RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Itraconazole is the first-choice option to treat human and animal sporotrichosis. However, the emergence of itraconazole-resistant strains has encouraged research on new active antifungals. Among them, the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn., Lamiaceae) has shown antifungal activity in vitro. OBJECTIVE: Assessing, for the first time, the effectiveness of rosemary essential oil in vivo in experimental cutaneous sporotrichosis, as well as its chemical composition and action mode. METHODS: Itraconazole-resistant Sporothrix brasiliensis was inoculated in the left foot pad of 30 Wistar rats, which were randomized (n=10) for treatment with saline solution (control, CONT), itraconazole (ITRA, 10 mg/kg) and rosemary oil (ROSM, 250 mg/kg) for 30 days at an oral dose of 1 mL, daily. Clinical evolution, histopathology and fungal burden were investigated. GC-MS was used for chemical analysis; sorbitol protection and ergosterol effect were used to evaluate the action mechanism of rosemary oil. RESULTS: ROSM was the only group evolving to skin lesion remission, lack of edema and exudate, and mild-to-absent yeast cells. Rosemary oil delayed fungal spreading and protected systemic organs, mainly liver and spleen. The ROSM group presented lower fungal load than that observed for the CONT and ITRA groups (p<0.05). Antifungal action took place at complexation level after ergosterol application. Most compounds were 1,8-cineole/eucalyptol (47.91%), camphor (17.92%), and α-pinene (11.52%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings have evidenced that rosemary oil is a promising antifungal to treat sporotrichosis, since it protects systemic organs from fungal spread.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis , Rosmarinus , Animais , Ratos , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Itraconazol/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , SporothrixAssuntos
Gerenciamento Clínico , Terapia a Laser/métodos , Prolapso de Órgão Pélvico/complicações , Estrias de Distensão/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prolapso de Órgão Pélvico/diagnóstico , Prolapso de Órgão Pélvico/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Estrias de Distensão/diagnóstico , Estrias de Distensão/prevenção & controleRESUMO
A criopreservação de sêmen equino tem se difundido cada vez em território nacional. Os processos de congelação e descongelação levam a efeitos deletérios sobre o espermatozoide, diminuindo sua taxa de motilidade e vigor e, consequentemente, influenciando sua morfologia. Estudos vêm sendo realizados em busca do melhor crioprotetor ou associação de crioprotetores para minimizar os danos sofridos sobre os espermatozoides equinos. Nesta revisão de literatura, foram explorados aspectos fundamentais para a criopreservação do sêmen equino, com ênfase para choque térmico, composição de membrana plasmática, efeitos da congelação de diluidores e, principalmente, de crioprotetores.
Cryopreservation of equine semen is becoming more widespread in the country, but the process of freezing and thawing leads some deleterious effects on sperm, thereby decreasing its rate of motility and strength, that influences in the morphology of sperm. Therefore, studies are being conducted looking for the best cryoprotectant or combination of cryoprotectants to minimize the damage on sperm horses. In this literature review were explored key aspects for the cryopreservation of equine semen, highlighting the issues, thermal shock, the composition of the plasma membrane, effects of freezing extenders, mainly cryoprotectants.
Assuntos
Animais , Criopreservação/tendências , Crioprotetores , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Membrana Celular/químicaRESUMO
A criopreservação de sêmen equino tem se difundido cada vez em território nacional. Os processos de congelação e descongelação levam a efeitos deletérios sobre o espermatozoide, diminuindo sua taxa de motilidade e vigor e, consequentemente, influenciando sua morfologia. Estudos vêm sendo realizados em busca do melhor crioprotetor ou associação de crioprotetores para minimizar os danos sofridos sobre os espermatozoides equinos. Nesta revisão de literatura, foram explorados aspectos fundamentais para a criopreservação do sêmen equino, com ênfase para choque térmico, composição de membrana plasmática, efeitos da congelação de diluidores e, principalmente, de crioprotetores. (AU)
Cryopreservation of equine semen is becoming more widespread in the country, but the process of freezing and thawing leads some deleterious effects on sperm, thereby decreasing its rate of motility and strength, that influences in the morphology of sperm. Therefore, studies are being conducted looking for the best cryoprotectant or combination of cryoprotectants to minimize the damage on sperm horses. In this literature review were explored key aspects for the cryopreservation of equine semen, highlighting the issues, thermal shock, the composition of the plasma membrane, effects of freezing extenders, mainly cryoprotectants. (AU)