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Parasites of the Cylicospirura genus are known to affect domestic and wild carnivores by causing the formation of nodules within the gastric mucosa and pyloric region of parasitized animals. C. felineus is a specimen of this genus that has been reported in Brazil in animal species such as Leopardus geoffroyi and Puma concolor. However, as far as the authors of the present study are aware, reports of C. felineus in jaguarundis (Puma yagouaroundi) do not yet exist. This wild feline species native to the Americas is found only in a few countries - and it is possibly extinct in others, such as the United States. In Brazil, the P. yagouaroundi species is classified as vulnerable by government environmental agencies. Consequently, identifying the diseases and their relevance to this species is of utmost importance for P. yagouaroundi's preservation. This study aims to describe the histopathological lesions found in jaguarundis parasitized by the genus Cylicospirura, and to identify the parasitic species observed in these animals. Eight specimens of P. yagouaroundi necropsied between 2010 and 2020 in the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) in Palotina, Brazil, were studied. Seven specimens were wildlife roadkills, and one was from the Municipal Zoo of Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil. Seven of the necropsied animals presented - in the greater curvature of the stomach, near the cardia - one or more parasitic nodules of 0.5 to 3.0 cm in diameter that contained several intralesional reddish filiform parasites. Histologically, these nodules were characterized as transmural parasitic granulomas surrounded by reaction with deposition of dense connective tissue. The parasitological evaluations by light and scanning electron microscopy identified morphological C. felineus' characteristics through the presence of unequal spicules in males, the position of the vulva, and location of the pedunculated papillae. Despite the gastric lesion caused by the parasite, the apparent low pathogenicity to the gastrointestinal system of the evaluated animals, massive infections or large nodules can lead to death - other members of the Spirocercidae family are known to cause organ rupture, esophageal obstructions, and mesenchymal neoplasms. Therefore, C. felineus should be included in the list of gastric parasites with pathogenic potential in the species P. yagouaroundi.

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Background: Spinocerebellar degenerations and neuronal vacuolations are alterations characterized by the formation of vacuoles in the nervous tissue, commonly called status spongiosus. This condition occurs in young Rottweiler dogs causing a disease called Neuronal Vacuolation and Spinocerebellar Degeneration. Clinically, it presents with ataxia of the pelvic limbs, which evolves to generalized ataxia, tetraparesis, and laryngeal paralysis. Histologically, spongiform and vacuolar alterations of the neuropil and neurons are highlighted. This reports a case of neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration in a Rottweiler puppy. Case: Necropsy was performed on the cadaver of a 5-month-old Rottweiler bitch that had been presenting with ataxia for approximately 1 month, in addition to dyspnea, pulmonary crepitations, and microphthalmia. Macroscopic evaluation revealed pale ocular and oral mucosae; marked gastric dilatation and abdominal distension; pulmonary hemorrhage and edema; hepatosplenomegaly; fatty degeneration of the liver; and congestion of meningeal blood vessels. Microscopically, histological evaluation of the spinal cord showed an increase in gray matter cellularity with marked presence of oligodendrocytes and microglia cells; moderate to severe multifocal intracytoplasmic micro- and macrovacuoles with displacement of the neurons' nuclei to the periphery of the cell; central chromatolysis of the neurons adjacent to neurons affected by vacuolation; and mild multifocal necrosis associated with mild multifocal neuronophagia. The white matter exhibited discrete digestion chambers, in addition to marked diffuse congestion of the leptomeninges. In the cerebellum, neurons in the nerve nuclei (emboliform, globose, and fastigial) showed moderate multifocal vacuoles in the cytoplasm, whereas adjacent neurons showed central chromatolysis, necrosis, and mild neuronophagia. Additional histological findings included lymphoid hyperplasia, fatty degeneration of the liver, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary hemorrhage. Discussion: Spongiform and degenerative encephalopathies are diseases recognized worldwide, mainly in cattle and sheep. However, the identification of these changes in new species has led to the need for further investigations. In dogs, the first reports occurred in 1995 and 1997 in Rottweiler animals. This disease affects young dogs, and although its pathogenesis is not completely known, it is believed to be associated with a genetic mutation in the RAB3GAP1 gene. Clinically, it is associated with clinical neurological manifestations, including progressive ataxia of the pelvic limbs, changes in spinal reflex, disordered proprioceptive reactions, laryngeal paralysis, as well as behavioral and gait alterations. In the clinical evaluation, leukoencephalomyelopathy and neuroaxonal dystrophy should be diseases considered as possible differential diagnoses, as they present with similar alterations. However, in histological evaluation, the exclusion of both is basically due to the absence of neuronal vacuolization. Unfortunately, the definitive diagnosis is only made post mortem, through a histopathological evaluation of the nervous tissue. Because it is a disease whose pathogenesis is little known and which shows signs of having a genetic character, histopathological examination for diagnostic purposes in young animals with neurological signs is of great importance.

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The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the frequency of occurrence of avian rotavirus (AvRV) in poultry flocks according to its Performance Efficiency Index (PEI) scores. A total of 256 individual intestinal content samples of small sized-chicks (runts) with clinical signs of Runting Stunting Syndrome (RSS) and 24 clinically healthy chicks (control) were collected from twelve flocks in southern Brazil with different PEI scores: good (n = 4, PEI mean = 365); moderate (n = 4, PEI mean = 342) or poor (n = 4, PEI mean = 319). Silver-stained polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ss-PAGE) was used to detect and identify the AvRV species followed by RT-PCR and sequencing of the partial VP6 gene for species confirmation. AvRV was detected in 83% (10/12) of the flocks and 23.4% (60/256) of the chicks. The electrophoretic migration patterns of viral dsRNA segments were compatible with AvRV species A (AvRV- A), D (AvRV-D) and F (AvRV-F) in 9 (15%), 18 (30%), and 33 (55%) of the positive chicks fecal samples, respectively. The AvRV species identified by ss-PAGE were confirmed by RT-PCR and partial sequence analysis of the VP6 gene. The AvRV detection rate was statistically higher (p = 0.007) in chicks from flocks with poor PEI when compared to those with good PEI. The occurrence of AvRV-D and AvRV-F was statistically higher in 7 to 9 days old chicks, while AvRV-A was detected only in 13 to 14 days old animals.

