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Biocomposites create attractive alternatives to match packing needs with available agricultural residues. Growing native fungal strains developed a mycelium biocomposite over a mixture of Peach Palm Fruit Peel Flour and Sugar Cane Bagasse Wet Dust. A methodology was proposed to analyze their main characteristics: 1) morphological, 2) chemical, and 3) biodegradability. 1) SEM analysis evidenced the structural change of the dried vs pressed material and mycelium morphology for both species. 2) The ratio lignin:carbohydrate showed that P. ostreatus degrades the cellulose-hemicellulose fraction of the substrate at a higher rate than T. elegans, and 3) the curve BMP indicated that these materials are readily biodegradable with a maximum yield of 362,50 mL biogas/g VS. An innovative tangible valorization strategy based on mass balances is also presented: from just 50 kg of peel flour, up to 1840 units can be manufactured, which could pave the way for a more sustainable future.

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The extraction of total lipids and tocopherol compounds from Patagonian squid (Doriteuthis gahi) by-products (viscera, heads, skin, etc.), resulting from squid mantel commercialisation, was studied. An optimisation simplex-lattice design by employing low-toxicity solvents (ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate) was carried out taking into account their relative concentrations. The variance analysis of data showed that the quadratic model was statistically significant (p < 0.05); empirical coded equations were obtained as a function of the low-toxicity solvent ratios. The optimised lipid extraction was obtained by employing the 0.642/0.318/0.040 (ethanol/acetone/ethyl acetate) solvent ratio, respectively, leading to an 84% recovery of the total lipids extracted by the traditional procedure. In all extracting systems tested, the presence of α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol compounds was detected, α-tocopherol being the most abundant. For α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol compounds, the optimisation process showed that acetone extraction led to the highest concentrations in the lipid extract obtained (2736.5, 36.8, and 2.8 mg·kg-1 lipids, respectively). Taking into account the recovery yield on a by-product basis, the values obtained for the three tocopherols were included in the 88.0-97.7%, 80.0-95.0%, and 25-75% ranges, respectively, when compared to the traditional extraction. This study provides a novel and valuable possibility for α-tocopherol extraction from marine by-products.

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Green extraction was applied to Argentinean shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) viscera, consisting of a wet pressing method including a drying step, mechanic pressing, centrifugation of the resulting slurry, and oil collection. To maximise the oil yield and ω3 fatty acid content and to minimise the oil damage degree, a response surface methodology (RSM) design was developed focused on the drying temperature (45-85 °C) and time (30-90 min). In general, an increase of the drying time and temperature provided an increase in the lipid yield recovery from the viscera. The strongest drying conditions showed a higher recovery than 50% when compared with the traditional chemical method. The docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid contents in the extracted oil revealed scarce dependence on drying conditions, showing valuable ranges (149.2-166.5 and 88.7-102.4 g·kg-1 oil, respectively). Furthermore, the values of free fatty acids, peroxides, conjugated dienes, and ω3/ω6 ratio did not show extensive differences by comparing oils obtained from the different drying conditions. Contrary, a polyene index (PI) decrease was detected with increasing drying time and temperature. The RSM analysis indicated that optimised drying time (41.3 min) and temperature (85 °C) conditions would lead to 74.73 g·kg-1 (oil yield), 1.87 (PI), and 6.72 (peroxide value) scores, with a 0.67 desirability value.

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End-stage kidney disease has a negative impact on patients' quality of life. People who receive a kidney transplant experience an improvement in many areas of their daily life. Sexuality is a general component of health, which can be affected by end-stage kidney disease and kidney transplant. The aim of this study was to explore and understand the experiences and perspectives of kidney transplant recipients regarding their sexuality. A qualitative study based on Gadamer's hermeneutic philosophy was carried out. Two focus groups and nine interviews were conducted with 18 kidney transplant recipients. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with the help of qualitative analysis software. Two main themes emerged from the data: (1) "The impact of a kidney transplant on sexuality", with the subthemes "sexuality is relegated to the background", "physical decline acts as a sexual inhibitor", and "changes in sexual activity following a kidney transplant"; (2) "Sexual education in kidney transplant recipients" with the subthemes "sexuality: a hidden concern amongst kidney transplant recipients" and "talking about sexuality with healthcare professionals". Sexuality is a frequent concern among kidney transplant recipients. The physiological and emotional changes experienced after kidney transplant exert a great influence on their sexuality. Healthcare professionals rarely discuss sexuality concerns with kidney transplant recipients. Professional sexual education and assistance are necessary to improve sexual health satisfaction of kidney transplant recipients.

