RESUMO
Although the Mexican population has traditionally been malnourished, the prevalence of obesity in children and adults has increased by almost 50 % in the last 10 years. Recent studies show substantial changes in the nutritional status of Mexicans, especially in the pediatric population. Among the factors associated with the development of obesity are overeating, sedentariness, and genetics. The apparent economic development in Mexico, as well as the influence of dietary patterns from other countries, have contributed to modifying lifestyle. Despite measures taken by the health system, iron- and zinc-deficiency anemia continue to be prevalent. The present review aims to describe the changes that have taken place in Mexico in the last few decades leading to a generation of short and obese children, as well as to determine the associated factors in order to promote healthier eating patterns among the Mexican population.
Assuntos
Cultura , Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Composição Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Vitaminas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent reports about cisapride have raised some concerns about the safety and efficacy of this medication in children. The aim of this study was to identify electrocardiographic changes and a predisposition to develop arrhythmias in children. METHODS: Patients were divided in 2 groups: 1) 63 children (mean age: 29 months) who received cisapride (0.2 mg/kg/dose 3 times/day), and 2) 57 children (mean age: 27 months) who did not receive cisapride (they served as controls). Both groups did not have any associated disease. Electrocardiogram (EKG) was performed to children when they were included in the study. The QT interval was corrected using Bazett's formula. Twenty-four-hour Holter recording was performed in children with prolonged QT interval (PQTI). When PQTI was identified in group 1, cisapride was discontinued and a new EKG was performed. RESULTS: Five children from group 1 and 6 from group 2 had PQTI. In 3 children with PQTI, the QTc interval returned to normal values when cisapride was discontinued. In children under 4 months of age, a statistical difference was found, with QTc interval being longer in group 2 (without cisapride) than in group 1. Holter recordings were normal in all children with PQTI. CONCLUSION: PQTI can be found in normal children with or without cisapride. In our study PQTI was not associated with any life-threatening event.
Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/induzido quimicamente , Cisaprida/efeitos adversos , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Eletroencefalografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cisaprida/farmacologia , Cisaprida/uso terapêutico , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletroencefalografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/tratamento farmacológico , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Síndrome do QT Longo/induzido quimicamente , MasculinoAssuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/imunologia , Helicobacter pylori/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Distribuição por Idade , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Orfanatos , Prevalência , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Se analizaron los datos con relación a la prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG e IgM contra el virus de la hepatitis A (VHA), mediante la técnica de ELISA en 450 ninos sin antecedentes de hepatitis, con edades comprendidas entre los 3 meses y 17 años de edad, que acudieron a consulta al Instituto Nacional de Pediatría de la ciudad de México en el período comprendido de septiembre de 1992 a junio de 1993. La prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG en la población estudiada, fue del 83.6 por ciento. De los niños menores de un año el 50 por ciento mostraron anticuerpo, el 80 por ciento a los 3 años 80 por ciento, y el 96 por ciento a los 10 años de edad. Sólo 9 niños de los 450 tuvieron además anticuerpos IgM contra el virus de la hepatitis A. Se concluye que la prevalencia de HVA en la población que estudiamos es semejante a lo referido hace 13 años en México.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Hepatovirus/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Imunoglobulina G/isolamento & purificação , Imunoglobulina M/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Longitudinais , Prevalência , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Se analizaron los datos con relación a la prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG e IgM contra el virus de la hepatitis A (VHA), mediante la técnica de ELISA en 450 ninos sin antecedentes de hepatitis, con edades comprendidas entre los 3 meses y 17 años de edad, que acudieron a consulta al Instituto Nacional de Pediatría de la ciudad de México en el período comprendido de septiembre de 1992 a junio de 1993. La prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG en la población estudiada, fue del 83.6 por ciento. De los niños menores de un año el 50 por ciento mostraron anticuerpo, el 80 por ciento a los 3 años 80 por ciento, y el 96 por ciento a los 10 años de edad. Sólo 9 niños de los 450 tuvieron además anticuerpos IgM contra el virus de la hepatitis A. Se concluye que la prevalencia de HVA en la población que estudiamos es semejante a lo referido hace 13 años en México. