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Solirubrobacter, though widespread in soils and rhizospheres, has been relatively unexplored despite its ubiquity. Previously acknowledged as a common soil bacterium, our research explores its phylogenomics, pangenomics, environmental diversity, and interactions within bacterial communities. By analysing seven genomic sequences, we have identified a pangenome consisting of 19,645 protein families, of which 2644 are shared across all studied genomes, forming the core genome. Interestingly, despite the non-motility of reported isolates, we discovered genes for flagellin and a partial flagellum assembly pathway. Examining the 16S ribosomal RNA genes of Solirubrobacter revealed substantial diversity, with 3166 operational taxonomic units identified in Mexican soils. Co-occurrence network analysis further demonstrated its significant integration within bacterial communities. Through phylogenomic scrutiny, we conclusively excluded the NCBI's GCA_009993245.1 genome from being classified as a Solirubrobacter. Our research into the metagenomic diversity of Solirubrobacter across various environments confirmed its presence in rhizospheres and certain soils, underscoring its adaptability. The geographical ubiquity of Solirubrobacter in rhizospheres raises intriguing questions regarding its potential interactions with plant hosts and the biotic and abiotic factors influencing its presence in soil. Given its ecological significance and genetic diversity, Solirubrobacter warrants further investigation as a potentially crucial yet underappreciated keystone species.
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Genoma Bacteriano , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Microbiologia do Solo , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Rizosfera , Genômica , Metagenômica , Variação GenéticaRESUMO
Neurotoxicity is a major obstacle in the effectiveness of Cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy. In this process, oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to be the main mechanisms involved in brain and lung toxicity. The aim of the present work was to study the influence of the amount of protein on some oxidative parameters in the brain and lungs of rats treated with Cisplatin (CP) and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) as neuroprotectors. Four groups of Wistar rats, each containing six animals, were fed with a protein diet at 7% for 15 days. Thereafter, the groups were given either a unique dose of CP® 5 mg/kg or NAC® 5 mg/kg as follows: group 1 (control), NaCl 0.9% vehicle; group 2, CP; group 3, NAC; and group 4, NAC + CP. The animals were sacrificed immediately after the treatments. Blood samples were collected upon sacrifice and used to measure blood triglycerides and glucose. The brain and lungs of each animal were obtained and used to assay lipid peroxidation (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA), catalase, and the activity of Ca+2, and Mg+2 ATPase using validated methods. TBARS, H2O2, and GSH were found to be significantly decreased in the cortex and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of the groups treated with CP and NAC. The total ATPase showed a significant increase in the lung and cerebellum/medulla oblongata, while 5-HIAA showed the same tendency in the cortex of the same group of animals. The increase in 5-HIAA and ATPase during NAC and CP administration resulted in brain protection. This effect could be even more powerful when membrane fluidity is increased, thus proving the efficacy of combined NAC and CP drug therapy, which appears to be a promising strategy for future chemotherapy in malnourished patients.
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Acetilcisteína , Cisplatino , Pulmão , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Cisplatino/toxicidade , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Ratos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Cérebro/efeitos dos fármacos , Cérebro/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Oleic acid (OA) is a monounsaturated compound with many health-benefitting properties such as obesity prevention, increased insulin sensitivity, antihypertensive and immune-boosting properties, etc. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of oleic acid (OA) and some anticancer drugs against oxidative damage induced by nitropropionic acid (NPA) in rat brain. Six groups of Wistar rats were treated as follows: Group 1, (control); group 2, OA; group 3, NPA + OA; group 4, cyclophosphamide (CPP) + OA; group 5, daunorubicin (DRB) + OA; and group 6, dexrazoxane (DXZ) + OA. All compounds were administered intraperitoneally route, every 24 h for 5 days. Their brains were extracted to measure lipoperoxidation (TBARS), H2O2, Ca+2, Mg+2 ATPase activity, glutathione (GSH) and dopamine. Glucose, hemoglobin and triglycerides were measured in blood. In cortex GSH increased in all groups, except in group 2, the group 4 showed the highest increase of this biomarker. TBARS decrease, and dopamine increase in all regions of groups 4, 5 and 6. H2O2 increased only in cerebellum/medulla oblongata of group 5 and 6. ATPase expression decreased in striatum of group 4. Glucose increased in group 6, and hemoglobin increased in groups 4 and 5. These results suggest that the increase of dopamine and the antioxidant effect of oleic acid administration during treatment with oncologic agents could result in less brain injury.