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Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar as experiências e expectativas de pacientes submetidos a prostatectomia radical não poupadora de nervos. Métodos Estudo qualitativo, descritivo-exploratório, baseado na fenomenologia hermenêutica. Foram realizadas dezesseis entrevistas em profundidade entre fevereiro e dezembro de 2017 e análise indutiva dos dados. Resultados Dois temas que refletem as experiências dos pacientes emergiram da análise: (1) As mudanças sexuais como fator-chave da resposta adaptativa, com os subtemas "Dificuldades sexuais após a cirurgia" e "Questões com relacionamentos íntimos e bem-estar psicossocial"; (2) Prostatectomia: a necessidade de adaptação a uma sexualidade holística, com os subtemas "Questionamento das experiências a partir do comportamento sexual atual" e "Adaptação da sexualidade e a intimidade após a cirurgia". Conclusão Pacientes submetidos à prostatectomia enfrentam dificuldades sexuais como disfunção erétil. Essas mudanças causam problemas nos relacionamentos sexuais e íntimos que afetam seu bem-estar. Diante dessa situação, alguns participantes questionam suas práticas sexuais habituais e tentam se adaptar a uma sexualidade holística não centrada no coito, incorporando formas inovadoras de sexualidade. Conhecer as experiências de homens submetidos a prostatectomia radical pode ajudar os profissionais de saúde a oferecer novas estratégias para lidar com as mudanças ambientais envolvidas na cirurgia da próstata.

Resumen Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las experiencias y expectativas de pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía radical sin conservación de bandeletas neurovasculares. Métodos Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo-exploratorio, basado en la fenomenología hermenéutica. Se realizaron 16 entrevistas en profundidad entre febrero y diciembre de 2017 y un análisis inductivo de los datos. Resultados A partir del análisis, surgieron dos temas que reflejan las experiencias de los pacientes: (1) Los cambios sexuales como factor clave de la respuesta adaptativa, con dos subtemas "Dificultades sexuales después de la cirugía" y "Cuestiones sobre relaciones íntimas y bienestar psicosocial" y (2) Prostatectomía: necesidad de adaptación a una sexualidad holística, con los subtemas "Cuestionamiento de las experiencias a partir del comportamiento sexual actual" y "Adaptación de la sexualidad e intimidad después de la cirugía". Conclusión Los pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía enfrentan dificultades sexuales como disfunción eréctil. Estos cambios causan problemas en las relaciones sexuales e íntimas que afectan su bienestar. Ante esta situación, algunos participantes cuestionan sus prácticas sexuales habituales e intentan adaptarse a una sexualidad holística no centrada en el coito, incorporando formas innovadoras de sexualidad. Conocer las experiencias de hombres sometidos a prostatectomía radical puede ayudar a los profesionales de la salud a ofrecer nuevas estrategias para lidiar con los cambios ambientales relacionados con la cirugía de próstata.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and expectations of patients who underwent non-nerve sparing radical prostatectomy. Methods A qualitative descriptive, exploratory, study, based on hermeneutic phenomenology. Sixteen in-depth interviews were carried out between February and December 2017. An inductive analysis of data was performed. Results Two themes reflecting the patients' experiences emerged from the analysis: (1) Sexual changes as a key factor of the adaptive response, with the subthemes "Sexual difficulties after surgery" and "Issues with intimate relationships and psychosocial wellbeing". (2) Prostatectomy: the need of adaptation to a holistic sexuality, with the subthemes "Questioning the experiences from the current sexual behavior" and "Adapting sexuality and intimacy after surgery". Conclusion Patients undergoing prostatectomy face sexual difficulties such as erectile dysfunction. These changes cause problems in sexual and intimate relationships that affect their wellbeing. Given this situation, some participants question their usual sexual practices and try to adapt to a holistic sexuality not centered on coitus by incorporating innovative forms of sexuality. Knowing the experiences of men who underwent radical prostatectomy might help healthcare workers to provide new strategies for coping with the environmental changes involved in prostate surgery.