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The genus Brachyspira corresponds to the group of bacteria formerly classified into the genus Serpulina and includes several commensal and pathogenic intestinal spirochetes that affect pigs, poultry, and other animal species, including humans. In birds, some pathogenic species of this genus causes a condition known as avian intestinal spirochetosis, which remains under diagnosed, thereby causing serious economic losses. Brachyspira is a fastidious organism that necessitates the employment of fast and efficient identification techniques. The aim of this study was to identify Brachyspira spp. using histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from the cecum of commercial poultry. Samples were collected from129 birds aged between 35 and 45 days from commercial broiler farms. For evaluation, routine histology processing (H&E) and the histochemical technique, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) were done. Additionally, FFPE tissue samples were evaluated for FISH and IHC. The histological lesions were analyzed and graded after H&E staining, and the goblet cells were counted and compared using PAS staining with the positive and negative samples obtained through FISH and IHC. For FISH, probes labeled with Brachyspira spp., B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. intermedia were used, where as rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for Brachyspira spp. was used for IHC. Of 129 samples, 82 were positive with IHC and 86 were positive with FISH. The samples positive for the genus Brachyspira in the FISH technique were tested for B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. intermedia in which 56 were positive for B. pilosicoli, 75 for B. hyodysenteriae and 80 for B. intermedia. There was an increase in goblet cells in the samples positive for FISH and IHC. The techniques used were effective and gave corresponding results, thus serving as a fast and efficient tool for diagnosis.

O gênero Brachyspira corresponde ao grupo de bactérias anteriormente classificadas no gênero Serpulinae inclui várias espiroquetas intestinais comensais e patogênicas que afetam suínos, aves e outras espécies animais, incluindo humanos. Em aves, algumas espécies patogênicas desse gênero causam uma condição conhecida como espiroquetose intestinal aviária, que permanece sub-diagnosticada, causando sérios prejuízos econômicos. Brachyspira é um organismo fastidioso que necessita do emprego de técnicas de identificação rápidas e eficientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar Brachyspira spp. usando histologia, imunohistoquímica (IHQ) e hibridização fluorescente in situ (FISH) em amostras de tecido fixado em formalina e embebido em parafina (TFEP) do ceco de aves comerciais. As amostras foram coletadas de 129 aves com idades entre 35 e 45 dias em granjas comerciais. Para avaliação, o processamento histológico de rotina (H&E) e a técnica histoquímica, ácido periódico-Schiff (PAS) foram realizados. Além disso, as amostras de tecido TFEP foram avaliadas para FISH e IHC. As lesões histológicas foram analisadas e graduadas após coloração H&E, e as células caliciformes contadas e comparadas pela coloração PAS com as amostras positivas e negativas obtidas por FISH e IHC. Para FISH, foram utilizadas sondas marcadas com Brachyspira spp., B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae e B. intermedia, enquanto o anticorpo policlonal de coelho específico para Brachyspira spp. foi usado para IHC. De 129 amostras, 82 foram positivas com IHC e 86 foram positivas com FISH. As amostras positivas para o gênero Brachyspira pela técnica de FISH foram testadas para B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae e B. intermedia, sendo 56 positivas para B. pilosicoli, 75 para B. hyodysenteriae e 80 para B. intermedia. Houve aumento de células [...].

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Lawsonia intracellularis is a bacterium already described in several species and most prevalent in pigs, in which it causes enteric problems. Horses can also be affected, developing a disease known as equine proliferative enteropathy, which results from the proliferation of intestinal crypt cells in response to infection by the bacterium. Despite the existence of reports of the disease in several countries, including Brazil, there are still no reports of the disease or epidemiological studies of its occurrence in symptomatic or asymptomatic horses in the state of Paraná. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine the occurrence of L. intracellularis in asymptomatic horses raised in the west, northwest and north regions of Paraná by means of serological testing and the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. In the serological approach, the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) technique was employed. Feces were processed and subjected to qPCR. In total, samples were collected from 162 animals from 20 farms. Of these, 9/162 (5.55%) showed specific antibodies against L. intracellularis. Real-time PCR, on the other hand, identified 7/162 (4.32%) fecal samples positive for the presence of the bacterium. When the techniques were compared, none of the samples was positive by both, demonstrating that, for a better diagnosis, they must be performed together. In contrast to most reports in horses, the present studyde scribes higher serological and molecular occurrence in animals older than two years. These results are of great epidemiological relevance, as they indicate that the bacterium is present in the sampled regions of the state of Paraná. Therefore, the disease must be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases with similar clinical manifestations.