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Antineoplásicos , Encéfalo , Glutationa , Ácido Oleico , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Oleico/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Ratos , Masculino , Glutationa/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Nitrocompostos/farmacologia , Dopamina/metabolismo , Propionatos/farmacologia , Ciclofosfamida , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Daunorrubicina/farmacologia , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
Research on the relationships between oligoelements (OE) and the development of cancer or its prevention is a field that is gaining increasing relevance. The aim was to evaluate OE and their interactions with oncology treatments (cytarabine or etoposide) to determine the effects of this combination on biogenic amines and oxidative stress biomarkers in the brain regions of young Wistar rats. Dopamine (DA), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-Hiaa), Glutathione (Gsh), Tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and Ca+2, Mg+2 ATPase enzyme activity were measured in brain regions tissues using spectrophometric and fluorometric methods previously validated. The combination of oligoelements and cytarabine increased dopamine in the striatum but decreased it in cerebellum/medulla-oblongata, whereas the combination of oligoelements and etoposide reduced lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that supplementation with oligoelements modifies the effects of cytarabine and etoposide by redox pathways, and may become promising therapeutic targets in patients with cancer.
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Encéfalo , Citarabina , Dopamina , Etoposídeo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Etoposídeo/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Citarabina/farmacologia , Dopamina/metabolismo , Ratos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Glutationa/metabolismoRESUMO
Case Summary: Female nurse, 44-years-old with a weight of 127 pounds. She attended our emergency clinic for an urgent care due to post COVID-19 vertigo and anxiety. Her problem began with severe, short-lived attacks of objective-circular type vertigo, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The symptoms occurred when she assumed a lying position, turn right and sat or stood upright. Interventions: The patient received medical prescription for hypothyroidism, vertigo and anxiety symptoms. Oral route feeding was started and was well tolerated. Outcomes: The patient showed good evolution with the treatment. Currently, she is at home with daily intake of levothyroxine and losartan without complications. Conclusion: The clinical case suggests that in patients with hypothyroidism, COVID-19 infection may trigger and exacerbate vertigo and anxiety.
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The ability and facility of magnesium (Mg2+) and zinc (Zn2+) to interact with phosphate ions confer them the characteristics of essential trace elements. Trace elements are extremely necessary for the basic nucleic acid chemistry of cells of all known living organisms. More than 300 enzymes require zinc and magnesium ions for their catalytic actions, including all the enzymes involved in the synthesis of ATP. In addition, enzymes such as isomerases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases and hydrolases that use other nucleotides to synthesize DNA and RNA require magnesium and zinc. These nucleotides may trigger oxidative damage or important changes against free radicals. In the same way, nucleotides may play an important role in the pathophysiology of degenerative diseases, including in some clinical disorders, where vascular risk factors, oxidative stress and inflammation work to destabilize the patients` homeostatic equilibrium. Indeed, reduced levels of zinc and magnesium may lead to inadequate amount of antioxidant enzymes, and thus, acts as an important contributing factor for the induction of oxidative stress leading to cellular or tissue dysfunction. Hence, the development of zinc or magnesium enzyme inhibitors could be a novel opportunity for the treatment of some human disorders. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to assess the clinical benefits of zinc and magnesium in human health and their effects in some clinical disorders.
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Oligoelementos , Zinco , Humanos , Magnésio/farmacologia , Nucleotídeos , ÍonsRESUMO
Previous studies have shown that dopaminergic activity modulates the salience of novel stimuli enabling the formation of recognition memories. In this work, we hypothesize that dopamine released into the insular cortex (IC) from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) inputs enables the acquisition to consolidate object recognition memory. It has been reported that short training produces weak recognition memories; on the contrary, longer training produces lasting and robust recognition memories. Using a Cre-recombinase under the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH+) promoter mouse model, we photostimulated the VTA-IC dopaminergic pathway during short training or photoinhibited the same pathway during long training while mice explored objects. Our results showed that the photostimulation of the VTA-IC pathway during a short training enables the acquisition of recognition memory. Conversely, photoinhibition of the same pathway during a long training prevents the acquisition of recognition memory. Interestingly, the exploration time of the objects under photoinhibition or photostimulation of the dopaminergic VTA-IC pathway was not altered. Significantly, this enhancement of acquisition of the object recognition memory through the photostimulation of the VTA dopaminergic neurons could be impaired by the blockage of the D1-like receptors into the IC, either before or after the photostimulation. Altogether, our results suggest that dopamine released by the VTA is required during the acquisition to consolidate the object recognition memory through D1-like receptors into the IC without affecting the activity or the motivation to explore objects.