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/isolamento & purificação , Hepatovirus/imunologia , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Imunoglobulina G/isolamento & purificação , Imunoglobulina M/isolamento & purificação , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Meckel's diverticulum is a well known disease in children. The main clinical presentations are rectal bleeding and intestinal occlusion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency, main clinical symptoms, signs, complications, localization, histology and diagnosis in a population of mexican children. METHOD: We studied 61 children who were seen at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, during a period of 10 years. The age, sex, symptoms, complications, hematocrit, 99mTc-Pertechnetate scanning, histology, and localization of Meckel's diverticulum were analyzed in all of them. RESULTS: 15 children were female and 46 male (1:3). In infants the main clinical finding was rectal bleeding. Intestinal occlusion was the most common clinical expression in older children. Gastric mucosa was a common finding in the diverticulum of children with rectal bleeding in contrast to ileal mucosa in children with intestinal occlusion. 99mTc-pertechnetate scanning with previous administration of H2 blocking agent was the best diagnostic procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Meckel's diverticulum must be considered an emergency in children. Meckel's diverticulum, has to be ruled cut as in infants with significant bleeding, as well as in children with intestinal occlusion. The best method for diagnosis is 99mTc-pertechnetate scanning.
Assuntos
Divertículo , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Divertículo/complicações , Divertículo/diagnóstico , Divertículo/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Objetive: To assess the frecuency and clinical picture of Hepatoportal Sclerosis in a population of Mexican children of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City. Background: Hepatoportal Sclerosis is a disease of unknown etiology. It's diagnosis is difficut. The main clinical presentation is splenomegaly with or without hematemesis (portal hypertension). Splenoportography and liver histology study are the best procedures for diagnosis and must be performed by experts. Methods: We studied 7/106 children with portal hypertension during a period of 10 years, who were seen at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México city. Inclusion criteria were specifical findings of splenoportography and histologic changes in liver biopsy. Results: We found 7/106 children. The main clinical manifestation were splenomegaly and hematemesis. We did not find any previous history of contact with arsenisc, vinyl chloride or copper sulfate. In 6/7 children a porto-systemic shunt was performed. Only one received propranolol and sclerotheraphy. At the time of this report all children have shown a good clinical course.
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Sistema Porta/patologia , Incidência , México/epidemiologia , Portografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Esclerose/diagnóstico , Esclerose/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objetive: To assess the frecuency and clinical picture of Hepatoportal Sclerosis in a population of Mexican children of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City. Background: Hepatoportal Sclerosis is a disease of unknown etiology. Its diagnosis is difficut. The main clinical presentation is splenomegaly with or without hematemesis (portal hypertension). Splenoportography and liver histology study are the best procedures for diagnosis and must be performed by experts. Methods: We studied 7/106 children with portal hypertension during a period of 10 years, who were seen at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México city. Inclusion criteria were specifical findings of splenoportography and histologic changes in liver biopsy. Results: We found 7/106 children. The main clinical manifestation were splenomegaly and hematemesis. We did not find any previous history of contact with arsenisc, vinyl chloride or copper sulfate. In 6/7 children a porto-systemic shunt was performed. Only one received propranolol and sclerotheraphy. At the time of this report all children have shown a good clinical course. (AU)
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Sistema Porta/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Incidência , México/epidemiologia , Esclerose/diagnóstico , Esclerose/epidemiologia , PortografiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and clinical picture of Hepatoportal Sclerosis in a population of Mexican children of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City. BACKGROUND: Hepatoportal Sclerosis is a disease of unknown etiology. It's diagnosis is difficult. The main clinical presentation is splenomegaly with or without hematemesis (portal hypertension). Splenoportography and liver histology study are the best procedures for diagnosis and must be performed by experts. METHODS: We studied 7/106 children with portal hypertension during a period of 10 years, who were seen at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México city. Inclusion criteria were specific findings of splenoportography and histologic changes in liver biopsy. RESULTS: We found 7/106 children. The main clinical manifestation were splenomegaly and hematemesis. We did not find any previous history of contact with arsenic, vinyl chloride or copper sulfate. In 6/7 children a porto-systemic shunt was performed. Only one received propranolol and sclerotherapy. At the time of this report all children have shown a good clinical course.