Lawsonia intracellularis é uma bactéria já descrita em várias espécies, sendo mais comum em suínos, ocasionando problemas entéricos nesses animais. Dentre estes, equinos podem ser acometidos, levando à uma doença conhecida como Enteropatia Proliferativa Equina que é decorrente da proliferação das células da cripta intestinal em reação à infecção pela bactéria. Apesar de existirem relatos da doença em diversos países, inclusive no Brasil, no estado do Paraná ainda não se tem relatos da doença e estudos epidemiológicos da ocorrência em equinos sintomáticos ou assintomáticos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de L. intracellularis em equinos assintomáticos criados nas regiões Oeste, Noroeste e Norte do estado do Paraná através de sorologia e qPCR. Para a sorologia, utilizou-se a técnica da Imunoperoxidase em Monocamadas (IPMA). As fezes foram processadas e submetidas à técnica de Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase em Tempo Real (qPCR). Ao todo, foram coletadas amostras de 162 animais de 20 propriedades. Destas, 9/162 (5,55%) apresentaram anticorpos específicos contra L. intracellularis. Já a qPCR, identificou 7/162 (4,32%) amostras de fezes positivas para a presença da bactéria. Ao se comparar as técnicas, nenhuma amostra foi positiva em ambas, demonstrando que, para um melhor diagnóstico, as mesmas devem ser realizadas em conjunto. Em contraste à grande parte dos relatos em equinos, o presente estudo encontrou uma maior ocorrência sorológica e molecular em animais com mais de dois anos de idade. Esses resultados são de grande relevância epidemiológica, pois indicam que a bactéria está presente nas regiões amostradas do estado do Paraná, levando à necessidade de incluir a doença no diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades que cursam com manifestações clínicas semelhantes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The genus Brachyspira corresponds to the group of bacteria formerly classified into the genus Serpulina and includes several commensal and pathogenic intestinal spirochetes that affect pigs, poultry, and other animal species, including humans. In birds, some pathogenic species of this genus causes a condition known as avian intestinal spirochetosis, which remains under diagnosed, thereby causing serious economic losses. Brachyspira is a fastidious organism that necessitates the employment of fast and efficient identification techniques. The aim of this study was to identify Brachyspira spp. using histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from the cecum of commercial poultry. Samples were collected from129 birds aged between 35 and 45 days from commercial broiler farms. For evaluation, routine histology processing (H&E) and the histochemical technique, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) were done. Additionally, FFPE tissue samples were evaluated for FISH and IHC. The histological lesions were analyzed and graded after H&E staining, and the goblet cells were counted and compared using PAS staining with the positive and negative samples obtained through FISH and IHC. For FISH, probes labeled with Brachyspira spp., B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. intermedia were used, where as rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for Brachyspira spp. was used for IHC. Of 129 samples, 82 were positive with IHC and 86 were positive with FISH. The samples positive for the genus Brachyspira in the FISH technique were tested for B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. intermedia in which 56 were positive for B. pilosicoli, 75 for B. hyodysenteriae and 80 for B. intermedia. There was an increase in goblet cells in the samples positive for FISH and IHC. The techniques used were effective and gave corresponding results, thus serving as a fast and efficient tool for diagnosis.(AU)

O gênero Brachyspira corresponde ao grupo de bactérias anteriormente classificadas no gênero Serpulinae inclui várias espiroquetas intestinais comensais e patogênicas que afetam suínos, aves e outras espécies animais, incluindo humanos. Em aves, algumas espécies patogênicas desse gênero causam uma condição conhecida como espiroquetose intestinal aviária, que permanece sub-diagnosticada, causando sérios prejuízos econômicos. Brachyspira é um organismo fastidioso que necessita do emprego de técnicas de identificação rápidas e eficientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar Brachyspira spp. usando histologia, imunohistoquímica (IHQ) e hibridização fluorescente in situ (FISH) em amostras de tecido fixado em formalina e embebido em parafina (TFEP) do ceco de aves comerciais. As amostras foram coletadas de 129 aves com idades entre 35 e 45 dias em granjas comerciais. Para avaliação, o processamento histológico de rotina (H&E) e a técnica histoquímica, ácido periódico-Schiff (PAS) foram realizados. Além disso, as amostras de tecido TFEP foram avaliadas para FISH e IHC. As lesões histológicas foram analisadas e graduadas após coloração H&E, e as células caliciformes contadas e comparadas pela coloração PAS com as amostras positivas e negativas obtidas por FISH e IHC. Para FISH, foram utilizadas sondas marcadas com Brachyspira spp., B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae e B. intermedia, enquanto o anticorpo policlonal de coelho específico para Brachyspira spp. foi usado para IHC. De 129 amostras, 82 foram positivas com IHC e 86 foram positivas com FISH. As amostras positivas para o gênero Brachyspira pela técnica de FISH foram testadas para B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae e B. intermedia, sendo 56 positivas para B. pilosicoli, 75 para B. hyodysenteriae e 80 para B. intermedia. Houve aumento de células [...].(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Lawsonia intracellularis is a bacterium already described in several species and most prevalent in pigs, in which it causes enteric problems. Horses can also be affected, developing a disease known as equine proliferative enteropathy, which results from the proliferation of intestinal crypt cells in response to infection by the bacterium. Despite the existence of reports of the disease in several countries, including Brazil, there are still no reports of the disease or epidemiological studies of its occurrence in symptomatic or asymptomatic horses in the state of Paraná. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine the occurrence of L. intracellularis in asymptomatic horses raised in the west, northwest and north regions of Paraná by means of serological testing and the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. In the serological approach, the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) technique was employed. Feces were processed and subjected to qPCR. In total, samples were collected from 162 animals from 20 farms. Of these, 9/162 (5.55%) showed specific antibodies against L. intracellularis. Real-time PCR, on the other hand, identified 7/162 (4.32%) fecal samples positive for the presence of the bacterium. When the techniques were compared, none of the samples was positive by both, demonstrating that, for a better diagnosis, they must be performed together. In contrast to most reports in horses, the present studyde scribes higher serological and molecular occurrence in animals older than two years. These results are of great epidemiological relevance, as they indicate that the bacterium is present in the sampled regions of the state of Paraná. Therefore, the disease must be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases with similar clinical manifestations.(AU)

