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1.
Front Psychol ; 14: 1066474, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37663323

RESUMO

Background: The growth of the prison population and the high recidivism rates of inmates represent a major public safety problem. Objective: This systematic review explored executive functions in inmates convicted of violent behavior compared with inmates convicted of non-violent behavior and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: Systematic searches were carried out using five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Embase) until March 6th, 2023. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, two reviewers independently performed the screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment of the 8 studies included. The protocol of this study was registered in Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), under registration number CRD42021252043. Results: Consistently, inmates convicted of violent behavior exhibited a greater alteration in inhibition than inmates convicted of non-violent behavior (four out of four studies) and HCs (two out of two studies). In addition, inmates convicted of violent behavior showed greater impairments in cognitive flexibility (two out of three studies) and working memory (two out of three studies) than HCs. Although with limited evidence (only one study), they also showed worse performance in set shifting and planning than HCs. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of alterations in inhibition in inmates convicted of violent behavior compared to inmates convicted of non-violent behavior and HCs. Even though inmates convicted of violent behavior showed greater impairments in planning and set shifting than HCs, these findings were supported in only one study. In general, more robust evidence is needed to confirm alterations in inmates convicted due to violent behavior. These findings highlight the importance of designing and promoting specific cognitive interventions that contribute to the reintegration of inmates into society. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021252043, identifier CRD42021252043.

2.
J Clin Med ; 10(22)2021 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34830579

RESUMO

The identification of general population groups particularly vulnerable to the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on mental health and the development of healthcare policies are priority challenges in the current and future pandemics. This study aimed to identify the personal and social determinants of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on mental health in a large sample of the Colombian population. In this cross-sectional study, an anonymous online survey was answered by 18,061 participants from the general population residing in Colombia during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak (from 20 May to 20 June 2020). The risk of depression, anxiety, and somatization disorders were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), and Somatic Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ-5), respectively. Overall, 35% of participants showed risk of depression, 29% of anxiety, and 31% of somatization. According to the analysis of social determinants of health, the most affected groups were people with low incomes, students, and young adults (18-29 years). Specifically, low-income young females were the most at-risk population group. These findings show how the lockdown measures affected the general population's mental health in Colombia and highlight some social risk factors in health.

3.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 23(1): 158-168, Jan.-June 2020. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098008

RESUMO

Abstract The objectives of this research were: (a) to relate sexual risk, knowledge, and attitudes towards HIV testing in Colombian university students; and (b) to describe the perceived barriers in those who had not been tested, analyzing the differences according to sex. A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 1057 Colombian university students participated. The instruments applied were the Cuestionario Confidencial Vida Sexual Activa (CCVSA, for its Spanish acronym), the tests Barreras Hacia la Prueba del VIH, Escala de Actitudes hacia el VIH-Sida and an ad hoc questionnaire on knowledge about the test. The students who were tested (n = 214) reported a lower age of sexual initiation (p < .01), a higher number of sexual partners (p = .01), and a lower use of condoms in the first (p = .02) and last (p = .04) sexual intercourse. They also reported more knowledge about HIV testing (p < .001). The main barriers were associated with low risk perception of the disease (29.8 %), trust in sexual partners (29.2 %), and lack of offer of the test (25.2 %). In conclusion, being tested for HIV is related to exposure to risky sexual behaviors and to knowledge about the test, but not to attitudes towards it. The identification of the associated psychosocial factors could contribute to the design of interventions aimed at the prevention and timely treatment of the disease.


Resumen Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: (a) relacionar el riesgo sexual, los conocimientos y las actitudes hacia la prueba del VIH con su realización en estudiantes universitarios colombianos; y (b) describir las barreras percibidas en aquellos que no se la habían realizado, identificando las diferencias según el sexo. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en el que participaron 1057 estudiantes colombianos, y en el que se utilizó el Cuestionario Confidencial sobre Vida Sexual Activa (CCVSA), el test Barreras Hacia la Prueba del VIH, la Escala de Actitudes hacia el VIH-Sida y un cuestionario ad hoc de conocimientos sobre la prueba. Los estudiantes que se realizaron la prueba (n = 214) reportaron una edad inferior de iniciación sexual (p < .01), un número superior de parejas sexuales (p = .01) y un menor uso de condón en la primera (p = .02) y la última (p = .04) relación sexual, así como mayores conocimientos sobre la prueba del VIH (p < .001). Las principales barreras estuvieron relacionadas con la baja percepción del riesgo de la enfermedad (29.8 %), la confianza en las parejas sexuales (29.2 %) y la falta de ofrecimiento de la prueba (25.2 %). En conclusión, la realización de la prueba está relacionada con la exposición a conductas sexuales de riesgo y con los conocimientos, mas no con las actitudes hacia la prueba. La identificación de los factores psicosociales vinculados podría contribuir al diseño de intervenciones orientadas a la prevención y al tratamiento oportuno de la enfermedad.

