RESUMO
AIMS: Low and middle income countries share a heavy burden of suicide with about three in every four suicides occurring in these countries. Mexico has witnessed a growing trend in suicide deaths; if this trend is not simply a reflection of better reporting of suicide on death certificates, then this increase should logically be accompanied by an increasing trend in suicide ideation, plan and attempts, but we lack information on the trends for suicide ideation, plan and attempt for this period. We therefore aim to report changes for suicidal behaviour for the period 2001-2013 in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. METHOD: Using two cross-sectional surveys conducted in Mexico in 2001 and 2013, we report the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicide ideation, plan and attempt and changes in treatment for these problems among respondents aged 19-26 living in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area 12 years apart. To estimate the changes in prevalence for each outcome, we used generalised linear models to calculate prevalence ratios (PR; the prevalence rate in the exposed (year 2013) divided by the prevalence rate in the unexposed (year 2001-2002), adjusting for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: While increases in the prevalence are noted everywhere, statistical comparisons only found differences for lifetime ideation (PR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.7-5.8) and a borderline difference for suicide attempt (PR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.0-4.9). No attempt within the last 12-months was reported in 2001, but the prevalence in 2013 reached 1.5% (18 cases). While PRs for 12-month prevalence were all above the null, none reached statistically significant differences. During this 12-year period, the distribution of mental disorders and the use of services for mental disorders among suicide ideators, planners and attempters did not change in any noticeable way. CONCLUSIONS: The limitations of our data are the small number of participants in the 2001 survey, the low follow-up rate for the survey in 2013 and that while representative from one city it does not represent the whole country. These findings suggest that suicide ideation and attempt may have increased during this 12-year period in the Mexico City metropolitan area, but this increase did not lead to more use of mental health care services. This information, coupled with the long-term trend of increasing suicide death rates in the country, draw a worrisome and neglected scenario for our youth in this region. Urgent measures, following the recent WHO guidelines for suicide prevention, must not be postponed.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Causas de Morte/tendências , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Suicídio/psicologia , Suicídio/tendências , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/tendências , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study describes the prevalence, adequacy and correlates of 12-month mental health service use among participants in the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. METHODS: The authors conducted face-to-face household surveys of a probability sample of 3005 adolescents aged 12-17 years residing in the Mexico City metropolitan area during 2005. The prevalence of mental health disorders and the use of services were assessed with the computer-assisted adolescent version of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Correlates of service use and adequate treatment were identified in logistic regression analyses that took into account the complex sample design and weighting process. FINDINGS: Less than one in seven respondents with psychiatric disorders used any mental health services during the previous year. Respondents with substance-use disorders reported the highest prevalence of service use and those with anxiety disorders the lowest. Approximately one in every two respondents receiving any services obtained treatment that could be considered minimally adequate. CONCLUSION: We found large unmet needs for mental health services among adolescents with psychiatric disorders in Mexico City. Improvements in the mental health care of Mexican youth are urgently needed.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde do Adolescente , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Serviços Urbanos de SaúdeRESUMO
In 1988, the General Directorate of Epidemiology and the Mexican Institute of Psychiatry conducted the first National Addiction Survey (ENA), providing regional and national data on alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. The ENA providing a subsample of women who have been pregnant at some time in their lives. There were 5,234 affirmative responses. Women were asked if they had suffered any of three adverse outcomes during their last pregnancy: spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities. Prevalence of spontaneous abortion was 3.8%, stillbirth 1.2%, and congenital abnormalities 1.1 %. Multiple logistic-regression models were used to analyze the effect of alcohol consumption on these problems. Consumption during pregnancy was related only with the prevalence of congenital abnormalities, with prevalence odds of 3.4. Among habitual users during the last 12 months, oniy women in the highest use category showed an important relationship with the three problems mentioned. Follow-up studies on the Mexican population are recommended in order to obtain more conclusive findings.
RESUMO
The contents of this special issue were also published in Spanish in the Boletín de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana Vol. 107, N0. 6, 1989
Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Alcoolismo , Fumar , México , Inquéritos EpidemiológicosRESUMO
As a country that produces marijuana and opium, and as a route for cocaine traffic to te United States of America, Mexico is experiencing serious social and health problems related to the trafficking, use and abuse of these drugs, and other dependency-producing substances. In 1988 a national survey of addiction was undertaken in which information was collected on the prevalence of the use of alcohol, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, opium, heroin, narcotic analgesics, sedatives and traquilizers. A sample was identified in the population between the ages of 12 and 65 living in urban areas of more than 2,500 inhabitants, which account for approximately 65 percent of the country's total population. This sample consisted of 12,557 persons, according to the results of the survey, 51 percent of the population between 18 and 65 years of age use alcoholic beverage and 24.7 percent of the entire study population are active smokers. In addition, 43 percent had use one or more drugs other than tobacco or alcohol at some time. Prevelence of marijuana use was 2.6 percent, while the rates for tranquilizers, inhalants, and amphetamines were identical (0.7 percent). For cocaine the rate was 0.3 percent, and for heroin 0.1 percent