Lawsonia intracellularis é uma bactéria já descrita em várias espécies, sendo mais comum em suínos, ocasionando problemas entéricos nesses animais. Dentre estes, equinos podem ser acometidos, levando à uma doença conhecida como Enteropatia Proliferativa Equina que é decorrente da proliferação das células da cripta intestinal em reação à infecção pela bactéria. Apesar de existirem relatos da doença em diversos países, inclusive no Brasil, no estado do Paraná ainda não se tem relatos da doença e estudos epidemiológicos da ocorrência em equinos sintomáticos ou assintomáticos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de L. intracellularis em equinos assintomáticos criados nas regiões Oeste, Noroeste e Norte do estado do Paraná através de sorologia e qPCR. Para a sorologia, utilizou-se a técnica da Imunoperoxidase em Monocamadas (IPMA). As fezes foram processadas e submetidas à técnica de Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase em Tempo Real (qPCR). Ao todo, foram coletadas amostras de 162 animais de 20 propriedades. Destas, 9/162 (5,55%) apresentaram anticorpos específicos contra L. intracellularis. Já a qPCR, identificou 7/162 (4,32%) amostras de fezes positivas para a presença da bactéria. Ao se comparar as técnicas, nenhuma amostra foi positiva em ambas, demonstrando que, para um melhor diagnóstico, as mesmas devem ser realizadas em conjunto. Em contraste à grande parte dos relatos em equinos, o presente estudo encontrou uma maior ocorrência sorológica e molecular em animais com mais de dois anos de idade. Esses resultados são de grande relevância epidemiológica, pois indicam que a bactéria está presente nas regiões amostradas do estado do Paraná, levando à necessidade de incluir a doença no diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades que cursam com manifestações clínicas semelhantes.(AU)

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Introdução: A ressecção cirúrgica de tumores em região de cabeça e pescoço é um tratamento eficaz, mas que implica em significativa desfiguração facial dependendo da localização da lesão. Aqueles pacientes considerados curados precisam ser reabilitados estética e funcionalmente para que possam ser reintegrados às funções sociais. A prótese maxilofacial é um artefato de baixo custo, que pode resolver essa necessidade. Relato de caso: Esse artigo relata o caso de uma paciente de 19 anos submetida à exenteração de órbita para tratamento de Tumor Fibroso Solitário Retrorbitário que, após a cirurgia e radioterapia adjuvante, foi reabilitada por meio de prótese óculopalpebral em silicone. Conclusão: O caso foi considerado um sucesso e ressalta a importância do cirurgião dentista na equipe oncológica e o positivo impacto psicológico e social da reabilitação(AU)

Introduction: Surgical resection of head and neck tumors is an effective treatment, but it implies significant facial disfigurement depending on the location of the lesion. Those patients considered cured need to be rehabilitated aesthetically and functionally so that they can be reintegrated into social functions. The maxillofacial prosthesis is an artifact of low cost, which can solve thisneed. Case Report: This article reports the case of a 19-year-old patient who underwent orbit exanteration for the treatment of Solitary Retrorbital Fibrous Tumor, which, after surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, was rehabilitated using an oculopebral prosthesis made of silicone. Conclusion: The case was considered a success and highlights the importance of the dental surgeon in the oncology team and the positive psychological and social impact of rehabilitation(AU)

Introducción: La resección quirúrgica de los tumores de cabeza y cuello es un tratamiento eficaz, pero implica una desfiguración facial significativa según la ubicación de la lesión. Aquellos pacientes considerados curados necesitan ser rehabilitados estética y funcionalmente para que puedan reintegrarse a las funciones sociales. La prótesis maxilofacial es un artefacto de bajo costo que puede resolver esta necesidad. Reporte del caso: Este artículo informa el caso de una paciente de 19 años que se sometió a una exenteración de órbita para el tratamiento del tumor fibroso retrorbital solitario, que, después de la cirugía y la radioterapia adyuvante, fue rehabilitada con una prótesis oculopalpebral de silicona. Conclusión: El caso se consideró un éxito y destaca la importancia del cirujano dental en el equipo de oncología y el impacto psicológico y social positivo de la rehabilitación(AU)

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A nine-year-old, male, Pekingese dog was presented with a history of dyspnea, lethargy, syncope, polyuria, polydipsia, and selective appetite over two years. When the clinical signs first began, a radiographic exam revealed a radiopaque mass in the cranial mediastinum. An adequate treatment was not performed and the dog was presented to the hospital with severe tachycardia, dyspnea, and tachypnea, and died during physical examination. On necropsy, the heart presented bilateral auricular aneurysms. The pericardial sac was intact, and no other defects were found within the heart. Microscopically, the cardiomyocytes were marked degenerated and proliferation of connective tissue. This is the first case report of a bilateral auricular aneurysm with intact pericardial sac in a dog.~ien

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RESUMO

A nine-year-old, male, Pekingese dog was presented with a history of dyspnea, lethargy, syncope, polyuria, polydipsia, and selective appetite over two years. When the clinical signs first began, a radiographic exam revealed a radiopaque mass in the cranial mediastinum. An adequate treatment was not performed and the dog was presented to the hospital with severe tachycardia, dyspnea, and tachypnea, and died during physical examination. On necropsy, the heart presented bilateral auricular aneurysms. The pericardial sac was intact, and no other defects were found within the heart. Microscopically, the cardiomyocytes were marked degenerated and proliferation of connective tissue. This is the first case report of a bilateral auricular aneurysm with intact pericardial sac in a dog.(AU)~ien

