RESUMO
To date, the most widely used drugs in our anticoagulation clinics are acenocoumarin and warfarin, which belong to the category of vitamin K antagonists (VKA). They have about 70 years of use in the clinic, with proven efficacy for various thrombotic diseases, but also with known problems of variability and dietary and drug interactions. In hospital thromboprophylaxis, the most widely used anticoagulant is enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). A new generation of anticoagulants are available, the direct thrombin inhibitors (dabigatran) and factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban and apixaban), with obvious advantages over conventional anticoagulants. This paper summarizes what has been published to date for these new antithrombotics.