RESUMO
Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the medically important yeast-like fungi. C. neoformans var. gatti has been made a species: C. gatti. In our country, there are few studies about these two species and their serotypes. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of C. neoformans and C. gattii, and their serotypes in Venezuelan clinical isolates. One hundred and twenty C. neoformans and 12 C. gattii clinical isolates were identified by L-canavanine, glycine, and bromothymol blue agar media (CGB). These were investigated by agglutination and adsorption studies with anticryptococcal sera, which were produced by rabbit immunization. Of the 132 isolates 59.8% were typed serotype A (C. neoformans), followed by 25.8% serotype D (C. neoformans), 5.3% serotype AD (C. neoformans), and 5.3% were typed serotype C (var. gattii). Additionally 3.8% were serotype B (C. gattii).
Assuntos
Criptococose/epidemiologia , Criptococose/microbiologia , Cryptococcus neoformans/classificação , Cryptococcus/classificação , Animais , Cryptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolamento & purificação , Meios de Cultura , Humanos , Imunização , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Coelhos , Sorotipagem , Especificidade da Espécie , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The increasing clinical and microbiologic resistance of Candida spp. isolates to several antifungal agents is becoming a serious problem. It is now reasonable to propose the use of antifungal susceptibility testing in Candida spp. isolates from patients who have failed conventional therapy, before the selection of an empirical therapy. METHODS: One hundred and fifty eight isolates of Candida spp. were evaluated simultaneously by broth microdilution (NCCLS standard) and well diffusion testing (WD), a diffusion method similar to disc diffusion. RESULTS: According to the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test performed, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between both methodologies for all antifungal agents tested (fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin and amphotericin B, with C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. dubliniensis, C. guillermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. albicans and C. glabrata). A significant difference was observed when comparing well diffusion with NCCLS for fluconazole WD 80% (p=0.008) in C. glabrata, as well as WD 80% (p=0.002) and WD 50% (p=0.002) in C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS: The well diffusion test is simple, easy to reproduce, inexpensive, easy both to read and interpret, and has a good correlation to the reference NCCLS microdilution test and may represent an alternative method for antifungal drug susceptibility testing of Candida spp., mainly in laboratories with few resources.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/microbiologia , HumanosRESUMO
Las dificultades para mantener cepas de bacterias y de hongos viables durante diferentes períodos de tiempo, sin cambios morfológicos ni fisiológicos, son bien conocidas. Existen métodos de conservación con diferentes niveles de eficacia, tales como el subcultivo periódico, la liofilización, la inmersión en aceite mineral y el método de Castellani [1-3]. En 1989, Hartung y colaboradores lograron demostrar la eficiencia de este método para la conservación de hongos, mantenidos en la Sección de Micología Médica del Instituto de Medicina Tropical de la Universidad Central de Venezuela desde 1962 [4,5]. En la literatura existen pocos trabajos que reportan la efectividad de dicho método [5-8]. El presente estudio evalúa la estabilidad morfológica, viabilidad y pureza de 26 cepas de cryptococcus sp. provenientes de la micoteca de esta sección, las cuales fueron aisladas de diversas muestras clínicas y conservadas utilizando el método de Castellani, desde 1962 hasta 2002
Assuntos
Bactérias , Cryptococcus , Microbiologia , VenezuelaRESUMO
Se conocen 2 variedades de cryptococcus neoformans y 5 serotipos: cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotipos A,D y AD), usualmente aislados a partir de muestras clínicas, encontrándose cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans serotipo A, con mayor incidencia en pacientes con SIDA; cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (serotipos B y C), los cuales son aislados menos frecuentemente principalmente en pacientes VIH seronegativos y excepcionalmente han sido asociados con SIDA. Se estudiaron 43 cepas de cryptococcus neoformans. El medio de canavanina-glicina-azul de bromotinol (CGB) permite diferenciar en crytococcus la variedad gattii de la variedad neoformans. Nuestro estudio refleja que las 2 cepas (4,65 por ciento) de cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, obtenidas a partir del aislamiento de muestras de líquido cefalorraquídeo, procedían de una paciente con inmunodeficiencia celular y humoral catalogada como ideopática, y de un paciente con SIDA, asociación rara vez reportada. Son escasos los estudios epidemiológicos de esta micosis en Venezuela, y pocos hacen identificación más allá de la especie, por lo cual es dificil comparar nuestros resultados
Assuntos
Azul de Bromotimol , Canavanina , Cryptococcus neoformans , Glicina , Microbiologia , VenezuelaAssuntos
Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Fasciite Necrosante/microbiologia , Mucor/isolamento & purificação , Mucormicose/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Fasciite Necrosante/diagnóstico , Fasciite Necrosante/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho , Mucor/classificação , Mucormicose/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , VenezuelaRESUMO
During a 2-year period 30 adults were selected out of a group of patients diagnosed with erysipelas, who, except for tinea pedis, were apparently otherwise healthy patients. Clinical and epidemiological studies were performed to establish how tinea pedis and erysipelas are related. Thirteen of 30 patients with a diagnosis of erysipelas were found to have tinea pedis due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum. In seven of the patients (23%) tinea pedis was found to be the unique predisposing factor for erysipelas. Tinea pedis may be a risk factor for streptococcal infections such as erysipelas, mainly in tropical countries, where tinea pedis is a frequent disease.