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Background: Intravascular lymphoma (IL) is a rare disease characterized by presence of neoplastic lymphocytes in thelumen of blood vessels. Any tissue can be affected; however, the most frequently compromised areas of the body are theskin and the central nervous system (CNS). The clinical signs and macroscopic alterations caused by IL are nonspecific andare usually secondary to a continuous proliferative disorder, which leads to occlusion of the blood vessels with consequentthrombosis, hemorrhage and infarction. The objective of this work is to report a case of IL in a dog.Case: An 8-year-old male Rottweiler dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná witha history of cerebellar ataxia that had not improved after treatment. At the neurological examination, cerebellar ataxia anddeficit of nasal reflex were detected. A complete blood count showed presence of slight anemia (4.8 million red bloodcells/mm3; normal ranges= 5.5-8.5 million/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (176.000/mm3; normal ranges= 250.000-500.000/mm3). Biochemical tests revealed a small increase in alanine aminotransferase (42 IU/L; normal ranges= 14-38 IU/L) and aslight decrease in alkaline phosphatase (49 IU/L; normal ranges= 90-170 IU/L). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exhibited anincreased protein concentration (147.3 mg/dL; normal ranges= 18-44 mg/dL) and pleocytosis (8 cells/µL; normal ranges=up to 5 cells/µL). No alterations were observed at radiographic and ultrasonographic exams. A clinical treatment was prescribed; however, in view of the worsening of the clinical signs, euthanasia was performed, and the body was submittedto a Laboratory of Pathology. At necropsy, moderate multifocal ulcers were observed in the oral cavity and ventral side ofthe tongue; moderately infarcted areas were detected in the spleen. Additional alterations such as fatty liver degeneration...(AU)

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Background: In dogs, bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepithelial autoimmune disease, a rare dermatopathy in the clinicalroutine. BP is characterized by formation of vesicles and subepidermal blisters that result from dissolution of the dermalepithelial junction. Clinical signs of BP usually include severe dermatological alterations with a variable prognosis. Theaim of this work is to report a case of BP in a dog to contribute information for diagnosis, and to present clinical andpathological aspects that emerge during development of BP.Case: An adult male mongrel dog exhibited hyperemic, exudative, crusty lesions on the lip commissure and periocularareas. Results from laboratory tests were normal. Results from parasitological and mycological tests on skin scrapingswere negative. Imprint cytology of the crusts revealed presence of gram-positive cocci bacteria. In the histopathologicalanalysis of punch biopsy material, the epidermis was detached from the dermis, leading to formation of vesicles. Therewere inflammatory infiltrates containing neutrophils, eosinophils, and high amounts of fibrin, and areas of multifocalorthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. Multifocal infiltrates containing lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells were observedon the superficial portions of the dermis, which indicated a diagnosis of BP. After the definitive clinical diagnosis, theanimal was treated with enrofloxacin (Baytril Flavour®; 5 mg/kg once a day for 10 days), and prednisolone (Prediderm®;2 mg/kg once a day until further instructions). On the follow-up visit, 15 days later, the clinical picture had improved, andthe lesions had decreased. Continuity of the treatment was prescribed, along with a gradual decrease in the corticoid dose.The dose of prednisolone was initially reduced to 1 mg/kg once a day, and later to 0.5 mg/kg until improvement of theclinical status of the patient. Remission of the lesions was observed 13 weeks later...(AU)

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Background: Intravascular lymphoma (IL) is a rare disease characterized by presence of neoplastic lymphocytes in thelumen of blood vessels. Any tissue can be affected; however, the most frequently compromised areas of the body are theskin and the central nervous system (CNS). The clinical signs and macroscopic alterations caused by IL are nonspecific andare usually secondary to a continuous proliferative disorder, which leads to occlusion of the blood vessels with consequentthrombosis, hemorrhage and infarction. The objective of this work is to report a case of IL in a dog.Case: An 8-year-old male Rottweiler dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná witha history of cerebellar ataxia that had not improved after treatment. At the neurological examination, cerebellar ataxia anddeficit of nasal reflex were detected. A complete blood count showed presence of slight anemia (4.8 million red bloodcells/mm3; normal ranges= 5.5-8.5 million/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (176.000/mm3; normal ranges= 250.000-500.000/mm3). Biochemical tests revealed a small increase in alanine aminotransferase (42 IU/L; normal ranges= 14-38 IU/L) and aslight decrease in alkaline phosphatase (49 IU/L; normal ranges= 90-170 IU/L). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exhibited anincreased protein concentration (147.3 mg/dL; normal ranges= 18-44 mg/dL) and pleocytosis (8 cells/µL; normal ranges=up to 5 cells/µL). No alterations were observed at radiographic and ultrasonographic exams. A clinical treatment was prescribed; however, in view of the worsening of the clinical signs, euthanasia was performed, and the body was submittedto a Laboratory of Pathology. At necropsy, moderate multifocal ulcers were observed in the oral cavity and ventral side ofthe tongue; moderately infarcted areas were detected in the spleen. Additional alterations such as fatty liver degeneration...

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Background: In dogs, bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepithelial autoimmune disease, a rare dermatopathy in the clinicalroutine. BP is characterized by formation of vesicles and subepidermal blisters that result from dissolution of the dermalepithelial junction. Clinical signs of BP usually include severe dermatological alterations with a variable prognosis. Theaim of this work is to report a case of BP in a dog to contribute information for diagnosis, and to present clinical andpathological aspects that emerge during development of BP.Case: An adult male mongrel dog exhibited hyperemic, exudative, crusty lesions on the lip commissure and periocularareas. Results from laboratory tests were normal. Results from parasitological and mycological tests on skin scrapingswere negative. Imprint cytology of the crusts revealed presence of gram-positive cocci bacteria. In the histopathologicalanalysis of punch biopsy material, the epidermis was detached from the dermis, leading to formation of vesicles. Therewere inflammatory infiltrates containing neutrophils, eosinophils, and high amounts of fibrin, and areas of multifocalorthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. Multifocal infiltrates containing lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells were observedon the superficial portions of the dermis, which indicated a diagnosis of BP. After the definitive clinical diagnosis, theanimal was treated with enrofloxacin (Baytril Flavour®; 5 mg/kg once a day for 10 days), and prednisolone (Prediderm®;2 mg/kg once a day until further instructions). On the follow-up visit, 15 days later, the clinical picture had improved, andthe lesions had decreased. Continuity of the treatment was prescribed, along with a gradual decrease in the corticoid dose.The dose of prednisolone was initially reduced to 1 mg/kg once a day, and later to 0.5 mg/kg until improvement of theclinical status of the patient. Remission of the lesions was observed 13 weeks later...

