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Introducción: La insatisfacción corporal se asocia a la morbilidad psicofísica. Uno de los factores estudiados como disparador de malestar sobre la imagen corporal es la exposición a mensajes culturales de ideales físicos o de belleza. El presente trabajo explora la relación entre el uso de las redes sociales y la preocupación por el propio cuerpo, el deseo de hacer dieta para bajar de peso, y la generación de pensamientos obsesivos por la forma y tamaño corporal durante el período de Aislamiento Social, Preventivo y Obligatorio (ASPO). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, realizado a través de un cuestionario online en participantes mayores de 18 años residentes en Argentina. Se evaluaron antecedentes demográficos, datos antropométricos, conformidad con la imagen corporal e influencia del uso de redes sociales sobre la imagen corporal y la conformidad con el propio cuerpo. Resultados: Un total de 2236 individuos (85,5% mujeres), con una media de edad de 38.88±15.20 años, y una media de IMC de 25.55±5.36 kg/m2, aceptó participar del presente estudio. El 34% de los encuestados manifestaron que nunca o rara vez se encontraban conformes con su cuerpo y el 66% refirió sentir culpa al excederse con la comida. El 68,1% manifestó haber sentido miedo a aumentar de peso en algún momento de su vida. El análisis multivariado arrojó una relación inversa entre la edad de los encuestados y la percepción de que las redes sociales influyeron negativamente sobre su imagen corporal, y que estas incrementaron su deseo de hacer una dieta destinada a bajar de peso. El efecto negativo de las redes sociales fue significativamente mayor en aquellos que presentaban disconformidad corporal previo al ASPO. Conclusión: El incremento del uso de las redes sociales en pandemia se vio reflejado en el grado de insatisfacción corporal en el grupo de mayor vulnerabilidad en la muestra estudiada
Introduction: Body image dissatisfaction is associated with psychophysical morbidity. Exposure to cultural messages about physical or beauty ideals is one of the studied factors which initiate body image dissatisfaction. This work explores the relationship between social media use and preoccupation with one's own body, the desire for a diet to lose weight, and the generation of obsessive thoughts about body shape and size during the period of Social Preventive and Mandatory Isolation (SPMI). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire of participants over 18 years residing in Argentina. Demographic information, anthropometric data, conformity with body image and the influence of the use of social media on body image and conformity with one's own body were evaluated. Results: 2236 individuals participated in this study (85,5% women) with a mean age of 38.88±15.20 years and a mean IMC of 25.55±5.36 kg/m2. Thirty-four percent of the sample expressed that they never or hardly ever were satisfied with their bodies and 66% referred to a feeling of fault when they overindulge in food. Sixty-eight percent stated that they had been afraid of gaining weight at some moment in their life. The multivariate analysis showed an inverse relationship between age and perception of social media's negative influence on their body image, and that they increased their desire to diet to lose weight.The negative social media effect was significantly higher in participants who presented body dissatisfaction previous to the SPMI.Conclusion: The increase in social media use during the pandemic was reflected in the level of body dissatisfaction in the most vulnerable group of this sample
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Imagem Corporal , Insatisfação Corporal , Pandemias , Rede SocialRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: Los tiempos de atención médica son un factor relevante para la mortalidad por infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST). Objetivos: Evaluar los tiempos de reperfusión en pacientes con IAMCEST participantes de un programa de atención médica cardiológica basada en telemedicina en la provincia de La Pampa durante el período transcurrido entre agosto de 2018 y diciembre de 2021. Material y Métodos: Este programa consiste en la protocolización de la atención de los pacientes que cursan un síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) en las diferentes localidades de la provincia, con asistencia cardiológica remota las 24 horas del día, que incluye tanto la asistencia diagnóstica como la coordinación de las medidas terapéuticas, incluyendo la posibilidad de administrar trombolíticos a nivel local, con asistencia remota. Resultados: De un total de 72 IAMCEST evaluados, 44 recibieron como terapia de reperfusión trombolisis, 25 angioplastia primaria, y 3 trombolisis seguida de angioplastia de rescate. De los 47 sujetos que recibieron trombolisis, sólo 5 requirieron de traslado al centro de referencia para realizar este procedimiento. La mediana de tiempo puerta-aguja fue de 24 minutos y el tiempo puerta-balón fue de 105 minutos. El 28% de los sujetos con angioplastia primaria tuvieron un tiempo puerta-balón inferior a los 90 minutos y el 53,2% de los tratados con trombolíticos cumplieron con un tiempo puerta-aguja menor a 30 minutos. Conclusiones: La implementación de un programa de atención descentralizada guiada por telemedicina se asoció a un elevado porcentaje de cumplimento de las metas de implementación de la terapia de reperfusión basada en fibrinolíticos.
