RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe weight, stature, and body mass index (BMI) changes occurring before the age of 7 years, which may influence the prevalence of overweight in adolescence and adulthood. METHODS: Regression models predicting height and weight at ages 2 months to 6. 75 years were based on the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Birth certificate data were used to adjust ethnic-specific models for birth weight for gestational age. RESULTS: Attained height is higher for non-Hispanic black children than for either non-Hispanic white or Mexican American children (P 85th percentile than either non-Hispanic white or black children (boys = 25.6%, SE = 2.7 compared with 14.1%, SE = 1.7 and 16.5%, SE = 1.7, respectively; girls = 21.9%, SE = 3.6 compared with 13.0%, SE = 1.7 and 13.7%, SE = 2.2, respectively). For non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans and for non-Hispanic black boys, BMI decreased slightly between ages 2 and 6.75 years; BMI for non-Hispanic black girls did not. CONCLUSION: Size differences before the age of 7 years may influence later ethnic-specific overweight prevalence, independent of prenatal influences.
Assuntos
Estatura/etnologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal/etnologia , Crescimento , Obesidade/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Antropometria , Peso ao Nascer , População Negra , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Lactente , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Modelos Lineares , Americanos Mexicanos , México/etnologia , Prevalência , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , População BrancaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Results of previous studies on diet and gallbladder disease (GBD), defined as having gallstones or having had surgery for gallstones, have been inconsistent. This research examined patterns of food intake in Mexican Americans and their associations with GBD. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SUBJECTS: The study population included 4641 Mexican Americans aged 20-74 years who participated in the 1988-94 third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). GBD was diagnosed by ultrasound. Food intake patterns were identified by principal components analysis based on food frequency questionnaire responses. Component scores representing the level of intake of each pattern were categorized into quartiles, and prevalence odds ratios (POR) were estimated relative to the lowest quartile along with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: There were four distinct patterns in women (vegetable, high calorie, traditional, fruit) and three in men (vegetable, high calorie, traditional). After age adjustment, none were associated with GBD in women. However, men in the third (POR = 0.42, 95%CI 0.21-0.85) and fourth (POR = 0.53, 95%CI 0.28-1.01) quartiles of the traditional intake pattern were half as likely to have GBD as those in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS: These findings add to a growing literature suggesting dietary intake patterns can provide potentially useful and relevant information on diet-disease associations. Nevertheless, methods to do so require further development and validation.
Assuntos
Dieta/efeitos adversos , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/etnologia , Americanos Mexicanos , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Prevalência , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This research sought to describe the association between country of birth and gallbladder disease (GBD) in Mexican Americans, identify subgroups at especially high risk, and identify risk factors that may mediate a birthplace-GBD association. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: Our study population included 4157 Mexican Americans aged 20-74 who participated in the 1988-94 third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. GBD was diagnosed by ultrasound. Information on country of birth, education, income, and selected GBD risk factors was obtained from interviews. Prevalence odds ratios (POR) for GBD in Mexico- vs. US-born Mexican Americans were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, along with 95% confidence intervals (CI). To evaluate the extent to which GBD risk factors mediated the birthplace-GBD association, PORs for country of birth were compared in models with and without additional covariates. RESULTS: Age-adjusted GBD prevalence was lower in Mexico- than in US-born Mexican-American women (POR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.50, 0.98) and men (POR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.40, 0.97). The difference was especially pronounced among subjects of lower socioeconomic status. Despite substantial differences in GBD risk factor distributions by birthplace, none could completely explain the prevalence difference. CONCLUSIONS: The observation that GBD prevalence is higher among US-born Mexican Americans is consistent with research showing poorer health in this group. Further research is needed to identify strategies for reducing morbidity from GBD in Mexican Americans.
Assuntos
Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/etnologia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/epidemiologia , Americanos Mexicanos , Adulto , Idoso , Emigração e Imigração , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Classe Social , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Gallbladder disease is a common source of morbidity in the Mexican American population. Genetic heritage has been proposed as a possible contributor, but evidence for this is limited. Because gallbladder disease has been associated with Native American heritage, genetic admixture may serve as a useful proxy for genetic susceptibility to the disease in epidemiologic studies. The objective of our study was to examine the possibility that gallbladder disease is associated with greater Native American admixture in Mexican Americans. This study used data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and was based on 1,145 Mexican Americans who underwent gallbladder ultrasonography and provided usable phenotypic information. We used the GM and KM immunoglobulin antigen system to generate estimates of admixture proportions and compared these for individuals with and without gallbladder disease. Overall, the proportionate genetic contributions from European, Native American, and African ancestries in our sample were 0.575, 0.390, and 0.035, respectively. Admixture proportions did not differ between cases and noncases: Estimates of Native American admixture for the two groups were 0.359 and 0.396, respectively, but confidence intervals for estimates overlapped. This study found no evidence for the hypothesis that greater Native American admixture proportion is associated with higher prevalence of gallbladder disease in Mexican Americans. Reasons for the finding that Native American admixture proportions did not differ between cases and noncases are discussed. Improving our understanding of the measurement, use, and limitations of genetic admixture may increase its usefulness as an epidemiologic tool as well as its potential for contributing to our understanding of disease distributions across populations.
Assuntos
Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/genética , Genética Populacional , Hispânico ou Latino/genética , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/epidemiologia , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/etnologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/análise , Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrevalênciaRESUMO
The 1982-1984 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey used ultrasonography to investigate risk factors for gallstone disease (gallstones or cholecystectomy). Mexican American, Cuban American, and Puerto Rican men (n = 968) and women (n = 1,325) aged 20-74 years were selected from household samples in nine states. Among men, the risk of gallstone disease increased with age, education, and subscapular skinfold thickness. Among women, the risk of gallstone disease increased with age, body mass index, four skinfold measures, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and oral contraceptive usage, but not with parity. Women currently using oral contraceptives were also found to be at increased risk of current gallstones. Menopause was a risk factor for gallstone disease and cholecystectomy. Alcohol consumption was negatively related to the risk of gallstone disease. In men, the cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was positively related to gallstone disease and, in women, this ratio was negatively related. This interaction between the effect of sex and the cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio on gallstone disease was highly significant (p = 0.002). Mexican Americans were at increased risk of gallstone disease even when other risk factors were controlled in multiple logistic regression analysis.