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BACKGROUND: The Zika virus outbreak in Brazil (2015-2016) affected thousands of children who were born with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Families play an important role in their care of children with complex needs, yet their knowledge, experience and skills are rarely harnessed in existing interventions to best support these families. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the use of mothers as facilitators for a community-based group intervention for children with CZS and their caregivers in Brazil. METHODS: Four facilitators were trained to deliver the 10-week intervention called "Juntos". Two were mothers of a child with CZS ("expert mothers") and two were therapists (speech therapist and physiotherapist). The intervention was delivered to three groups, generally including 8-10 caregivers. Two researchers, who were psychologists, observed the groups and held focus group discussions at the end of each session. They undertook semi-structured interviews post intervention with a purposive sample of caregivers, and with the facilitators. Observation notes were collated and summarised. Transcripts were transcribed and thematically analysed using five elements to assess feasibility: acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality and adaptation. RESULTS: The use of expert mothers as facilitators was considered to be acceptable and there was demand for their role. Their experiential knowledge was viewed as important for sharing and learning, and supporting and encouraging the group. The intervention was delivered with fidelity by the expert mothers. The practicality of the intervention was facilitated by holding the group sessions in the community, providing transport costs to facilitators and participants, paying expert mothers and therapist facilitators equally and supporting the expert mothers through a mentorship programme. Equal payment with the therapist enabled the expert mothers to better facilitate the groups, through increased confidence in the value of their role. Adaptation of the intervention included development of video resources and mentoring guidelines. CONCLUSION: The use of expert mothers as facilitators of caregiver groups provides a unique approach to harness the knowledge, experience, and skills of families to provide care, and is likely to be feasible in similar contexts.

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This work describes the first Brazilian laboratory-confirmed outbreak of enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in sheep, which occurred in the state of Paraná. We address the epidemiological aspects involved, the diagnostic modalities employed, and the clinical signs and pathological findings observed. Eight healthy pregnant female sheep with no history of vaccination for clostridiosis presented with a history of abrupt feeding changes and neurological manifestations that quickly evolved to illness, coma and death. Four other females with clinical neurological signs were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina Sector. These animals presented with lethargy, motor incoordination, opisthotonus, pedal movements, muscle tremors, spastic paralysis, bruxism, mandibular trismus, sialorrhea, hyperexcitability and the inability to stand. They were examined and euthanized due to the seriousness of the clinical picture with an unfavorable prognosis. We performed gross anatomical and microscopic analyses of the organs and intestinal contents. We also performed bacterial isolation with molecular typing. From the intestinal contents, we detected toxins by means of the seroneutralization technique in mice. At necropsy, we noted pulmonary edema (2/4), necrotizing enteritis (4/4) and hyperemia of the leptomeninges (1/4). Microscopically, we observed lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia, necrotic enteritis associated with the presence of rods, and nephrosis with interstitial lymphohistiocytic nephritis. No significant brain lesions were observed. Using serum neutralization, we identified epsilon toxin in the intestinal contents of all four animals. C. perfringens type D was identified. Based on the history, clinical signs, postmortem findings, and laboratory confirmation of the presence of epsilon toxin, we concluded that C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia caused this outbreak of sheep deaths.(AU)

Este trabalho descreve o primeiro surto brasileiro com confirmação laboratorial de enterotoxemia em ovinos por Clostridium perfringens tipo D, ocorrido no estado do Paraná, abordando os aspectos epidemiológicos envolvidos, sinais clínicos observados, achados patológicos e diagnóstico empregado. Oito fêmeas ovina, gestantes, em bom estado corporal e com histórico de mudanças bruscas na alimentação, sem histórico de vacinação para clostridioses, apresentaram manifestações clínicas neurológicas que logo evoluíram para decúbito, coma e morte. Outras quatro fêmeas apresentaram os sinais clínicos neurológicos e foram encaminhadas ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná, setor Palotina. Os animais foram examinados e submetidos à eutanásia devido à gravidade do quadro clínico e prognóstico desfavorável. Destes quatro animais foram coletados fragmentos de órgãos e do conteúdo intestinal. Foi realizada análise macroscópica e microscópica dos órgãos, bem como isolamento bacteriano, tipificação molecular do agente e a detecção das toxinas por meio da técnica de soroneutralização em camundongos a partir do conteúdo intestinal. Os quatro ovinos examinados apresentaram letargia, incoordenação motora, opistótono, movimentos de pedalagem, tremores musculares, paralisia espástica, bruxismo, trismo mandibular, sialorréia, hiperexcitabilidade e decúbito. Na necropsia, constatou-se edema pulmonar (2/4), enterite necrohemorrágica (4/4) e hiperemia de leptomeninges (1/4). Microscopicamente havia pneumonia intersticial linfohistiocitária, enterite necrótica associada com a presença de bastonetes e nefrose com nefrite intersticial linfohistiocitária. Não foram observadas lesões encefálicas dignas de nota em função do quadro agudo da doença. Por meio da soroneutralização foi possível identificar a presença da toxina épsilon no conteúdo intestinal dos quatro...(AU)

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This work describes the first Brazilian laboratory-confirmed outbreak of enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in sheep, which occurred in the state of Paraná. We address the epidemiological aspects involved, the diagnostic modalities employed, and the clinical signs and pathological findings observed. Eight healthy pregnant female sheep with no history of vaccination for clostridiosis presented with a history of abrupt feeding changes and neurological manifestations that quickly evolved to illness, coma and death. Four other females with clinical neurological signs were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina Sector. These animals presented with lethargy, motor incoordination, opisthotonus, pedal movements, muscle tremors, spastic paralysis, bruxism, mandibular trismus, sialorrhea, hyperexcitability and the inability to stand. They were examined and euthanized due to the seriousness of the clinical picture with an unfavorable prognosis. We performed gross anatomical and microscopic analyses of the organs and intestinal contents. We also performed bacterial isolation with molecular typing. From the intestinal contents, we detected toxins by means of the seroneutralization technique in mice. At necropsy, we noted pulmonary edema (2/4), necrotizing enteritis (4/4) and hyperemia of the leptomeninges (1/4). Microscopically, we observed lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia, necrotic enteritis associated with the presence of rods, and nephrosis with interstitial lymphohistiocytic nephritis. No significant brain lesions were observed. Using serum neutralization, we identified epsilon toxin in the intestinal contents of all four animals. C. perfringens type D was identified. Based on the history, clinical signs, postmortem findings, and laboratory confirmation of the presence of epsilon toxin, we concluded that C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia caused this outbreak of sheep deaths.