ABSTRACT Background: Timing of medical care is a relevant factor for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mortality. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate reperfusion times in STEMI patients participating in a telemedicinebased cardiology care program in the province of La Pampa during the period between August 2018 and December 2021. Methods: This program consists of a protocol for the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the different locations of the province, with 24-hour remote assistance provided by cardiologists including both diagnostic support and coordination of on-site thrombolysis. Results: Of a total of 72 STEMI patients evaluated, 44 received thrombolysis as reperfusion therapy, 25 received primary percutaneous coronary intervention, and 3 received thrombolysis followed by rescue percutaneous coronary intervention. Of the 47 subjects who received thrombolysis, only 5 required to be transferred to the referral center for this procedure. Median door-to-needle time was 24 minutes and door-to balloon-time was 105 minutes. Twenty-five percent of the subjects had a door-to-balloon time <90 minutes and 53.2% fulfilled a door-to-needle time <30 minutes. Conclusions: The implementation of a telemedicine-guided program for decentralized management of STEMI patients was associated with a high percentage of compliance with the goals of implementing fibrinolytic-based reperfusion therapy.
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Background: In the absence of antiviral alternatives, interventions under research for COVID-19 might be offered following guidelines from WHO for monitored emergency use of unregistered and experimental interventions (MEURI). Ivermectin is among several drugs explored for its role against SARS-CoV-2, with a well-known safety profile but conflicting data regarding clinical utility for COVID-19. The aim of this report is to inform on the results of a MEURI Program of high-dose ivermectin in COVID-19 carried out by the Ministry of Health of the Province of La Pampa, Argentina. Methods: COVID-19 subjects, within 5 days of symptoms onset were invited to participate in the program, which consisted in the administration of ivermectin 0.6 mg/kg/day for 5 days plus standard of care. Active pharmacosurveillance was performed for 21 days, and hepatic laboratory assessments were performed in a subset of patients. Frequency of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and COVID-19-related mortality of subjects in the ivermectin intention to treat group were compared with that observed in inhabitants of the same province during the same period not participating in the program. Results: From 21,232 subjects with COVID-19, 3,266 were offered and agreed to participate in the ivermectin program and 17,966 did not and were considered as controls. A total of 567 participants reported 819 adverse events (AEs); 3.13% discontinued ivermectin due to adverse events. ICU admission was significantly lower in the ivermectin group compared to controls among participants ≥40 year-old (1.2 vs. 2.0%, odds ratio 0.608; p = 0.024). Similarly, mortality was lower in the ivermectin group in the full group analysis (1.5 vs. 2.1%, odds ratio 0.720; p = 0.029), as well as in subjects ≥ 40 year- old (2.7 vs. 4.1%, odds ratio 0.655; p = 0.005). Conclusions: This report highlights the safety and possible efficacy of high dose ivermectin as a potentially useful intervention deserving public health-based consideration for COVID-19 patients.
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Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Ivermectina , Adulto , Humanos , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
We quantified and analyzed the effect that the domestic and international demand for beef and soybean proteins had on carbon emissions in Argentina during the first two decades of the twenty-first century. We also analyzed the influence of both factors on the national deforestation rates. Principal component analysis and simple regression analyses were in turn used to detect components that maximize data variance, and to quantify relevant relationships. Our results show that not all activities considered carbon sources had the same impact on carbon emissions, and not all carbon emissions are equally affected by domestic and international demand of proteins throughout the period 2001-2018. We found a relevant association of both the domestic and international demand with carbon emissions during a first 2001-2009 period, and a less-significant one during a second 2010-2018 period. Deforestation (P <0.01), beef (P <0.05), and soybean production (P> 0.05) were the factors that decreasingly explained carbon emissions. Biased assumptions about the impact of protein demand on carbon emissions in Argentina should be cautiously taken unless they are supported by robust scientific evidence.
