoperatively. Overall, dynamic facial reanimation obtained through the microvascular transfer of the gracilis muscle have proved to improve notoriously oral comissure excursion and speech intelligibility. CONCLUSION: The free gracilis flap transfer is a reproducible procedure for patients with Möbius syndrome. It is of utmost importance to select the best motor nerve possible, based on an individualized preoperative clinical and electromyographic evaluation. To our best knowledge, this is the largest series of patients with Möbius syndrome globally, treated at a single-institution.
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Músculo Grácil/inervação , Músculo Grácil/transplante , Síndrome de Möbius/cirurgia , Transferência de Nervo , Nervo Acessório/transplante , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Masseter/inervação , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
Antimicrobial resistance is known to be an emerging problem, but the extent of the issue remains incomplete. The aim of this study was to determine the presence or absence of nine resistance genes (blaTEM , catI, mecA, qnrS, sulI, sulII, tet(A), tet(Q), vanA) in the faeces of 141 pigeons from four urban parks in Alajuela, Guadalupe, Tres Ríos and San José in Costa Rica. The genes were identified by real-time PCR directly from enema samples. About 30% of the samples were positive for genes catI and sulI; between 13% and 17% were positive for qnrS, sulII, tet(A) and tet(Q); and 4% were positive for blaTEM . The mecA and vanA genes were not detected. The average of antimicrobial resistance genes detected per pigeon was 2. Eight different patterns of resistance were identified, without differences in the sampling areas, being the most common pattern 2 (sulII positive samples). During rainy season, the genes more frequently found were sulI and tet(A). In conclusion, the urban inhabiting pigeons tested are currently carrying antimicrobial resistance genes, potentially acting as reservoirs of resistant bacteria and vectors to humans. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study carried out on direct detection of resistance genes in the digestive metagenomes of pigeons.
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Bactérias/genética , Columbidae/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Animais , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Costa Rica , DNA Bacteriano/química , Fezes/químicaRESUMO
Twenty Dorper × Pelibuey primiparous ewes were used to evaluate effects of seasonal ambient heat stress (i.e., spring vs. summer) on physiological and metabolic responses under production conditions in an arid region. Ten ewes experiencing summer heat stress (i.e., temperature = 34.8 ± 4.6 °C; THI = 81.6 ± 3.2 units) and 10 under spring thermoneutral conditions (temperature = 24.2 ± 5.4 °C; THI = 68.0 ± 4.8 units) were corralled together to measure rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, and skin temperatures at 0600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 h on four occasions over 40 days. Blood metabolite and electrolyte concentrations were also measured at 0600 and 1800 hours. Data were analyzed with a completely randomized design using repeated measurements in time. Rectal and skin temperatures, as well as respiratory frequency, were higher (P < 0.01) in summer than spring at all measured days. Blood serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and chlorine concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) in summer than spring at 0800 and 1800 hours. In contrast, summer heat stress increased (P < 0.01) blood urea and potassium concentrations at 0800 and 1800 hours. Compared with spring thermoneutral conditions, summer heat stress affected the physiological and metabolic status of hair breed ewes in an arid region, which included blood metabolite and electrolyte adjustments to efficiently cope with summer heat stress.
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Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterinária , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos , Ovinos , Estresse Fisiológico , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Temperatura Corporal , Colesterol/sangue , Clima , Feminino , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/sangue , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/fisiopatologia , Umidade , Potássio/sangue , Taxa Respiratória , Estações do Ano , Ovinos/sangue , Ovinos/fisiologia , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Ureia/sangue , VentoRESUMO
Core-shell nanoparticles consisting of polybutyl acrylate (PBA) rubbery core and a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) shell, with different core-shell ratios, were synthesized in order to enhance the fracture toughness of the acrylic bone cements prepared with them. It was observed by TEM and SEM that the core-shell nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology with ca. 120 nm in diameter and that both modulus and tensile strength decreased by increasing the PBA content; the desired structuring pattern in the synthesized particles was confirmed by DMA. Also, experimental bone cements were prepared with variable amounts (0, 5, 10 and 20 wt.%) of nanoparticles with a core-shell ratio of 30/70 in order to study the influence of these nanostructured particles on the physicochemical, mechanical and fracture properties of bone cements. It was found that the addition of nanostructured particles to bone cements caused a significant reduction in the peak temperature and setting time while the glass transition temperature (Tg) of cements increased with increasing particles content. On the other hand, modulus and strength of bone cements decreased when particles were incorporated but fracture toughness was increased.