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Dopamina , Área Tegmentar Ventral , Camundongos , Animais , Dopamina/metabolismo , Área Tegmentar Ventral/metabolismo , Córtex Insular , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Psicológico , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/metabolismoRESUMO
Eighty-five percent of the studies of patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) treated with Levothyroxine (L-T4) report neuropsychological sequelae throughout life. In neonates and infants, there is a deficit in sensorimotor skills (impaired balance). In preschool and elementary school children and adolescents, there are alterations in intellectual quotient (low scores), language (delayed phonological acquisition), memory (visual, verbal, visuospatial, visuoconstructive, autobiographical, and semantic), sensorimotor skills (impaired fine and gross motor control), and visuoconstructive-visuospatial domain (low scores in spatial location, block design, and object assembly). These neuropsychological domains are also affected in young adults, except for language (adequate verbal fluency) and visuoconstructive-visuospatial domain (no data). The onset and severity of neuropsychological sequelae in patients with treated CH depend on several factors: extrinsic, related to L-T4 treatment and social aspects, and intrinsic, such as severity and etiology of CH, as well as structural and physiological changes in the brain. In this review, we hypothesized that thyroid hormone hyposensitivity (THH) could also contribute to neuropsychological alterations by reducing the effectiveness of L-T4 treatment in the brain. Thus, further research could approach the THH hypothesis at basic and clinical levels to implement new endocrinological and neuropsychological therapies for CH patients.
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Taste memory involves storing information through plasticity changes in the neural network of taste, including the insular cortex (IC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), a critical provider of dopamine. Although a VTA-IC dopaminergic pathway has been demonstrated, its role to consolidate taste recognition memory remains poorly understood. We found that photostimulation of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA or VTA-IC dopaminergic terminals of TH-Cre mice improves the salience to consolidate a subthreshold novel taste stimulus regardless of its hedonic value, without altering their taste palatability. Importantly, the inhibition of the D1-like receptor into the IC impairs the salience to facilitate consolidation of an aversive taste recognition memory. Finally, our results showed that VTA photostimulation improves the salience to consolidate a conditioned taste aversion memory through the D1-like receptor into the IC. It is concluded that the dopamine activity from the VTA into IC is required to increase the salience enabling the consolidation of a taste recognition memory. Notably, the D1-like receptor activity into the IC is required to consolidate both innate and learned aversive taste memories but not appetitive taste memory.
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AIM: The purpose was to measure the effect of Oseltamivir on oxidative biomarkers and dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in brain of rats with induced hypotriglyceridemia by Bezafibrate.Male young Wistar rats were treated as follows: group 1, NaCl 0.9%, (Controls); group 2, Oseltamivir (100 mg/kg); group 3, single dose of Bezafibrate (150 mg/kg); group 4, four dose of Bezafibrate; group 5, single dose of Bezafibrate + Oseltamivir and group 6, four doses of Bezafibrate + Oseltamivir. Drugs were given orally. Triglycerides, Dopamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), Glutathione (GSH), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation, as well as total ATPase activity were measured using validated methods. RESULTS: Oseltamivir treated animals showed lower GSH and lipid peroxidation levels and an increment in 5-HIAA in the three evaluated brain regions. Treatment with Oseltamivir also reduces H2O2 in the cortex and cerebellum/medulla oblongata. ATPase enzyme increased in these regions in the groups that were administered with Bezafibrate in repeated doses and in combination with Oseltamivir in single dose. Dopamine concentrations decreased in groups treated with Oseltamivir in the three evaluated regions. Also, there was a decrease in dopamine concentrations in the cerebellum/medulla oblongata of the animals treated with the combination of Oseltamivir and Bezafibrate.Innovation and conclusion: Animals with bezafibrate induced hypo-triglyceridemia that received Oseltamivir, either in single or repeated doses, have a higher improvement of their antioxidant activity and also experienced changes in the dopaminergic and serotonergic system in their brain, intending establish the beneficial of joint administration of both drugs in obese patients.