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Carbono , Proteínas de Soja , Animais , Argentina , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Pegada de Carbono , Bovinos , Carne VermelhaRESUMO
Introducción: El aumento de prevalencia de trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS) y su relación con obesidad e hipertensión arterial (HTA) ha sido poco explorado en adolescentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de TRS y ronquido en esta población y analizar su asociación con obesidad e HTA. Población y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra de adolescentes. Se realizaron mediciones de peso, talla, perímetro de cintura y cuello, tensión arterial, y el Cuestionario de Sueño Pediátrico (PSQ, por su sigla en inglés). Resultados: Participaron 826 adolescentes, 58 (7 %) presentaron TRS (varones: 5,8 %; mujeres: 8 %) y 80 (9,7 %) se consideraron roncadores (varones: 10,4 %; mujeres: 9,1 %). Se detectaron sobrepeso y obesidad en 216 (26,2 %) y 149 (18 %) sujetos, respectivamente. Una mayor proporción de sujetos con obesidad presentaron TRS con respecto a quienes no tenían obesidad (12,8 % versus 5,8 %; p = 0,004). La misma asociación fue encontrada para el ronquido (18,2 % versus 7,8 %; <0,001). El 24,6 % dormía menos de 8 horas por día. El 12,6 % presentó valores compatibles con HTA, con una asociación significativa con obesidad y horas de sueño. Conclusión: Se observó una prevalencia elevada de TRS y ronquido en adolescentes y una asociación entre obesidad e HTA, que pone de manifiesto la importancia de abordar esta problemática de manera temprana a fin de evitar complicaciones
ntroduction: The increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and its association with obesity and hypertension (HTN) have not been thoroughly explored in adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SDB and snoring in this population and analyze its association with obesity and HTN. Population and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in a sample of adolescents. Weight, height, waist and neck circumference, and blood pressure were measured, and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was administered. Results: A total of 826 adolescents participated, 58 (7 %) had SDB (males: 5.8 %; females: 8 %), and 80 (9.7 %) were considered snorers (males: 10.4 %; females: 9.1 %). Overweight and obesity were detected in 216 (26.2 %) and 149 (18 %) participants, respectively. A higher proportion of subjects with obesity had SDB compared to those who were not obese (12.8 % versus 5.8 %; p = 0.004). The same association was observed with snoring (18.2 % versus 7.8 %; p < 0.001). Also, 24.6 % slept less than 8 hours a day and 12.6 % had values compatible with HTN, with a significant association with obesity and sleep hours. Conclusion: A high prevalence of SDB and snoring was observed in adolescents, together with an association with obesity and HTN, which highlights the relevance of addressing this problem in an early manner in order to prevent complications
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Transtornos Respiratórios , Ronco , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Sobrepeso , HipertensãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The increased prevalence of sleepdisordered breathing (SDB) and its association with obesity and hypertension (HTN) have not been thoroughly explored in adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SDB and snoring in this population and analyze its association with obesity and HTN. POPULATION AND METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in a sample of adolescents. Weight, height, waist and neck circumference, and blood pressure were measured, and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was administered. RESULTS: A total of 826 adolescents participated, 58 (7%) had SDB (males: 5.8%; females: 8%), and 80 (9.7%) were considered snorers (males: 10.4%; females: 9.1%). Overweight and obesity were detected in 216 (26.2%) and 149 (18%) participants, respectively. A higher proportion of subjects with obesity had SDB compared to those who were not obese (12.8% versus 5.8%; p = 0.004). The same association was observed with snoring (18.2% versus 7.8%; p < 0.001). Also, 24.6% slept less than 8 hours a day and 12.6% had values compatible with HTN, with a significant association with obesity and sleep hours. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of SDB and snoring was observed in adolescents, together with an association with obesity and HTN, which highlights the relevance of addressing this problem in an early manner in order to prevent complications.
Introducción: El aumento de prevalencia de trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS) y su relación con obesidad e hipertensión arterial (HTA) ha sido poco explorado en adolescentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de TRS y ronquido en esta población y analizar su asociación con obesidad e HTA. Población y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra de adolescentes. Se realizaron mediciones de peso, talla, perímetro de cintura y cuello, tensión arterial, y el Cuestionario de Sueño Pediátrico (PSQ, por su sigla en inglés). Resultados: Participaron 826 adolescentes, 58 (7%) presentaron TRS (varones: 5,8%; mujeres: 8%) y 80 (9,7%) se consideraron roncadores (varones: 10,4%; mujeres: 9,1%). Se detectaron sobrepeso y obesidad en 216 (26,2%) y 149 (18%) sujetos, respectivamente. Una mayor proporción de sujetos con obesidad presentaron TRS con respecto a quienes no tenían obesidad (12,8% versus 5,8%; p = 0,004). La misma asociación fue encontrada para el ronquido (18,2% versus 7,8%;<0,001). El 24,6% dormía menos de 8 horas por día. El 12,6% presentó valores compatibles con HTA, con una asociación significativa con obesidad y horas de sueño. Conclusión: Se observó una prevalencia elevada de TRS y ronquido en adolescentes y una asociación entre obesidad e HTA, que pone de manifiesto la importancia de abordar esta problemática de manera temprana a fin de evitar complicaciones.