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Fenômenos Mecânicos , Nanopartículas/química , Polimetil Metacrilato/química , Polimetil Metacrilato/síntese química , Força Compressiva , Módulo de Elasticidade , Emulsões/química , Látex/química , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Peso Molecular , Nanopartículas/ultraestrutura , Tamanho da Partícula , Polimerização , Pós , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Estresse Mecânico , Resistência à TraçãoRESUMO
Bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) are known or suspected potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which may pose a risk to human health and have an environmental impact. Enzyme preparations containing mainly laccases, obtained from Ganoderma stipitatum and Lentinus swartzii, two autochthonous Colombian forest white rot fungi (WRF), previously identified as high enzyme producers, were used to remove BPA and TCS from aqueous solutions. A Box-Behnken factorial design showed that pH, temperature, and duration of treatment were significant model terms for the elimination of BPA and TCS. Our results demonstrated that these EDCs were extensively removed from 5 mg L(-1) solutions after a contact time of 6 hours. Ninety-four percent of TCS and 97.8% of BPA were removed with the enzyme solution from G. stipitatum; 83.2% of TCS and 88.2% of BPA were removed with the L. swartzii enzyme solution. After a 6-hour treatment with enzymes from G. stipitatum and L. swartzii, up to 90% of the estrogenic activity of BPA was lost, as shown by the yeast estrogen screen assay. 2,2-Azino-bis-(3-ethylthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) was used as a mediator (laccase/mediator system) and significantly improved the laccase catalyzed elimination of BPA and TCS. The elimination of BPA in the absence of a mediator resulted in production of oligomers of molecular weights of 454, 680, and 906 amu as determined by mass spectra analysis. The elimination of TCS in the same conditions produced dimers, trimers, and tetramers of molecular weights of 574, 859, and 1146 amu. Ecotoxicological studies using Daphnia pulex to determine lethal concentration (LC50) showed an important reduction of the toxicity of BPA and TCS solutions after enzymatic treatments. Use of laccases emerges thus as a key alternative in the development of innovative wastewater treatment technologies. Moreover, the exploitation of local biodiversity appears as a potentially promising approach for identifying new efficient strains for biotechnological applications.
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Se propuso identificar los estilos de vida en adolescentes de una comunidad semiurbana, buscando respuesta a la pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los factores que se identifican en el instrumento Fantastic, en los estudiantes de la comunidad de Ixtlahuaca? Se trabajó con la variable de estilos de vida, ocupando el instrumento FANTASTIC. La muestra la conforman 1088 estudiantes, 603 hombres y 485 mujeres. La religión de mayor prevalencia es la católica con 844. Del instrumento se obtuvo una fiabilidad de .79, con 6 factores identificados: sentimientos negativos y estrés, satisfacción y pensamiento positivo, alimentación dañina, relajación y sueño, alcohol y tabaco, cafeína. Se concluye que se requiere manejo de hábitos saludables, prevención de adicciones y alimentación.
The proposal was to identify lifestyles among adolescents in a semi-urban community, seeking answers to the question: What are the factors that are identified in the Fantastic instrument in students Ixtlahuaca community? We worked with the lifestyle variable, holding the instrument FANTASTIC. The sample is formed by 1088 students, 603 men and 485 women. The most prevalent religion is Catholic with 844. The instrument yielded a reliability of .79, with 6 factors identified: negative feelings and stress, satisfaction and positive thinking, harmful food, relaxation and sleep, alcohol and snuff, caffeine. It is concluded that it is required management of healthy habits, addictions and alimentation prevention.
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In this report, we describe a rare case of brown tumor and mediastinal parathyroid adenoma. This report emphasizes the value of radionuclide scintigraphy in the setting of persistent disease following parathyroid surgery.
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Objetivo. Evaluar la eficiencia de la respuesta superovulatoria del ganado Brahman al protocolo P-24. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron doce vacas Brahman donadoras con más de 60 días postparto, a las cuales se les realizó un total de 21 tratamientos superovulatorios con base en el protocolo P-24. Se realizó la colecta de los embriones a través del método convencional y los embriones fueron clasificados (IETS). Resultados. Se obtuvo un promedio de 9.1 estructuras, 4.4 embriones transferibles, 3.7 embriones congelables y 3.2 embriones degenerados recuperados por colecta. Los estadíos de desarrollo que predominaron fueron mórula (32.6%), blastocisto temprano (38%) y blastocisto (18.5%). Se presentó efecto (p<0.05) del número de superovulaciones sucesivas sobre la producción de embriones congelables. Sin embargo, no hubo efecto (p>0.05) sobre las demás variables estudiadas. Se presentó efecto (p<0.05) de la producción promedio de estructuras recuperadas, embriones transferibles y congelables entre las donadoras con una producción mayor o igual a 5, y menor a 5 embriones transferibles. Por el contrario, no hubo efecto (p>0.05) de la producción promedio de embriones degenerados y ovocitos sin fecundar entre ambos grupos. No obstante, la proporción de éstos fue mayor en las donadoras con una menor producción de embriones transferibles (50 y 22.4%) vs. las donadoras con mayor producción (39.3 y 14%) para embriones degenerados y ovocitos sin fecundar respectivamente. Conclusiones. El ganado Brahman tuvo una respuesta superovulatoria eficiente al protocolo P-24 para transferencia de embriones a tiempo fijo.