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Teaching nursing students about the model of evidence-based practice is a challenge for university faculty. The aim of this study was to measure knowledge, skills and attitudes related to evidence-based practice among undergraduate nursing students, as well as associated factors. The study involved a cross-sectional design using a survey of all students enrolled in a Bachelor of Nursing programme (1st to 4th year) in three nursing faculties of universities in Chile, Colombia and Spain. The Spanish version of the Evidence-Based Competence Questionnaire was used to measure knowledge, skills, attitudes and overall competency. In total, 875 students completed the questionnaire. The overall score of competency in evidence-based practice was similar in all three universities (range 1-5) (3.63 in Chile, 3.58 in Colombia and 3.68 in Spain). The score of self-rated attitudes was strongly correlated with the overall competency measured. More hours of training in research methods and reading nursing journals articles in the last month were the factors associated with higher scores in evidence-based practice competency. The undergraduate nursing students at the three universities surveyed obtained a high score in overall competency in evidence-based practice. No differences were found among them, despite the different approaches used in educational programmes.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the effect of dry care and the application of chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord of newborns at risk of developing omphalitis. Method: systematic review with meta-analysis. Clinical trials comparing dry care with the application of clorexidine to evaluate omphalitis were selected. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. Results: the joint analysis of the studies shows a significant decrease in the risk of omphalitis in the chlorhexidine group compared to the dry care group (RR=0.58, CI: 0.53-0.64). However, in the analysis by subgroups, chlorhexidine umbilical cord care did not reduce the risk of omphalitis in hospital births (RR=0.82, CI: 0.64-1.05), in countries with a low infant mortality rate (RR=0.8, CI: 0.5-1.28), or at chlorhexidine concentrations below 4% (RR=0.55, CI: 0.31-1). Chlorhexidine acted as a protective factor at a concentration of 4% (RR=0.58, CI: 0.53-0.64), when applied in cases of home births (RR=0.57, CI: 0.51-0.62), in countries with a high infant mortality rate (RR=0.57, CI: 0.52-0.63). Conclusion: dry cord care is effective in countries with low infant mortality rate and in hospital births. However, 4% chlorhexidine for umbilical cord care protects against omphalitis in home births, in countries with a high infant mortality rate.

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar o efeito da cura a seco e da aplicação de clorexidina no cordão umbilical de recém-nascidos em risco de desenvolver onfalite. Método: revisão sistemática com metanálise. Foram selecionados os ensaios clínicos que comparavam a cura a seco com a aplicação de clorexidina para avaliar a onfalite. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada com Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. Resultados: a análise conjunta dos estudos mostra uma redução significativa do risco de onfalite no grupo da clorexidina em comparação com a cura a seco (RR=0,58; IC 0,53-0,64). Entretanto, na análise por subgrupos, a cura com clorexidina não reduziu o risco de onfalite em nascimentos hospitalares (RR=0,82; IC: 0,64-1,05), nos países com baixa taxa de mortalidade infantil (RR=0,8; IC: 0,5-1,28), ou com concentrações de clorexidina abaixo de 4% (RR=0,55; IC: 0,31-1). A clorexidina atuou como fator de proteção na concentração de 4% (RR=0,58; IC: 0,53-0,64), aplicada em nascimentos no domicílio (RR=0,57; IC: 0,51-0,62), em países com taxas de mortalidade infantil elevadas (RR=0,57; IC: 0,52-0,63). Conclusão: a cura a seco é eficaz em países com baixa taxa de mortalidade infantil e em nascimentos no contexto hospitalar. No entanto, a cura com clorexidina 4% protege contra a onfalite nos nascimentos domiciliares, em países com elevada mortalidade infantil.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar el efecto de la cura seca y de la aplicación de clorhexidina en el cordón umbilical de los recién nacidos en el riesgo de desarrollo de onfalitis. Método: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos que compararan la cura seca con la aplicación de clorhexidina evaluando la onfalitis. Calidad metodológica evaluada con Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. Resultados: el análisis conjunto de los estudios muestra una reducción significativa del riesgo de onfalitis en el grupo de clorhexidina en comparación con cura seca (RR=0,58; IC: 0,53-0,64). Sin embargo, en el análisis por subgrupos, la cura con clorhexidina no aportó reducción del riesgo de onfalitis en nacimientos hospitalarios (RR=0,82; IC: 0,64-1,05) en países con baja tasa de mortalidad infantil (RR=0,8; IC: 0,5-1,28), ni a concentraciones de clorhexidina inferiores al 4% (RR=0,55; IC: 0,31-1). La clorhexidina actuó como factor protector a concentraciones del 4% (RR=0,58; IC: 0,53-0,64), aplicada en nacimientos en el hogar (RR=0,57; IC: 0,51-0,62), en países con elevada mortalidad infantil (RR=0,57; IC: 0,52-0,63). Conclusión: la cura seca es eficaz en países con baja tasa de mortalidad infantil y nacimientos en ámbito hospitalario. Sin embargo, la cura con clorhexidina al 4% protege de onfalitis en nacimientos en el hogar, en países con elevada mortalidad infantil.