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Hipertensão , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: las situaciones con alta carga emotiva pueden favorecer la ganancia de peso. Objetivos: evaluar la asociación entre el fenotipo de comportamiento alimentario y la percepción de emociones y sentimientos con la ganancia de peso en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal, descriptivo, realizado a través de un cuestionario online en adultos residentes en Argentina. Se evaluaron antecedentes demográficos, datos antropométricos, nivel de actividad física, hábitos de sueño y fenotipo de comportamiento alimentario. Se indagó respecto del incremento en la percepción de diferentes emociones y sentimientos durante el período de confinamiento obligatorio. Resultados: se seleccionaron 2.619 participantes (84,9% mujeres, media de edad de 39,27±15,21 años). El 40,3% de los encuestados manifestó haber aumentado de peso durante el confinamiento. El 77,3% de los sujetos presentó algún tipo de alteración en el sueño. Los principales sentimientos y emociones que se expresaron e incrementaron fueron ansiedad (50,7% de los participantes), desmotivación (45,1%) y tristeza (38,9%). La disminución de la actividad física durante el confinamiento obligatorio y el índice de masa corporal al inicio del mismo se asociaron a ganancia de peso (p=0,066). El fenotipo de comportamiento alimentario comedor hedónico predijo la ganancia de peso (B=0,408). El incremento en la percepción de aburrimiento (B=0,255), desmotivación (B=0,244) y ansiedad (B=0,409) durante el confinamiento también se asoció a ganancia de peso durante este período, mientras que quienes manifestaron incremento en la percepción de fortaleza presentaron un menor riesgo (B=-0,536).Conclusiones: el fenotipo de comportamiento alimentario comedor hedónico y la percepción de emociones negativas se asociaron a ganancia de peso en el contexto de confinamiento obligatorio. Esto resalta la importancia del abordaje de los aspectos emocionales y la identificación de los fenotipos comportamentales de ingesta individual a fin de promover estrategias de prevención adecuadas
Introduction: situations characterized by a high emotional load might favor weight gain. Objectives: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between eating behavior phenotype, emotions and feelings perception and weight gaining in the context of COVID-19 pandemia. Materials and methods: a transversal, descriptive study was carried out by means of an online survey on adults participants, residents in Argentina. The evaluation consisted of demographic and anthropometric data, physical activity level, sleep habits and eating behavior phenotype. The increase in the perception of different emotions and feeling during the confinement was evaluated. Results: 2,619 participants (84.9 females, mean age 39.27±15.21 year old). 40.3% of the subjects reported having gained weight during the confinement. 77.3% of the subjects showed some sort of sleep disturbance. The main feelings and emotions that were reported to have increased were anxiety (50.7%), demotivation (45.1%) and sadness (38.9%). Logistic regression model evidenced that the diminishment in physical activity during the confinement, as well as basal body mass index were associated to weight gain. The hedonic eater eating behavior phenotype predicted weight gain (B=0,408).The increase in the perception of boring (B=0,255), demotivation (B=0,244) and anxiety (B=0,409) during the confinement was also associated to weigh gain during this period, meanwhile those who experienced an increase in the feeling of strength presented a lower risk (B=-0,536). Conclusions: the hedonic eater eating behavior phenotype and the perception of negative emotions were associated to weight gaining in the context of the confinement. This remarks the importance of the addressing emotional aspects and identifying individual eating behavior phenotypes in order to promote adequate preventive strategies
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Humanos , Adulto , Comportamento Alimentar , ObesidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Understanding the factors related to obesity during childhood allows for improved preventive actions specifically adapted to particular communities. The purpose of this study was to identify individual and familiar factors related to obesity in children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban community in Argentina during the years 2015-2016. Weight and height were measured on a probabilistic sample of 1366 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. BMI categories were established according to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs. Data were analyzed using multivariate and logistic regression models. Independent variables corresponded to four domains: anthropometric, socioeconomic and demographic, nutritional, and energy balance. RESULTS: Twenty percent of children were categorized as overweight (OW) and 12.2% were obese (OB). Parental IOTF grade was positively associated with childhood OW/OB (father B = 0.421 P = 0.000, OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.24-1.88; mother B = 0.498 P = 0.000, OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.37-1.97). The remaining variables were negatively associated with OW/OB: hours of sleep (B = -0.566 P = 0.001, OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.41-0.79), physical activity (B = -0.362 P = 0.017, OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0-52-0.94), and daily milk intake (B = -0.178 P = 0.045, OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.70-0.99). Parental IOTF predicted both OW and OB, while sleep hours predicted OW and physical activity predicted OB. CONCLUSIONS: Family should be considered the initial target for effective strategies to reduce obesity. Like physical activity, the promotion of milk and dairy intake, as well as sleep, may have a major role in obesity reduction because of their protective effects in this community.