Este trabalho descreve o primeiro surto brasileiro com confirmação laboratorial de enterotoxemia em ovinos por Clostridium perfringens tipo D, ocorrido no estado do Paraná, abordando os aspectos epidemiológicos envolvidos, sinais clínicos observados, achados patológicos e diagnóstico empregado. Oito fêmeas ovina, gestantes, em bom estado corporal e com histórico de mudanças bruscas na alimentação, sem histórico de vacinação para clostridioses, apresentaram manifestações clínicas neurológicas que logo evoluíram para decúbito, coma e morte. Outras quatro fêmeas apresentaram os sinais clínicos neurológicos e foram encaminhadas ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná, setor Palotina. Os animais foram examinados e submetidos à eutanásia devido à gravidade do quadro clínico e prognóstico desfavorável. Destes quatro animais foram coletados fragmentos de órgãos e do conteúdo intestinal. Foi realizada análise macroscópica e microscópica dos órgãos, bem como isolamento bacteriano, tipificação molecular do agente e a detecção das toxinas por meio da técnica de soroneutralização em camundongos a partir do conteúdo intestinal. Os quatro ovinos examinados apresentaram letargia, incoordenação motora, opistótono, movimentos de pedalagem, tremores musculares, paralisia espástica, bruxismo, trismo mandibular, sialorréia, hiperexcitabilidade e decúbito. Na necropsia, constatou-se edema pulmonar (2/4), enterite necrohemorrágica (4/4) e hiperemia de leptomeninges (1/4). Microscopicamente havia pneumonia intersticial linfohistiocitária, enterite necrótica associada com a presença de bastonetes e nefrose com nefrite intersticial linfohistiocitária. Não foram observadas lesões encefálicas dignas de nota em função do quadro agudo da doença. Por meio da soroneutralização foi possível identificar a presença da toxina épsilon no conteúdo intestinal dos quatro...

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Bacteria of the genus Brachyspira can cause enteric diseases in poultry causing a decrease in productivity. The occurrence of this disease in chickens has already been verified in countries such as Australia, Italy, and the United States, but in Brazil, until now, epidemiological studies about Brachyspira sp. frequency were only carried out on pig farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of bacteria of the genus Brachyspira sp. through isolation and confirmation of the species Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira intermedia using the qPCR technique. Samples from 110 hens aged from 35 to 82 weeks were collected, 40 were from commercial egg farms and 70 were from laying hens matrices. For the first evaluation, bacterial isolation was performed from the feces. Positive samples were submitted to qPCR to identify the three species proposed. Cecum fragments of the birds were collected and fixed in formaldehyde for histological evaluation and counting of goblet cells. Of the 110 samples, 48 characteristic isolates of Brachyspira (43.6%) were obtained and of these in qPCR 13 identified as B. hyodysenteriae (11.8%) and 5 all from the same farm as Brachyspira intermedia (4.5%), 2 samples were positive for both agents (1.8%) and 28 were not characterized by qPCR (25.5%). None histopathological lesions were observed in the chicken cecum and no significant statistical difference was noticed in the count of goblet cells of the positive hens. It can be evidenced by the occurrence of Brachyspira sp. in laying farms and hens in Brazil, with special relevance to Brachyspira intermedia that can be potentially pathogenic for these animals.(AU)

Bactérias do gênero Brachyspira podem ocasionar enfermidades entéricas em aves acarretando a queda de produtividade. A ocorrência desta enfermidade em galinhas já foi verificada em países como a Austrália, Itália e Estados Unidos, porém no Brasil, até o momento, trabalhos epidemiológicos sobre a frequencia de Brachyspira sp. só foram realizados em granjas de suínos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de bactérias do gênero Brachyspira sp. através do isolamento e confirmação das espécies Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae e Brachyspira intermedia utilizando a técnica de qPCR. Foram coletadas amostras de 110 aves com idade entre 35 e 82 semanas, sendo 40 de granjas de postura comercial e 70 de granjas de matrizes de corte. Para avaliação primeiramente procedeu-se o isolamento bacteriano a partir das fezes. As amostras positivas foram submetidas a qPCR para identificação das três espécies propostas. Fragmentos de ceco das aves foram coletados e fixados em formol para avaliação histológica e contagem de células caliciformes. Das 110 amostras foram obtidos 48 isolamentos característicos de Brachyspira (43,6%) e destes na qPCR 13 identificadas como B. hyodysenteriae (11,8%) e 5 sendo todas da mesma granja (4,5%) como B. intermedia, 2 amostras foram positivas para ambos os agentes (1,8%) e 28 não foram caracterizadas através da qPCR (25,5%). Não foram observadas alterações histopatológicas no ceco e diferença estatística significativa na contagem de células caliciformes das aves positivas. Conclui-se que a Brachyspira sp. é frequente em granjas de poedeiras e matrizes de corte no Brasil, com especial relevância para a B. intermedia que possui potência patogênico para estas aves.(AU)