4.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 14(5): e0008324, 2020 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32463829

RESUMO

Local anomalies in rainfall and temperature induced by El Niño and La Niña episodes could change the structure of the vector community. We aimed to estimate the effect of the El Niño-La Niña cycle in the potential distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) vector species in Colombia and to compare the richness of the vectors with the occurrence of CL in the state of Norte de Santander. The potential distributions of four species were modeled using a MaxEnt algorithm for the following episodes: La Niña 2010-2011, Neutral 2012-2015 and El Niño 2015-2016. The relationship between the potential richness of the vectors and the occurrence of CL in Norte de Santander was evaluated with a log-binomial regression model. During the El Niño 2015-2016 episode, Lutzomyia ovallesi and Lutzomyia panamensis increased their distribution into environmentally suitable areas, and three vector species (Lutzomyia gomezi, Lutzomyia ovallesi and Lutzomyia panamensis) showed increases in the range of their altitudinal distribution. During the La Niña 2010-2011 episode, a reduction was observed in the area suitable for occupation by Lutzomyia gomezi and Lutzomyia spinicrassa. During the El Niño 2015-2016 episode, the occurrence of at least one CL case was related to a higher percentage of rural localities showing a richness of vectors = 4. The anomalies in rainfall and temperature induced by the episodes produced changes in the potential distribution of CL vectors in Colombia. In Norte de Santander, during Neutral 2012-2015 and El Niño 2015-2016 episodes, a higher probability of at least one CL case was related to a higher percentage of areas with a greater richness of vectors. The results help clarify the effect of the El Niño-La Niña cycle in the dynamics of CL in Colombia and emphasize the need to monitor climate variability to improve the prediction of new cases.


Assuntos
El Niño Oscilação Sul , Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Psychodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Humanos
5.
Rev. colomb. psicol ; 28(2): 47-61, Jul-Dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042840

RESUMO

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender las repercusiones del dolor crónico en las dinámicas de pareja, desde la perspectiva de mujeres con fibromialgia. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de diseño fenomenológico interpretativo en el cual se entrevistó a 15 mujeres. Las participantes reportaron inconformidad con el cambio de su rol en la relación. Además, ocultar el dolor fue una estrategia para evitar la sobreprotección y los conflictos. Las repercusiones en la percepción de la relación, los espacios compartidos, el apoyo de la pareja, la comunicación y la sexualidad se asociaron con la interferencia de los síntomas. Finalmente, la aparición de la enfermedad fue una oportunidad para fortalecer o fragmentar la relación.


Abstract The objective of this research was to understand the repercussions of chronic pain on the dynamics of couples, from the perspective of women with fibromyalgia. A qualitative study with a phenomenological-interpretive design was carried out, in which 15 women were interviewed. Participants reported dissatisfaction with their change of role in the relation. Additionally, hiding their pain was a strategy used to avoid overprotection and conflicts. Repercussions on the perception of the relation, shared spaces, support of the partner, communication, and sexuality were associated with the interference of symptoms. Finally, the onset of the illness was an opportunity to either strengthen or break up the relationship.


Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender as repercussões da dor crônica nas dinâmicas de casal, sob a perspectiva de mulheres com fibromialgia. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo de desenho fenomenológico interpretativo no qual foram entrevistadas 15 mulheres. As participantes relataram inconformidade com a mudança de seu papel na relação. Além disso, ocultar a dor foi uma estratégia para evitar a superproteção e os conflitos. As repercussões na percepção da relação, os espaços partilhados, o apoio do companheiro, a comunicação e a sexualidade foram associadas com a interferência dos sintomas. Finalmente, o surgimento da doença foi uma oportunidade para fortalecer ou fragmentar a relação.

6.
Saúde Soc ; 28(2): 227-238, abr.-jun. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014575

RESUMO

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender las representaciones sociales asociadas al VIH y al Sida en un grupo de adolescentes y jóvenes universitarios colombianos. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cualitativo de diseño fenomenológico interpretativo en el que participaron 18 estudiantes universitarios. Las técnicas de recolección empleadas fueron las redes semánticas naturales (RSN) y los grupos de discusión. Las narrativas evidenciaron que existe desconocimiento sobre aspectos generales del VIH y del Sida. También dieron cuenta de la creencia de que el riesgo de contraer VIH recae únicamente en grupos etiquetados en riesgo. Se identificaron, además, actitudes que denotan estigma hacia personas con la enfermedad. Los pares, los padres, la familia y el internet se reportaron como los principales agentes de socialización sobre la enfermedad. En conclusión, se destaca la necesidad de empoderar a los diferentes agentes de socialización y de fortalecer los procesos educativos desde el reconocimiento de los derechos humanos de todas las personas. Se requiere, por tanto, un trabajo articulado, integral y transversal de los diferentes agentes, no solo para la deconstrucción de las creencias y actitudes negativas hacia la enfermedad, sino para la construcción de una sexualidad responsable y saludable que esté centrada en el autocuidado.