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Dopamina , Oseltamivir , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Animais , Bezafibrato/farmacologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Ácido Hidroxi-Indolacético/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Masculino , Oseltamivir/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Introducción:La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 ha tenido un impacto negativo en múltiplesaspectosdelavidahumana,tantoenlofísico,psicológico, económico, social y cultural. Las afecciones de la calidad de vida están asociadas al confinamiento y la libertad de salir, de pasar tiempo con sus amigos o familiares, o de realizar actividades; por lo que se ven privados de la mayor parte de su interacción social. El objetivo de este presente artículo es brindar información sobre cómo afecta el confinamiento y aislamiento social por la pandemia a la calidad de vida y salud mental.
Introduction:The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has had a negative impact on multiple aspects of human life, both physical, psychological, economic, social and cultural. Quality of life conditions are associated with confinement and freedom to go out, to spend time with friends or family, or to carry out activities; so they are deprived of most of their social interaction. The objective of this present article is to provide information on how confinement and social isolation due to the pandemic affects quality of life and mental health
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RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 ha tenido un impacto negativo en múltiples aspectos de la vida humana, tanto en lo físico, psicológico, económico, social y cultural. Las afecciones de la calidad de vida están asociadas al confinamiento y la libertad de salir, de pasar tiempo con sus amigos o familiares, o de realizar actividades; por lo que se ven privados de la mayor parte de su interacción social. El objetivo de este presente artículo es brindar información sobre cómo afecta el confinamiento y aislamiento social por la pandemia a la calidad de vida y salud mental.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has had a negative impact on multiple aspects of human life, both physical, psychological, economic, social and cultural. Quality of life conditions are associated with confinement and freedom to go out, to spend time with friends or family, or to carry out activities; so they are deprived of most of their social interaction. The objective of this present article is to provide information on how confinement and social isolation due to the pandemic affects quality of life and mental health
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Several risks for diseases, such as atherosclerosis, renal diseases, and diabetes, have inextricably been linked with obesity. Nowadays, this health-risk-laden disease is being managed with assorted types of drugs, some of which guarantee modest benefits. The chronic inflammatory effect of obesity has a negative effect in insulin signaling, a situation attributable to insulin resistance that culminates in high blood sugar inputs seen in diseases such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Food such as beans with different bioactive compounds could reduce the risk of diabetic complications. Demand for bean products is growing because of its robust contents of several health-promoting components, eg, saponins. Saponins are characterized by containing lower glucose and cholesterol levels and have been doted with antioxidant activities, as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. In this writing, the attributes of saponins in providing substantial health and nutritional benefits in humans, as well as in improving and ameliorating diabetic complications, were reviewed.
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The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of sildenafil on dopamine, 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) and selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in the brain of hypoglycemic rats. The animals were treated intraperitoneally as follows: group 1 (control), saline solution; group 2, insulin (10 U per rat or 50 U kg-1); group 3, insulin + single dose of sildenafil (50 U kg-1 + 50 mg kg-1); group 4, insulin + three doses of sildenafil every 24 hours (50 U kg-1 + 50 mg kg-1). In groups 2, 3 and 4, insulin was administered every 24 hours for 10 days. Blood glucose was measured after the last treatment. On the last day of the treatment, the animals´ brains were extracted to measure the levels of oxidative stress markers [H2O2, Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase, glutathione and lipid peroxidation (TBARS)], dopamine and 5-HIAA in the cortex, striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata by validated methods. The results suggest that administration of insulin in combination with sildenafil induces hypoglycemia and hypotension, enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines. Administration of insulin and sildenafil promotes biometabolic responses in glucose control, namely, it induces hypoglycemia and hypotension. It also enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines.