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Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de competencias sobre Práctica Basada en Evidencia en estudiantes de un programa de Enfermería de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Mediante un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional, el estudio se desarrolló en 2 fases. La primera fase consistió en la adaptación cultural y validación de contenido del cuestionario de Competencias en Práctica Basada en la Evidencia (CACH-PBE) al contexto Colombiano; este instrumento valora tres factores: Actitudes, Habilidades y Conocimientos. En la segunda fase se aplicó el cuestionario a una muestra de 291 estudiantes del Programa de Enfermería de una Universidad de Cúcuta, Colombia, durante el primer semestre del 2016. Resultados. Se encontró un promedio de edad de 20 años, de género femenino en su mayoría, el 57,4 % de ellos no tenía ninguna formación previa sobre PBE y el 57.1 % la había recibido en metodología de investigación. La puntuación global de competencia en PBE fue de 3,58 sobre un máximo de 5, destacando la dimensión Actitudes hacia la PBE con mayor puntuación y la dimensión Conocimientos con menor; encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas a mayor medida en que los estudiantes se encontraban en un semestre superior. Conclusiones. Los estudiantes obtuvieron un nivel medio en competencias para la PBE, asociándose un impacto positivo de la formación académica recibida, ya que en los últimos semestres se evidenció mayor puntuación con respecto a los primeros.

Objective: To determine the level of competence regarding Practice Based on Evidence in students of a nursing program in Colombia. Materials and methods: Through a quantitative, descriptive, and correlational design, the study was developed in two phases. The first phase, consisted on the cultural adaptation and validation of the content of the questionnaire of Competitions in Practice Based on Evidence (CACH-PBE) to the Colombian context; this instrument evaluates 3 factors: attitudes, skills, and understanding. In the second phase, the questionnaire was applied to a sample of 291 students of the nursing program of a university in Cucuta­ Colombia during the first semester of 2016. Results: An average age of 20 years was found, mostly females, 57.4% did not have previous training about PBE and 57.1% had received training of PBE in methodology of research. The global score in PBE competence was of 3.58 out of a maximum of 5; highlighting the Attitude dimension toward the PBE with the highest score and the Knowledge dimension with the lowest score; encountering statistically significant differences to a greater extent as the students moved ahead to a higher semester. Conclusions: The students received an average level in competences for the PBE, associating a positive impact with the academic training received, considering that in the last semesters a higher score was evidenced compared to the first ones.

Objetivo. Determinar o nível de competências sobre Prática Baseada na Evidencia (PBE) de estudantes de um curso de Enfermagem na Colômbia. Materiais e métodos. O estudo se desenvolveu em duas fases, através um delineamento quantitativo, descritivo e correlacional, A primeira fase, consistiu na adaptação cultural e validação de conteúdo do questionário de Competências em Prática Baseada na Evidencia (CACH-PBE) no contexto Colombiano; este instrumento valora três fatores: Atitudes, Habilidades e Conhecimentos. Na segunda fase, aplicou-se o questionário a uma amostra de 291 estudantes do Programa de Enfermagem de uma Universidade localizada na cidade de Cúcuta ­ Colômbia, durante o primeiro semestre de 2016. Resultados. Encontrou-se uma média de idade de 20 anos, de género feminino em sua maioria, o 57,4% deles não tinham nenhuma formação previa sobre PBE e o 57,1% a receberam em metodologia da pesquisa. A pontuação global de competência em PBE foi de 3,58 sobre um máximo de 5; destacando a dimensão Atitudes para a PBE com maior pontuação e a dimensão Conhecimentos com menor; encontrando-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas a maior medida em que os estudantes se encontravam num semestre superior. Conclusões. Os estudantes obtiveram um nível médio em competências para a PBE, associando-se um impacto positivo da formação académica recebida, já que nos últimos semestres se evidenciou maior pontuação respeito dos primeiros.