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Ingestão de Líquidos , Leite/estatística & dados numéricos , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Sono , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/etiologia , Prevalência , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Different studies have assessed the influence of chewing gum to aid control of appetite and reduce food intake. PURPOSE: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of chewing gum on satiety, food hedonics and snack intake and to explore the potential effects of the combination of Garcinia c ambogia, green coffee extract and L-carnitine on satiety, when administered in a gum format. METHODS: This was a prospective study in which 57 subjects randomly received three kinds of treatments, in a crossover design: (1) active gum; (2) placebo gum; and (3) no gum. Food preferences and appetite sensations were evaluated by means of the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire and visual analog scales. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in low-fat sweet snack intake with placebo gum and the active gum compared to no gum and a reduction in high-fat sweet snack intake with the active gum compared to placebo gum and no gum. Total caloric intake was only reduced in the active gum condition. Both the active and placebo gum conditions significantly reduced hunger and prospective food consumption and increased fullness compared to no gum and were associated with a reduced wanting for sweet food in the LFPQ, consistent in a reduction in the relative preference for sweet snacks versus savoury snacks. CONCLUSION: This study supports the notion that chewing gum containing nutraceutical products might aid in the control over snack intake and reduce hunger sensations.
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Regulação do Apetite , Carnitina/uso terapêutico , Goma de Mascar , Coffea/química , Garcinia/química , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Depressores do Apetite/administração & dosagem , Depressores do Apetite/uso terapêutico , Argentina , Índice de Massa Corporal , Carnitina/administração & dosagem , Estudos Cross-Over , Dieta Redutora , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Preferências Alimentares , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controle , Cooperação do Paciente , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Resposta de Saciedade , Sementes/química , LanchesRESUMO
Metabolic syndrome is an array of closely metabolic disorders that includes glucose intolerance/insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Fructose, a highly lipogenic sugar, has profound metabolic effects in adipose tissue, and has been associated with the etiopathology of many components of the metabolic syndrome. In adipocytes, the enzyme 11 ß-HSD1 amplifies local glucocorticoid production, being a key player in the pathogenesis of central obesity and metabolic syndrome. 11 ß-HSD1 reductase activity is dependent on NADPH, a cofactor generated by H6PD inside the endoplasmic reticulum. Our focus was to explore the effect of fructose overload on epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) machinery involved in glucocorticoid production and NADPH and oxidants metabolism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a fructose solution (10% (w/v) in tap water) during 9 weeks developed some characteristic features of metabolic syndrome, such as hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. In addition, high levels of plasma and EWAT corticosterone were detected. Activities and expressions of H6PD and 11 ß-HSD1, NAPDH content, superoxide anion production, expression of NADPH oxidase 2 subunits, and indicators of oxidative metabolism were measured. Fructose overloaded rats showed an increased potential in oxidant production respect to control rats. In parallel, in EWAT from fructose overloaded rats we found higher expression/activity of H6PD and 11 ß-HSD1, and NADPH/NADP+ ratio. Our in vivo results support that fructose overload installs in EWAT conditions favoring glucocorticoid production through higher H6PD expression/activity supplying NADPH for enhanced 11 ß-HSD1 expression/activity, becoming this tissue a potential extra-adrenal source of corticosterone under these experimental conditions.
