RESUMO
Se presenta un recorrido histórico sobre la Terapia Ocupacional en la República Dominicana, incluyendo sus principales actores, las etapas en las que se desarrollaron los programas de formación de terapeutas ocupacionales en este país y la conformación del gremio nacional. Este proceso ha afrontado diversas dificultades, pero se evidencia el apoyo brindado por gremios y universidades internacionales. El futuro de la Terapia Ocupacional en la República Dominicana se visualiza prometedor, con el fortalecimiento y la ampliación de la formación y de la oferta de servicios profesionales, el posicionamiento de la Sociedad Dominicana de Terapia Ocupacional, entre otros retos. Este es el legado que se aspira dejar a las futuras generaciones de terapeutas ocupacionales en el país.
This article presents a historical review of Occupational Therapy in the Dominican Republic, including its leading actors, the stages through which occupational therapist training programs were developed, and the formation of the national guild. This process has faced various difficulties, but the support provided by international associations and universities is evident. The future of Occupational Therapy in the Dominican Republic looks promising through strengthening and expanding training, offering professional services, and positioning the Dominican Society of Occupational Therapy, among other challenges. This is the legacy we aspire to leave to future generations of occupational therapists in the country.
Neste artigo se apresenta um passeio histórico pela Terapia Ocupacional na República Dominicana, incluindo seus principais atores, as etapas em que foram desenvolvidos os programas de formação de terapeutas ocupacionais no país e a formação do conselho profissional nacional. Esses processos enfrentaram várias dificuldades, mas o apoio prestado por associações e universidades internacionais é evidente. O futuro da Terapia Ocupacional na República Dominicana parece promissor, com o fortalecimento e a ampliação da formação e da oferta dos serviços profissionais, bem como com o posicionamento da Sociedade Dominicana de Terapia Ocupacional, entre outros desafios. Esse é o legado que se aspira deixar para as futuras gerações de terapeutas ocupacionais no país.
Assuntos
Terapia Ocupacional , República Dominicana , Sociedades , Capacitação ProfissionalRESUMO
This study evaluates the initial efficacy of the Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) for Puerto Rican preschool children aged 4-6 years with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), combined or predominantly hyperactive type, and significant behavior problems. Thirty-two families were randomly assigned to PCIT (n = 20) or a 3.5-month waiting-list condition (WL; n = 12). Participants from both groups completed pretreatment and posttreatment assessments. Outcome measures included child's ADHD symptoms and behavior problems, parent or family functioning, and parents' satisfaction with treatment. ANCOVAs with pretreatment measures entered as covariates were significant for all posttreatment outcomes, except mother's depression, and in the expected direction (p < .01). Mothers reported a highly significant reduction in pretreatment hyperactivity and inattention and less aggressive and oppositional-defiant behaviors, conduct problems assessed as problematic, parenting stress associated with their child's behavior, and an increase in the use of adequate parenting practices. For the WL group, there were no clinically significant changes in any measure. Treatment gains obtained after treatment were maintained at a 3.5-month follow-up assessment. PCIT seems to be an efficacious intervention for Puerto Rican families who have young children with significant behavior problems.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/etnologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/etnologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/terapia , Terapia Familiar/métodos , Relações Pais-Filho/etnologia , Adulto , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Criança , Comportamento Infantil/etnologia , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Poder Familiar/etnologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Satisfação do Paciente , Projetos Piloto , Porto Rico , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study examines how parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) was adapted for Puerto Rican parents of children aged 4-6 with hyperactivity and other significant behavior problems. Four steps were followed: (1) translation and preliminary adaptation of the treatment manual, (2) application of the treatment to 9 families as part of an exploratory study using repeated measures, (3) treatment revision and refinement, and (4) in-depth interviews with parents (n=15) and clinical psychologists (n=5) from Puerto Rico who provided feedback on treatment process and components. Throughout this process, cultural elements and modifications were recommended to be incorporated into the treatment protocol. Both quantitative and qualitative results suggest that PCIT seems to be an acceptable intervention for this population, with some minor changes. Parents reported a high level of satisfaction, a significant reduction in children's externalizing behavior problems, and reduction of parenting stress and improvement in their parenting practices. Psychologists also evaluated positively the treatment protocol and recommended its use. Results from this study may inform clinicians and researchers who work with Latino families about relevant issues to be considered to promote their participation in behavioral family interventions and to enhance their acceptability and effectiveness.
Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica , Terapia Familiar/métodos , Relações Pais-Filho , Adulto , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Cultura , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Agitação Psicomotora , Porto Rico , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this investigation was to examine the construct validity and distinctiveness of the inattentive type (IT) and combined type (CT) of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a Latino/Hispanic sample. METHOD: A comprehensive assessment was conducted with a clinically diagnosed school-based sample of 98 children aged 6 to 11 (CT=44; IT=25; control group=29). RESULTS: Both ADHD groups were impaired on academic achievement measures, presented more ADHD-type behaviors during math and vigilance tasks, and exhibited greater internalizing symptoms. The IT group had a later onset of inattention symptoms, presented more sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms, was less prone to initiate social interactions or to be assertive and more self-controlled in social interchanges, was less likely to have externalizing behaviors, had mothers who reported less child-related family stress, and was less impaired in their adaptive functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Findings supported the construct validity of ADHD in this culturally different sample and suggested that the CT and IT represent distinct disorders.