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Bovinos , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Transferência Embrionária , SuperovulaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of semen and urine culture in the diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 70 consecutive men suspected of having chronic bacterial prostatitis along with 17 asymptomatic controls, we obtained urine and semen cultures followed 1 week later by the Meares and Stamey test, our reference standard. The interpretation of each of the cultures was blind to the results of other tests. RESULTS: 139 men were referred for evaluation of chronic bacterial prostatitis and 70 received all tests. Additionally, 17 control men volunteered to participate. The Meares and Stamey Test was positive in 69 (79%) patients. The semen culture had a sensitivity of 45% and a specificity of 94%. The likelihood ratio associated with a positive semen culture was 8.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 55.3); the likelihood ratio associated with a negative semen culture was 0.6 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.7). The urine culture had a sensitivity of 4% and a specificity of 100%. The likelihood ratio of a positive urine culture was infinity and of a negative urine culture was 0.96 (95% CI 0.9 to 1). CONCLUSIONS: While a positive semen culture in a symptomatic patient may suffice to select and start antibiotic treatment against chronic bacterial prostatitis, a negative culture does not rule out the condition. Urine cultures alone are not useful for diagnosing CBP. The Meares and Stamey test remains important for the diagnosis of CBP in practice.
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Próstata/microbiologia , Prostatite/diagnóstico , Sêmen/microbiologia , Adulto , Antibacterianos , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Crônica , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Prostatite/microbiologia , Prostatite/urinaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of semen and urine culture in the diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 70 consecutive men suspected of having chronic bacterial prostatitis along with 17 asymptomatic controls, we obtained urine and semen cultures followed 1 week later by the Meares and Stamey test, our reference standard. The interpretation of each of the cultures was blind to the results of other tests. RESULTS: 139 men were referred for evaluation of chronic bacterial prostatitis and 70 received all tests. Additionally, 17 control men volunteered to participate. The Meares and Stamey Test was positive in 69 (79 percent) patients. The semen culture had a sensitivity of 45 percent and a specificity of 94 percent. The likelihood ratio associated with a positive semen culture was 8.1 (95 percent confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 55.3); the likelihood ratio associated with a negative semen culture was 0.6 (95 percent CI 0.5 to 0.7). The urine culture had a sensitivity of 4 percent and a specificity of 100 percent. The likelihood ratio of a positive urine culture was infinity and of a negative urine culture was 0.96 (95 percent CI 0.9 to 1). CONCLUSIONS: While a positive semen culture in a symptomatic patient may suffice to select and start antibiotic treatment against chronic bacterial prostatitis, a negative culture does not rule out the condition. Urine cultures alone are not useful for diagnosing CBP. The Meares and Stamey test remains important for the diagnosis of CBP in practice.
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Próstata/microbiologia , Prostatite/diagnóstico , Sêmen/microbiologia , Antibacterianos , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Crônica , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Contagem de Leucócitos , Estudos Prospectivos , Prostatite/microbiologia , Prostatite/urinaRESUMO
La mejoria clínica es usualmente retardada en niños con infecciones invasivas causadas por bacterias Gram-positivas multirresistentes como Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente (MRSA) y Enterococos vancomicina resistentes (VRE), a pesar del uso de terapia antimicrobiana estandar.
Assuntos
Actinobacteria , Bactérias , Bactérias Gram-PositivasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Assessment of HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviours among female commercial sex workers (FCSW) across major cities in South America. METHODS: Seroepidemiological, cross sectional studies of 13 600 FCSW were conducted in nine countries of South America during the years 1999-2002. Participants were recruited in brothels, massage parlours, hotels, and streets where anonymous questionnaires and blood samples were collected. HIV infection was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening and western blot confirmatory tests. RESULTS: The overall HIV seroprevalence was 1.2% (range 0.0%-4.5%). The highest HIV seroprevalences were reported in Argentina (4.5%) and Paraguay (2.6%); no HIV infected FCSW were detected in Venezuela and Chile. Consistent predictors of HIV seropositivity were: (1) a previous history of sexually transmitted infections (STI, AORs = 3.8-8.3), and (2) 10 years or more in commercial sex work (AORs = 2.2-24.8). In addition, multiple (> or =3) sexual contacts (AOR = 5.0), sex with foreigners (AOR = 6.9), use of illegal drugs (AOR = 3.2), and marijuana use (AOR = 8.2) were associated with HIV seropositivity in Southern Cone countries. CONCLUSIONS: Consistently low HIV seroprevalences were detected among FCSW in South America, particularly in the Andean region. Predictors of HIV infection across the continent were STI and length of commercial sex work; however, use of illegal drugs, especially marijuana, and sexual contacts with foreigners were also found to be associated risk factors in the Southern Cone region. Interventions for the control of HIV and other STI need to be region and country specific; drug use appears to have an ever increasing role in the spread of HIV among heterosexually active populations.