Abstract This research aimed to understand the social representations associated with HIV and AIDS in a group of adolescents and university students from Colombia. For this, a qualitative study of phenomenological interpretative design was carried out with 18 university students. The collection techniques used were natural semantic networks (NSN) and discussion groups. The narratives showed that there is lack of knowledge about general aspects of HIV and AIDS. They also reported a belief that the risk of contracting HIV relapses only into at-risk groups. In addition, attitudes that denote stigma towards people with the disease were identified. Partners, parents, family and internet were reported as the main agents of socialization about the disease. In conclusion, the need to empower the different socialization agents and to strengthen educational processes from the recognition of the human rights of all people is highlighted. Therefore, it is required an articulated, integral and transversal work of the different agents, not only for the deconstruction of the negative beliefs and attitudes towards the disease, but for the construction of a responsible and healthy sexuality that is centered in the self-care.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudantes , Universidades , Educação em Saúde , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , HIV , Pesquisa Qualitativa
7.
Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto, Online) ; 29: e2923, 2019. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: biblio-1040665

RESUMO

Abstract The scientific literature indicates that chronic pain influences the sex life of women. The objective of this research was to describe the changes in the erotic expression of a group of women with fibromyalgia. For this, a qualitative study of interpretive phenomenological design was conducted in which 15 women were interviewed in depth. Some participants said that the appearance of the disease was an opportunity to strengthen their relationship. Others said that their partners' indifference and skepticism about the disease, as well as the lack of understanding in the sexual sphere, acted as barriers in the relationship. Sexual intercourse was perceived as an obligation associated with gender or as an irrelevant dimension. Sensory stimulation and preliminary sexual play were strategies that allowed them to adjust and promote mutual enjoyment. The position taken by women in the face of disease influences the erotic expression.


Resumo A literatura científica indica que a dor crônica influencia a vida sexual das mulheres. O objetivo desta investigação foi descrever as mudanças na expressão erótica de um grupo de mulheres com fibromialgia. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo com delineamento fenomenológico interpretativo no qual foram realizadas entrevistadas aprofundadas com 15 mulheres. Algumas participantes disseram que a aparição da doença foi uma oportunidade para fortalecer seu relacionamento. Outras afirmaram que a indiferença e o ceticismo de seus parceiros diante da doença, bem como a falta de compreensão na esfera sexual, atuaram como barreiras no relacionamento. As relações sexuais foram percebidas como uma obrigação associada ao gênero ou como uma dimensão irrelevante. A estimulação sensorial e o jogo sexual preliminar foram estratégias que lhes permitiram ajustar e promover o prazer mútuo. A postura assumida pelas mulheres diante da doença influencia a expressão erótica.


Resumen La literatura científica indica que el dolor crónico influye en la vida sexual de las mujeres. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir los cambios en la expresión erótica de un grupo de mujeres con fibromialgia. Para esto, se realizó un estudio cualitativo de diseño fenomenológico interpretativo en el que se entrevistaron en profundidad a 15 mujeres. Algunas participantes aseguraron que la aparición de la enfermedad fue una oportunidad para fortalecer su relación. Otras que la indiferencia y el escepticismo de sus parejas ante la enfermedad, así como la incomprensión en el ámbito sexual, actuaron como barreras en la relación. Los encuentros sexuales se percibieron como una obligación asociada al género o como una dimensión irrelevante. La estimulación sensorial y el juego sexual preliminar fueron estrategias que les permitieron ajustarse y promover el disfrute mutuo. La postura que asumen las mujeres frente a la enfermedad influyen en la expresión erótica.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Dor , Fibromialgia , Sexualidade , Pesquisa Qualitativa
8.
Psicol. Estud. (Online) ; 23: e2308, 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: biblio-1098497

RESUMO

RESUMEN. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender las implicaciones del dolor crónico en la calidad de vida de un grupo de mujeres diagnosticadas con fibromialgia. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cualitativo de diseño fenomenológico interpretativo en el que participaron 15 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 23 y los 60 años. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el apoyo del programa Atlas.Ti. Los resultados indican que la intensidad de los síntomas, la interferencia del dolor crónico en actividades cotidianas, las alteraciones emocionales y las cogniciones negativas influyeron en su vida personal, familiar, social y laboral. Las estrategias de afrontamiento que asumieron las participantes facilitaron u obstaculizaron la aceptación de la enfermedad. Se concluye que el impacto de la fibromialgia en la calidad de vida depende más de las estrategias de afrontamiento que de los síntomas de la enfermedad. Las redes de apoyo facilitan el desarrollo de estrategias activas para afrontar la enfermedad.