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Bacteria of the genus Brachyspira can cause enteric diseases in poultry causing a decrease in productivity. The occurrence of this disease in chickens has already been verified in countries such as Australia, Italy, and the United States, but in Brazil, until now, epidemiological studies about Brachyspira sp. frequency were only carried out on pig farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of bacteria of the genus Brachyspira sp. through isolation and confirmation of the species Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira intermedia using the qPCR technique. Samples from 110 hens aged from 35 to 82 weeks were collected, 40 were from commercial egg farms and 70 were from laying hens matrices. For the first evaluation, bacterial isolation was performed from the feces. Positive samples were submitted to qPCR to identify the three species proposed. Cecum fragments of the birds were collected and fixed in formaldehyde for histological evaluation and counting of goblet cells. Of the 110 samples, 48 characteristic isolates of Brachyspira (43.6%) were obtained and of these in qPCR 13 identified as B. hyodysenteriae (11.8%) and 5 all from the same farm as Brachyspira intermedia (4.5%), 2 samples were positive for both agents (1.8%) and 28 were not characterized by qPCR (25.5%). None histopathological lesions were observed in the chicken cecum and no significant statistical difference was noticed in the count of goblet cells of the positive hens. It can be evidenced by the occurrence of Brachyspira sp. in laying farms and hens in Brazil, with special relevance to Brachyspira intermedia that can be potentially pathogenic for these animals.(AU)

Bactérias do gênero Brachyspira podem ocasionar enfermidades entéricas em aves acarretando a queda de produtividade. A ocorrência desta enfermidade em galinhas já foi verificada em países como a Austrália, Itália e Estados Unidos, porém no Brasil, até o momento, trabalhos epidemiológicos sobre a frequencia de Brachyspira sp. só foram realizados em granjas de suínos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de bactérias do gênero Brachyspira sp. através do isolamento e confirmação das espécies Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae e Brachyspira intermedia utilizando a técnica de qPCR. Foram coletadas amostras de 110 aves com idade entre 35 e 82 semanas, sendo 40 de granjas de postura comercial e 70 de granjas de matrizes de corte. Para avaliação primeiramente procedeu-se o isolamento bacteriano a partir das fezes. As amostras positivas foram submetidas a qPCR para identificação das três espécies propostas. Fragmentos de ceco das aves foram coletados e fixados em formol para avaliação histológica e contagem de células caliciformes. Das 110 amostras foram obtidos 48 isolamentos característicos de Brachyspira (43,6%) e destes na qPCR 13 identificadas como B. hyodysenteriae (11,8%) e 5 sendo todas da mesma granja (4,5%) como B. intermedia, 2 amostras foram positivas para ambos os agentes (1,8%) e 28 não foram caracterizadas através da qPCR (25,5%). Não foram observadas alterações histopatológicas no ceco e diferença estatística significativa na contagem de células caliciformes das aves positivas. Conclui-se que a Brachyspira sp. é frequente em granjas de poedeiras e matrizes de corte no Brasil, com especial relevância para a B. intermedia que possui potência patogênico para estas aves.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: Bacteria of the genus Brachyspira can cause enteric diseases in poultry causing a decrease in productivity. The occurrence of this disease in chickens has already been verified in countries such as Australia, Italy, and the United States, but in Brazil, until now, epidemiological studies about Brachyspira sp. frequency were only carried out on pig farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of bacteria of the genus Brachyspira sp. through isolation and confirmation of the species Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira intermedia using the qPCR technique. Samples from 110 hens aged from 35 to 82 weeks were collected, 40 were from commercial egg farms and 70 were from laying hens matrices. For the first evaluation, bacterial isolation was performed from the feces. Positive samples were submitted to qPCR to identify the three species proposed. Cecum fragments of the birds were collected and fixed in formaldehyde for histological evaluation and counting of goblet cells. Of the 110 samples, 48 characteristic isolates of Brachyspira (43.6%) were obtained and of these in qPCR 13 identified as B. hyodysenteriae (11.8%) and 5 all from the same farm as Brachyspira intermedia (4.5%), 2 samples were positive for both agents (1.8%) and 28 were not characterized by qPCR (25.5%). None histopathological lesions were observed in the chicken cecum and no significant statistical difference was noticed in the count of goblet cells of the positive hens. It can be evidenced by the occurrence of Brachyspira sp. in laying farms and hens in Brazil, with special relevance to Brachyspira intermedia that can be potentially pathogenic for these animals.

RESUMO: Bactérias do gênero Brachyspira podem ocasionar enfermidades entéricas em aves acarretando a queda de produtividade. A ocorrência desta enfermidade em galinhas já foi verificada em países como a Austrália, Itália e Estados Unidos, porém no Brasil, até o momento, trabalhos epidemiológicos sobre a frequencia de Brachyspira sp. só foram realizados em granjas de suínos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de bactérias do gênero Brachyspira sp. através do isolamento e confirmação das espécies Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae e Brachyspira intermedia utilizando a técnica de qPCR. Foram coletadas amostras de 110 aves com idade entre 35 e 82 semanas, sendo 40 de granjas de postura comercial e 70 de granjas de matrizes de corte. Para avaliação primeiramente procedeu-se o isolamento bacteriano a partir das fezes. As amostras positivas foram submetidas a qPCR para identificação das três espécies propostas. Fragmentos de ceco das aves foram coletados e fixados em formol para avaliação histológica e contagem de células caliciformes. Das 110 amostras foram obtidos 48 isolamentos característicos de Brachyspira (43,6%) e destes na qPCR 13 identificadas como B. hyodysenteriae (11,8%) e 5 sendo todas da mesma granja (4,5%) como B. intermedia, 2 amostras foram positivas para ambos os agentes (1,8%) e 28 não foram caracterizadas através da qPCR (25,5%). Não foram observadas alterações histopatológicas no ceco e diferença estatística significativa na contagem de células caliciformes das aves positivas. Conclui-se que a Brachyspira sp. é frequente em granjas de poedeiras e matrizes de corte no Brasil, com especial relevância para a B. intermedia que possui potência patogênico para estas aves.