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Aminas Biogênicas/metabolismo , Hipoglicemia/fisiopatologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Citrato de Sildenafila/toxicidade , Animais , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/patologia , Dopamina/metabolismo , Ácido Hidroxi-Indolacético/metabolismo , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Insulina/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The aim was to determine the effect of zinc (Zn) and insulin on oxidative stress and levels of dopamine in brain of rats. Wistar rats were treated either with zinc alone or combined with insulin during 10â¯days. After the last dose blood glucose was measured. Their brains were extracted to measure H2O2, Ca+2, Mg+2 ATPase, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (Tbars) and Dopamine. Zn does not possess anti-glycemic effect like Insulin however, it is noticeable that the combination of Insulin plus Zn induces a major glucose reduction (pâ¯<â¯0.0001) than Insulin alone. In cerebellum/medulla oblongata, the groups treated with Insulin and Zn show a significantly increase in dopamine (pâ¯<â¯0.005). Insulin plus Zn reduced GSH level in cortex. Insulin plus Zn reduced level of H2O2 in Striatum and in cerebellum/medulla oblongata. Lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced by the administration of Insulin as in the combination of Insulin and Zn in all regions (pâ¯<â¯0.0001). In cerebellum medulla oblongata, ATPase activity showed an increase only in the group treated with Insulinâ¯+â¯Zn. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the use of insulin plus Zn produce favorable changes on oxidative stress and this as consequence on the levels of dopamine.
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Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Insulina/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Zinco/farmacologia , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Interações Medicamentosas , Glucose/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to measure the effect on brain biomarkers after treatment with anticancer compounds - cytarabine (CT) and ferric carboxymaltose (FC) (Fe+3) in Wistar rats. METHODS: The Wistar rats were treated as follows: group 1 (control), NaCl 0.9%; group 2, CT (25 mg/k), group 3, FC(Fe+3) (50 mg/k) and group 4, CT + FC(Fe+3). The animals were sacrificed and their brains were obtained and used to measure lipoperoxidation (TBARS), H2O2, Na+, K+ ATPase, glutathione (GSH), serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA) and dopamine. The results indicated an enhancement of lipid peroxidation in the cortex and striatum of groups treated with FC(Fe+3) and CT, while GSH decreased in the cortex of group treated with CT + FC(Fe+3). Dopamine decreased in the cortex of the rats that received CT, while in the striatum, 5HIAA increased in all groups. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the treatment with CT and FC(Fe+3) boosted oxidative stress and led to an alteration in momoamine concentrations in the brain.
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Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Citarabina/farmacologia , Compostos Férricos/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Maltose/análogos & derivados , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Maltose/farmacologia , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Wistar , Serotonina/metabolismoRESUMO
Antecedentes:Background: Los Linfomas Pulmonares constituyen menos del 15 % de todos los linfomas. Los linfomas primarios en pulmón son una entidad de poca frecuencia, más aún el subtipo llamado MALT (linfoma de tejido linfoide asociado a mucosas) estos representan apenas al 1 % de todos los linfomas y 0,5 % de todos los tumores pulmonares. Se caracterizan por proli-feración clonal linfoide que afecta a los bronquios o al parénquima pulmonar de forma unilateral o bilateral sin que exista evidencia de afectación extra torácica al momento de su diagnóstico. Caso Clinico: paciente de 33 años atendido en servicio de Neumología del Instituto Nacional Cardiopulmonar de Tegucigalpa, Honduras por historia de dolor pleurítico en hemitórax derecho, tos con expecto-ración hemoptoica de 3 semanas de evolución acompañado de estertores crepitantes en hemitórax anterior derecho con diagnóstico histológico e inmunohistoquimico mediante biopsia de linfoma pulmonar de tipo Malt. Discusión: Es importante tener en cuenta a este tipo de tumores, dado que los síntomas, signos clínicos y los estudios de imágenes son inespecíficos. (5) teniendo en cuenta los diagnósticos diferenciales de causas no infecciosas, como la enfermedad metastásica, la granulomatosis de Wegener, los linfomas, las leucemias, las neumonías criptogénicas, la enfermedad tromboembólica y las enfermedades del colágeno...