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Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Corticosterona/metabolismo , Frutose/efeitos adversos , NADP/metabolismo , 11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenase Tipo 1/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea , Peso Corporal , Corticosterona/sangue , Ingestão de Alimentos , Epididimo/efeitos dos fármacos , Epididimo/metabolismo , Frutose/metabolismo , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: While different epidemiological studies as part of their survey include data of adolescents of the province of La Pampa regarding overweight and obesity prevalence, their experimental designs have certain limitations as far as the description of the regional reality. OBJECTIVE: To obtain a diagnosis of the situation regarding the body composition profile among 13 year old adolescents in the Province of La Pampa. POPULATION AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of male and female adolescents born in 2001. Weight, height, waist circumference, scapular and tricipital skinfolds were measured. RESULTS: Of the 711 adolescents assessed, 5 subjects (0.7%) had a weight below the third percentile for age and sex. In relation to overweight and obesity, the sample values were 26.4% and 14.1%, respectively (27.5% and 16.9% of male; 25.5% and 11.7% of female adolescents). Of the total sample, 15.8% (16.5% of male and 15.6% of female adolescents) had waist circumference values compatible with abdominal obesity. As far as body fat values, 36.8% (37.4% of male and 36% of female adolescents) had above normal values according to skinfold thickness measurements. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with the small prevalence of low weight in the region, overweight and obesity are a significant problem among the studied population in La Pampa.
INTRODUCTION: Introducción. Mientras que diversos estudios epidemiológicos incluyen como parte de su relevamiento datos de jóvenes de la provincia de La Pampa en relación con la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, sus diseños experimentales presentan ciertas limitaciones en cuanto a la descripción de la realidad regional. OBJECTIVE: Obtener un diagnóstico de situación acerca del perfil de composición corporal de adolescentes de 13 años de edad de la provincia de La Pampa. POBLACIÓN Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en una muestra de varones y niñas nacidos en el año 2001, a los que se les tomó peso, tall perímetro de cintur pliegue subescapular y tricipital. RESULTS: De los 711 varones y niñas evaluados, 5 sujetos (0,7%) presentaron un peso por debajo del percentilo 3 para sexo y edad. En lo que hace a sobrepeso y obesidad, los valores de la muestra fueron 26,4% y 14,1%, respectivamente (27,5% y 16,9% en varones; 25,5% y 11,7% en niñas). Un 15,8% del total de la muestra (16,5% de los varones y 15,6% de las niñas) presentó valores de perímetro de cintura compatibles con obesidad abdominal. Un 36,8% (37,4% de varones y 36% de mujeres) mostró valores de grasa por encima de lo normal de acuerdo con la evaluación realizada a partir de los pliegues cutáneos. CONCLUSIÓN: En contraposición a la pequeña prevalencia de bajo peso en la región, el sobrepeso y la obesidad constituyen una problemática de magnitudes elevadas en nuestra provincia en lapoblación estudiada.
Assuntos
Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Magreza/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Argentina , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , PrevalênciaRESUMO
A nutraceutical product composed of a combination of Garcinia cambogia, l-carnitine and a seaweed extract of Ascophyllum nodosum has been recently developed. The aim of the present study was to characterize its effects on subjective satiety sensations and food preferences in healthy volunteers. In a crossover design, 28 subjects (21 females and 7 males, aged 31 ± 5, BMI 22.6 ± 1.7) were randomly assigned to receive the active treatment (LIS) or placebo (PL) over one week. At the end of each treatment period, subjects were instructed to consume ad libitum a test meal. Food preferences and appetite sensations were evaluated by means of the Leeds Food Preferences Questionnaire and visual analog scales, before and after meal, over three hours. There were no differences in energy intake between study groups. LIS was associated with a reduction in subjective hunger sensations (p = 0.018) and to an increase in satiety (p = 0.02) and fullness (p = 0.01) ratings. The preference for high fat foods was reduced after consuming the test meal in both study groups. There was a significant effect of LIS treatment on food explicit liking and implicit wanting, as evidenced by an increase in preference for sweet foods (relative to savory foods; p = 0.03 and p = 0.004, respectively), but no differences were observed regarding the preference for low or high fat foods (NS). These results provide proof of principle for the satiating properties of a nutraceutical containing Garcinia cambogia, Ascophyllum nodosum extract and l-carnitine and suggest that it might be useful as an appetite modulator.
Assuntos
Ascophyllum/química , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Garcinia cambogia/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Saciação/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Apetite , Ingestão de Energia/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Preferências Alimentares/efeitos dos fármacos , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Con el objetivo de elaborar un documento destinado a los profesionales de la salud dedicados a la nutrición, en especial a los que tratan a pacientes obesos, la Sociedad Argentina de Nutrición, a través de su Grupo de Trabajo de Obesidad, convocó a expertos especialistas en el tema a fin de lograr un consenso acerca del abordaje nutricional de los pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Se llevaron a cabo tres reuniones, entre noviembre de 2010 y agosto de 2011, en las que numerosos profesionales del ámbito involucrado (médicos especialistas en nutrición, licenciados en nutrición y psicólogos) debatieron acerca de diferentes cuestiones relacionadas con el tratamiento nutricional que necesita el paciente que padece de sobrepeso u obesidad. Finalmente, se elaboró el presente documento con la finalidad de que llegue al mayor número posible de profesionales y resulten beneficiados la mayor cantidad posible de pacientes.