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The Guatemalan NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) TulaSalud has implemented an m-health project in the Department of Alta Verapaz. This Department has 1.2 million inhabitants (78% living in rural areas and 89% from indigenous communities) and in 2012, had a maternal mortality rate of 273 for every 100,000 live births. This m-health initiative is based on the provision of a cell phone to community facilitators (CFs). The CFs are volunteers in rural communities who perform health prevention, promotion and care. Thanks to the cell phone, the CFs have become tele-CFs who able to carry out consultations when they have questions; send full epidemiological and clinical information related to the cases they attend to; receive continuous training; and perform activities for the prevention and promotion of community health through distance learning sessions in the Q'eqchí and/or Poqomchi' languages. In this study, rural populations served by tele-CFs were selected as the intervention group while the control group was composed of the rural population served by CFs without Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools. As well as the achievement of important process results (116,275 medical consultations, monitoring of 6,783 pregnant women, and coordination of 2,014 emergency transfers), the project has demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in maternal mortality (p < 0.05) and in child mortality (p = 0.054) in the intervention group compared with rates in the control group. As a result of the telemedicine initiative, the intervention areas, which were selected for their high maternal and infant mortality rates, currently show maternal and child mortality indicators that are not only lower than the indicators in the control area, but also lower than the provincial average (which includes urban areas).

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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of occlusal splints to reduce the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), dental wear and anxiety in a group of bruxist children. METHODS: All of the subjects were 3 to 6 years old, had complete primary dentition, class I occlusion and were classified as bruxist according to the minimal criteria of the ICSD for bruxism. For each child, anxiety was evaluated with the Conners' Parent Rating Scales (CPRS). The TMD were evaluated using the RDC/TMD. The dental wear was processed in digital format with Mat Lab® and Lab view® software to determine its size and form. The children were randomized into an experimental (n=19) and a control (n=17) group. The children in the experimental group used rigid bite plates for a two-year period, until mixed dentition. Afterwards, the CPRS and the RDC/TMD were applied again and dental casts were taken. Comparisons of the variables regarding dental wear, signs and symptoms of TMD and anxiety before and after treatment among the groups were analyzed using the t-test, the Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The subjects in the experimental group showed no statistically significant difference regarding anxiety levels and dental wear when compared with the control group. The signs and symptoms of TMD were not reduced except for the deviation in mouth opening. CONCLUSIONS: The use of rigid occlusal bite plates was not efficient in reducing the signs of bruxism as a whole but did reduce the deviation in mouth opening.

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Con el propósito de evaluar los efectos de la placa oclusal rígida para el tratamiento del bruxismo sobre el crecimiento de la base alveolar del hueso maxilar durante en periodo de 6 meses, se evaluaron 36 niños bruxómanos de Medellín, entre 3 y 6 años de edad. El diagnostico de bruxómanos se hizo de acuerdo al nivel de ansiedad, 2 ó mas signos de desórdenes temporomandibulares y facetas de desgaste patológicas. Los sujetos se distribuyeron en forma aleatoria en dos grupos: el grupo experimental utilizó la placa oclusal (n=19) y en el grupo control no la utilizó (n=17). Se tomaron modelos de estudios en yeso con técnica estandarizada. Las facetas fueron trazadas en los modelos, analizadas en forma digital y procesadas automáticamente. Se tomaron las dimensiones de los arcos (distancia intercanina, distancia intermolar, longitud y perímetro del arco) con una técnica estandarizada antes y después de los 6 meses de haber o no utilizado la placa. Se compararon las cuatro medidas entre ambos grupos y entre el mismo grupo antes y después de la terapia. No se encontraron cambios estadísticamente significativos en el marco maxilar antes y después del tratamiento tanto en el grupo experimental como en el grupo control, como tampoco se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar los dos grupos en las mismas etapas. Parece que la placa oclussal rígida no afectó el crecimiento de la base alveolar maxilar en los niños estudiados durante un periodo de 6 meses. Se requieren estudios longitudinales para afirmar que la placa oclussal rígida, como tratamiento para el bruxismo no afecta el crecimiento maxilar...

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Entre octubre y noviembre de 1983, siete pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de enfermedades infecciosas del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, con diagnósticos diferentes de malaria, presentaron la tríada clásica de esta enfermedad: fiebre, sudación y escalofríos. El diagnóstico parasitológico resultó positivo para Plasmodium falciparum. Inicialmente los enfermos fueron tratados con cloroquina por vía intravenosa, pero a las 48 horas la parasitemia permanecía igual o había aumentado y los pacientes habían empeorado; todos ellos curaron cuando se les administró quinina junto con doxiciclina. Los casos se clasificaron como infección nosocomial porque los pacientes no padecían malaria en el momento del ingreso sino que contrajeron la enfermedad durante la hospitalización. Como fuente de infección se identificó a un paciente que había adquirido malaria en la ciudad de Caracas, mediante el uso de jeringas plásticas que compartía con otros toxicómanos para la administración intravenosa de drogas

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