(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Atresia Pulmonar , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/diagnóstico , Doenças Pulmonares IntersticiaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Neurological disorders suggest that the excitotoxicity involves a drastic increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and the formation of reactive oxygen species. The presence of these free radicals may also affect the dopaminergic system. The aim of this work was to determine if riboflavin (B2) and pyridoxine (B6) provide protection to the brain against free radicals generated by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) by measuring the levels of dopamine (DA) and selected oxidative stress markers. METHODS: Male Fisher rats were grouped (n = 6) and treated as follows: group 1, control (NaCl 0.9%); group 2, 3-NPA (20 mg/kg); group 3, B2 (10 mg/kg); group 4, B2 (10 mg/kg) + 3-NPA (20 mg/kg); group 5, B6 (10 mg/kg) and group 6, B6 + 3-NPA. All treatments were administered every 24 h for 5 days by intraperitoneal route. After sacrifice, the brain was obtained to measure DA, GSH, and lipid peroxidation, Ca2+, Mg2+, ATPase and H2O2. MAIN FINDINGS: Levels of dopamine increased in cortex, striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of animals that received 3-NPA alone. The lipid peroxidation increased in cortex, striatum, and cerebellum/medulla oblongata, of animals treated with B2 vitamin alone. ATPase dependent on Ca+2, Mg+2 and H2O2 increased in all regions of animals that received 3-NPA alone. CONCLUSION: The results confirm the capacity of 3-NPA to generate oxidative stress. Besides, the study suggests that B2 or B6 vitamins restored the levels of DA and reduced oxidative stress in brain of rats. We believe that these results would help in the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Dopamina/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Piridoxina/farmacologia , Riboflavina/farmacologia , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Doença de Huntington/metabolismo , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Nitrocompostos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Propionatos , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cyclodextrins are active pharmaceutical ingredients to treat neurological diseases by reducing neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to test if combined consumption of ß-cyclodextrin (BCD) and Oleic acid (OA) potentiates brain antioxidant protection. METHODS: Four groups of young Wistar rats, grouped in 6 animals each, were treated as follows: Group (G) 1, saline solution 0.9% (control); G2, BCD (0.7 g/kg); G3, OA (15 ml/kg); G4, BCD + OA. The same design was assayed for groups of adult rats. Treatments were daily administered by oral means for five consecutive days. On the last day of administration, brains of the animals were extracted to measure dopamine, 5-HIAA, glutathione (GSH), ATPase, Lipoperoxidation and H2O2. RESULTS: Oleic acid and ß-cyclodextrin upgraded the levels of dopamine, 5-HIAA and lipid peroxidation and downgraded the concentrations of GSH and H2O2 in cortex, hemispheres (striatum) and cerebellum/medulla oblongata regions. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that combined use of oleic acid and ß-cyclodextrin may increase oxidative damage in brain regions and promote alteration in dopamine and 5-HIAA amines and hence, constitutes health risks among age of subjects.
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Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Ácido Oleico/farmacologia , beta-Ciclodextrinas/farmacologia , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Fatores Etários , Animais , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Ácido Hidroxi-Indolacético/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Antecedentes: La microlitiasis es una afección pulmonar poco frecuente, caracterizada por acumulo de fosfatos de calcio en el interior de los alveolos pulmonares, originando cuerpos nodulares conocidos como microlitos, siendo esta su principal caracterís-tica. Destacando la poca relación Clínico Radiológica, dada su escasa documentación y relativamente poco estudio, es difícil su diag-nóstico y frecuentemente es confundida con otras entidades patológicas. Caso Clínico: Femenina de 38 años, hipertensa controlada con atenolol 100 mg vía oral día, exposición al humo de leña, con 6 meses de tos intermitente, seca, disnea y sibilancias nocturnas, se le practicó una tomografía que en la ventana mediastial se aprecia corazón de tamaño normal con algunas adenomegalias de pocos milímetros para órticos y peri traqueales no sospechosos y en la ventana pulmonar hay llenado alveolar homogéneo difuso bilateral, con engrosamiento nodular centro lobular y septal con calciicaciones inas de la pleura. La biopsia trasbronquial reporta espacios al-veolares con presencia de concentraciones laminares en piel de cebolla basóilos intra alveolares compatible con microlitiasis alveolar. Discusión: Identiicar estas particularidades nos permitiría realizar un abordaje temprano para evitar complicaciones iniciales de esta enfermedad, aunque no se conoce un tratamiento curativo...(AU)