Com o objetivo de elaborar um documento destinado aosprofissionais da saúde dedicados à nutrição, especialmente àqueles que tratam de pacientes obesos, a Sociedade Argentina de Nutrição, através do seu Grupo de Trabalho de Obesidade, convocou especialistas no assunto a fim de obter um consenso sobre a abordagem nutricional dos pacientes com sobrepeso e obesidade.Foram realizadas três reuniões, entre novembro de 2010 e agosto de 2011, onde numerosos profissionais do meioenvolvido (médicos especialistas em nutrição, nutricionistas...
With the objective of creating a document for health care professionals specialized in nutrition, particularly forthose who treat obese patients, the Argentine Society of Nutrition, represented by the Obesity Working Group, reunited a group of subject specialists with the aim of reaching a consensus on the nutritional management of overweight and obese patients. Three meetings were held between November 2010 and August 2011, in which a large number of professionals (doctors who specialize in nutrition, nutritionists and ...
Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade , SobrepesoRESUMO
Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) stimulates proteins belonging to the insulin signaling pathway and ameliorates the Ang II negative effects at this level. However, up to date, receptors involved and mechanisms behind these observations remain unknown. Accordingly, in the present study, we explored the in vivo effects of antagonism of the Ang-(1-7) specific Mas receptor on insulin signal transduction in rat insulin-target tissues. We evaluated the acute modulation of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3ß (Glycogen synthase kinase-3ß) and AS160 (Akt substrate of 160kDa) by Ang-(1-7) and/or Ang II in the presence and absence of the selective Mas receptor antagonist A-779 in insulin-target tissues of normal rats. Also using A-779, we determined whether the Mas receptor mediates the improvement of insulin sensitivity exerted by chronic Ang-(1-7) treatment in fructose-fed rats (FFR), a model of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and mild hypertension. The two major findings of the present work are as follows; 1) Ang-(1-7) attenuates acute Ang II-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling components in normal rats via a Mas receptor-dependent mechanism; and 2). The Mas receptor appears to be involved in beneficial effects of Ang-(1-7) on the phosphorylation of crucial insulin signaling mediators (Akt, GSK-3ß and AS160), in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of FFR. These results shed light into the mechanism by which Ang-(1-7) exerts its positive physiological modulation of insulin actions in classical metabolic tissues and reinforces the central role of Akt in these effects.
Assuntos
Angiotensina I/farmacologia , Insulina/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Angiotensina I/administração & dosagem , Angiotensina II/análogos & derivados , Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea , Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Dislipidemias/patologia , Frutose/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Ativadoras de GTPase/metabolismo , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/metabolismo , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Hipertensão/patologia , Resistência à Insulina , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/administração & dosagem , Fosforilação , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Iodine is considered to be an essential micronutrient in pregnant women. Iodine placental transport to the embryo-fetus is essential for hormone synthesis and is crucial for nervous system development. However, the relationship between iodine intake and placental weight and its potential implications for the newborn have not been studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Iodine intake was analyzed in 77 pregnant women based on urinary iodine excretion (UIE) levels, measured using Pinós modified method (normal value, ≥ 150 µg/L). Placental weight was measured (PW: normal, ≥500 g). In the newborn, weight, height, and head perimeter (HP) were also measured. Placental index (PI: placental weight/newborn weight) was calculated, and was considered normal if ≥0.15. RESULTS: UIE was normal in 50 pregnant women (mean ± SD, 279 µg/L ± 70.22 µg/L) and decreased in 27 (94 µg/L ± 31.49 µg/L). Newborns of mothers with low UIE had a similar weight (3357 g ± 416.30 g; n: 27) to those of mothers with normal UIE (3489 g ± 560.59 g; n: 50). Forty-four percent of mothers with low UIE had PW <500 g, and statistically lower HPs were found in newborns of mothers with low PW (PW(3)500 g: 36.05 cm ± 0.55 cm, n: 54; PW <500 g: 33.93 cm ± 15 cm, n:23, p<0.019). Similar results were found with PI, but they did not reach statistical significance (0,17 ± 0,04; p=0.066). No differences were seen in all other parameters. CONCLUSION: The study suggests the existence of a relationship between PW and HP. This finding may be related to iodine intake during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Cabeça/embriologia , Recém-Nascido , Iodo/deficiência , Placenta/patologia , Placentação , Complicações na Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina , Peso ao Nascer , Estatura , Cefalometria , Dieta , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Feminino , Cabeça/anatomia & histologia , Humanos , Iodo/farmacocinética , Iodo/urina , Troca Materno-Fetal , Necessidades Nutricionais , Tamanho do Órgão , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/urina , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cardiovascular effects and pharmacokinetics of carvedilol were assessed in fructose-fed rats using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling. Male Sprague-Dowley rats were randomly assigned to receive tap water (C rats) or fructose solution (10% w/v) (F rats) during 6 weeks. Effects of carvedilol (1-3 mg/kg i.v.) on blood pressure, heart rate and blood pressure variability were recorded. Carvedilol plasma pharmacokinetics was studied by traditional blood sampling. Relationship between carvedilol concentrations and their hypotensive and bradycardic effects was established by PK-PD modeling. Vascular sympatholytic activity of carvedilol was assessed by estimation of drug effects on low frequency blood pressure variability using spectral analysis. A greater volume of distribution and clearance of S-carvedilol compared to R-enantiomer was found in both experimental groups. Although PK-PD properties of S-carvedilol chronotropic effect were not altered in F rats, hypertensive rats showed greater efficacy to the carvedilol hypotensive response after administration of the higher dose. A similar potency of carvedilol to inhibit sympathetic vascular activity was found in F rats. Carvedilol showed enantioselective pharmacokinetic properties with increased distribution in F rats compared with normotensive animals. An enhanced hypotensive activity of carvedilol was found in F rats compared with C rats, which is not related to enhance sympatholytic activity.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacocinética , Carbazóis/farmacocinética , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Propanolaminas/farmacocinética , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/química , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Carbazóis/química , Carbazóis/farmacologia , Carvedilol , Frutose , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Masculino , Propanolaminas/química , Propanolaminas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
This study analyzes the effects of sodium tungstate and vanadyl sulphate in the fructose-overloaded rat, a model of metabolic syndrome. Fructose (9 weeks) increased blood pressure, triglycerydemia, glycemia, and reduced release of vasodilator prostaglandins (prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 ) in the mesenteric vascular bed. Sodium tungstate prevented those alterations; meanwhile vanadyl sulfate only prevented the increase in glycemia. In conclusion, the present experiments showed that sodium tungstate is more effective than vanadyl sulfate for the treatment of experimental metabolic syndrome in rats.
Assuntos
6-Cetoprostaglandina F1 alfa/biossíntese , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Dinoprostona/biossíntese , Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos de Tungstênio/farmacologia , Compostos de Vanádio/farmacologia , Animais , Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , Aorta Torácica/metabolismo , Glicemia/análise , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Cromatografia de Fase Reversa , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Frutose/administração & dosagem , Frutose/metabolismo , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Artérias Mesentéricas/efeitos dos fármacos , Artérias Mesentéricas/metabolismo , Veias Mesentéricas/efeitos dos fármacos , Veias Mesentéricas/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The role of vascular sympatholytic activity of carvedilol in its antihypertensive effect in N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats was assessed by means of enantioselective pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modelling. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control rats received tap water to drink for 2 weeks while L-NAME rats received L-NAME solution to drink for 2 weeks. The effects of carvedilol (1 and 5 mg/kg i.v.) on blood pressure, heart rate and blood pressure variability were recorded. Enantioselective carvedilol plasma pharmacokinetics were studied by means of traditional blood sampling. The relationship between carvedilol concentrations and their hypotensive and bradycardic effects was established by means of PK-PD modelling. Vascular sympatholytic activity of carvedilol was assessed by the estimation of drug effects on low frequency blood pressure variability by means of spectral analysis. KEY FINDINGS: A dose-dependent increase in volume of distribution, as well as a greater volume of distribution and clearance of S-carvedilol as compared with the R-enantiomer was found in both experimental groups. Although the PK-PD properties of the S-carvedilol chronotropic effect were not altered in L-NAME rats, hypertensive rats showed greater potency and efficacy to the carvedilol hypotensive response. Greater potency of carvedilol for inhibition of sympathetic vascular activity was found in L-NAME rats. CONCLUSIONS: Carvedilol showed enantioselective non-linear pharmacokinetic properties in both groups. An enhanced hypotensive activity of carvedilol was found in L-NAME hypertensive rats compared with control rats, which may be explained by the greater potency of carvedilol for sympathetic vascular tone inhibition.