RESUMO. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender as implicações da dor crônica na qualidade de vida de um grupo de mulheres diagnosticadas com fibromialgia. Para isso, se realizou um estudo qualitativo de cunho fenomenológico interpretativo e envolvendo 15 mulheres, com idades compreendidas entre os 23 e os 60 anos. A análise dos dados se realizou com o apoio do programa Atlas.Ti. Os resultados indicam que a intensidade dos sintomas, a interferência da dor crónica em atividades cotidianas, as alterações emocionais e as cognições negativas influentes em sua vida pessoal, familiar, social e laboral. As estratégias de enfrentamento que assinalaram os participantes em matéria de impedir a aceitação da doença. Se conclui que o impacto da fibromialgia na qualidade de vida depende das estratégias de enfrentamento dos sintomas da doença. As facilidades de acesso ao sistema de saúde, a qualidade de atendimento dos especialistas e o acompanhamento de redes de apoio facilitam o desenvolvimento de estratégias ativas para enfrentar a enfermidade.


ABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to understand the impact of chronic pain on the quality of life of a group of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. For this, a qualitative study of phenomenological interpretative design was carried out in which 15 women, aged between 23 and 60 years participated. Data analysis was performed with the support of the Atlas.Ti program. The results indicate that the intensity of symptoms, the interference of chronic pain in daily activities, the emotional alterations and the negative cognitions influenced his personal, family, social and work life. The coping strategies assumed by the participants facilitated or hampered the acceptance of the disease. It is concluded that the impact of fibromyalgia on quality of life depends more on coping strategies than on the symptoms of the disease. The support networks facilitate the development of active strategies to confront the disease.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Fibromialgia/diagnóstico , Dor Crônica/psicologia , Apoio Social , Atividades Cotidianas , Adaptação Psicológica , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Cognição , Manejo da Dor/psicologia , Acompanhantes Formais em Exames Físicos/psicologia
9.
Diversitas perspectiv. psicol ; 12(2): 231-242, jul.-dic. 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-797389

RESUMO

Esta investigación cualitativa de diseño fenomenológico tuvo como objetivo comprender la influencia de la religión en la toma de decisiones sobre sexualidad en estudiantes católicos practicantes. La muestra, seleccionada intencionalmente, estuvo conformada por cuatro hombres y cuatro mujeres, de los cuales dos de cada sexo habían iniciado su vida sexual y dos no. Las entrevistas en profundidad se analizaron con el apoyo del programa Atlas.ti. Las motivaciones para no iniciar su vida sexual se relacionaron con el amor hacia Dios y no convertir sus relaciones en un acto sexual, mientras que para iniciarla se asociaron con la exploración y la madurez espiritual. Los participantes que no habían iniciado su vida sexual estuvieron en contra de los métodos anticonceptivos artificiales al percibirlos como un elemento que solo promueve la satisfacción sexual. Se identificó que la religión influyó en las motivaciones que tuvieron los estudiantes para iniciar o no su vida sexual.


This qualitative phenomenological research aimed to understand the influence of religion in decision making about sexuality in practicing Catholic students. The selected sample consisted of eight men and women, four men who had already started their sexual life and four that had not. In-depth interviews were analyzed using Atlas.ti. Motivations for not starting having sex were associated with love for God and not converting their relations into a sexual act, while those who had started their sexual life had motivations associated with exploration and spiritual maturity. Participants who had not started their sex lives were against artificial contraception and perceived them as elements that promoted only sexual satisfaction. Religion seemed to influence the motivations of students to start having sex.

10.
Vitae (Medellín) ; 10(2): 37-45, mar. 2003-sept. 2003. mapas, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-383628

RESUMO

El licopeno es un carotenoide de elevado poder antioxidante que se obtiene a partir de fuentes naturales especialmente frutas y vegetales; también puede ser producido mediante el cultivo de microoganismos. En el presente artículo se estudia la síntesis de licopeno a partir del cultivo sumergido de Clavibacter michiganeses sub. michiganenses. Se considera el diseño de medios de cultivo y la separación, cuantificación y caracterización del carotenoide. Con el fin de establecer los niveles más apropiados para los factores de estudio (fuente de carbono, fuente de nitrógeno y sales), se programa un diseño de factor único; para el estudio de optimización se emplea un diseño central compuesto (33), cuya variable respuesta es la concentración de producto. El ajuste estadístico de los resultados experimentales muestra valores de fuente de carbono (glucosa: 7.5 g/L), nitrógeno (peptona: 10g/L y extracto de levadura: 10 g/L) y sales (cloruro de sodio: 10 g/L y fosfato dipotásico: 1 g/L), como constituyentes del medio de cultivo para lograr la mayor concentración de pigmento (2.85 mg carotenos/mL).


Assuntos
Carotenoides , Meios de Cultura , Antioxidantes
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