Assuntos
Sistema Porta/patologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Portografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Esclerose/diagnóstico , Esclerose/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We studied by ELISA test 450 healthy children looking for IgG and IgM antibodies against virus A hepatitis. 376/450 (86.3%) showed IgG antibodies. 50% of children under one year were positive. At 3 years of age 80% of children from this study were with antibodies IgG and 96% of children at 10 years of age were positive. Only 9 children showed antibodies IgM.
Assuntos
Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Hepatovirus/imunologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hepatite A/sangue , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/isolamento & purificação , Imunoglobulina M/isolamento & purificação , Lactente , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Antecedentes. Diversos esquemas de tratamiento se han utilizado para la eliminación de Helicobacter pylori en niños con gastritis, con diferentes resultados. Objetivo. Evaluar la eliminación de Helicobacter pylori, así como la mejoría clínica en niños con gastritis asociada, cuando se les administró en forma simultánea amoxicilina, ranitidina y subsalicilato de bismuto. Método. Se estudiaron 20 pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Gastroenterología, del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 1992 y junio de 1993. Se incluyeron todos los niños con dolor abdominal recurrene en quienes se identificó Helicobacter pylori en las biopsias de antrogástrico. El tratamiento consistió en la administración simultánea de amoxicilina durante 15 días y ranitidina y subsalicilato de bismuto durante un mes. Resultados. En 14 de 20 niños se logró mejoría clínica así como la eliminación de Helicobacter pylori. Conclusiones. La eliminación de Helicobacter pylori y la mejoría clínica se obtuvieron en el 70 por ciento de los niños, con buena tolerancia al trataiento.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Dor Abdominal/terapia , Biópsia , Tratamento Farmacológico , Úlcera Duodenal , Endoscopia , Gastrite , Helicobacter pyloriRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Different antibiotics, antagonist H2 and others have been used for elimination and/or eradication of Helicobacter pylori. AIMS: Evaluate elimination of Helicobacter pylori with amoxicillin, bismuth subsalicylate and ranitidine; and the improvement of recurrent abdominal pain. METHOD: 20 children with recurrent abdominal pain associated to gastritis and histologic identification of Helicobacter pylori were studied under a period of 18 months (January 1992 to June 1993), at Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México, D.F. All children were treated simultaneously with: Amoxicillin, 15 days, plus ranitidine and bismuth subsalicylate for one month. RESULTS: Helicobacter pylori was eliminated in 14 of 20 children studied. All these children had an important improvement of recurrent abdominal pain. CONCLUSION: Elimination of Helicobacter pylori and clinical improvement was present in 14 of 20 children studied (70%).
Assuntos
Dor Abdominal/tratamento farmacológico , Amoxicilina/administração & dosagem , Antiulcerosos/administração & dosagem , Bismuto/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Organometálicos/administração & dosagem , Penicilinas/administração & dosagem , Ranitidina/administração & dosagem , Salicilatos/administração & dosagem , Amoxicilina/farmacologia , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Bismuto/farmacologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Compostos Organometálicos/farmacologia , Penicilinas/farmacologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Ranitidina/farmacologia , Recidiva , Salicilatos/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Shwachman syndrome has been recognized as the second most frequent cause of pancreatic insufficiency in children and its is related to hematological and bony abnormalities. AIMS: To know the main clinical symptoms, analytical data, radiological and sonographic findings in the Shwachman syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present a 1 year 4 months old girl with Shwachman syndrome. We reviewed the clinical history taking into consideration height/weight relationship according to percentiles and physical examination. Analytical data: blood counts, fetal hemoglobin, vitamin B12 and folate levels, bone marrow examination, stool cultures and examination for ova and parasites, transaminase levels, sweat electrolytes, serologic tests for viral hepatitis. Radiological studies: bone series and bone age, abdominal sonography and computed tomography. Liver and intestinal biopsies. RESULTS: In this patient we confirmed the presence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, dysfunction of the bone marrow and bony abnormalities typical in Shwachman syndrome.
Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/anormalidades , Insuficiência Pancreática Exócrina/complicações , Neutropenia/complicações , Osso e Ossos/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Pancreática Exócrina/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Pancreática Exócrina/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Neutropenia/diagnóstico , Síndrome , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Elimination of Helicobacter pylori with Chlaritromicin, Bismuth subsalicylate and Ranitidine; and improvement of recurrent abdominal pain. ANTECEDENT: Different antibiotics, antagonist H2 and others has been used for elimination and, or eradication of Helicobacter pylori. METHOD: 22 children with recurrent abdominal pain associated to gastritis and histologic identification of Helicobacter pylori were studied under a period of 18 months (january 1992 to june 1993), at Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México, D:F: All children were treated simultaneously with: Chlaritromicin, 15 days, Plus ranitidine and bismuth subsalicylate for one month. RESULTS: Helicobacter pylori was eliminate in 14 of 22 children studied. All these children had an important improvement of recurrent abdominal pain. CONCLUSION: Elimination of Helicobacter pylori and clinical improvement was present in 14 of 22 children studied (63.7%).
Assuntos
Dor Abdominal/microbiologia , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Bismuto/farmacologia , Claritromicina/farmacologia , Gastrite/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas dos Receptores H2 da Histamina/farmacologia , Ranitidina/farmacologia , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Bismuto/uso terapêutico , Criança , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Gastrite/microbiologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores H2 da Histamina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Ranitidina/uso terapêutico , RecidivaRESUMO
We studied 450 healthy children between 3 months old and 17 years old who were seen at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría during a period of one year (September 1992 June 1993). The EUSA test was positive in 4/450, 0.9%. The RIBA test was positive in these four children.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/imunologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
We studied 100 healthy children looking for lactose malabsortion. We performed in all of them the lactose breath test. We found a 10% with lactose malabsortion. There was no correlation between lactose breath test and fecal reducing substances.
Assuntos
Intolerância à Lactose/diagnóstico , Intolerância à Lactose/epidemiologia , Prótons , Carboidratos/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Fezes/química , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lactente , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , RespiraçãoRESUMO
Se estudiaron 100 niños sanos, para determinar si presentaban o no absorción intestinal deficiente de lactosa (AIDL), por medio de la prueba de iones hidrógeno en el aire espirado, que asistieron a la consulta externa del servicio de Gastroenterología del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría de la ciudad de México durante el lapso comprendido entre noviembre de 1993 y febrero de 1994. La prevalencia de AIDL encontrada en este estudio fue del 10 por ciento. No existió una asociación estadisticamente significativa entre la prueba de iones hidrógenos y la determinación de pH y azúcares reductores en heces para el diagnóstico de AIDL.
Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Feminino , Humanos , Intolerância à Lactose/diagnóstico , Intolerância à Lactose/epidemiologia , Prótons , Carboidratos/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Fezes/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Estudos Longitudinais , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluar la eliminación de Helicobacter pylori, así como la mejoría clínica en niños con gastritis asociada; cuando se les administró en forma simult nea claritromicina, ranitidina y subsalicilato de bismuto. Antecedentes: Diversos esquemas de tratamiento se han utilizado para la eliminación de Helicobacter pylori en niños con gastritis, con diferentes resultados. Método: Se estudiaron 22 pacientes que acudieron al servicio de Gastroenterología, del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, durante el período comprendido entre enero de 1992 y junio de 1993. Se incluyeron todos los niños con dolor abdominal recurrente en quienes se identificó Helicobacter pylori en las biopsias de antro g strico. El tratamiento consistió en la administración simult nea de claritromicina durante 15 días y ranitidina y subsalicilato de bismuto durante un mes. Resultados: en 14 de 22 niños se logró mejoría clínica, así como la eliminación de Helicobacter pylori. Conclusiones: La eliminación de Helicobacter pylori y la mejoría clínica se obtuvieron en el 63.7 por ciento de los niños, con buena tolerancia al tratamiento.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Dor Abdominal/microbiologia , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Bismuto/farmacologia , Claritromicina/farmacologia , Gastrite/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas dos Receptores H2 da Histamina/farmacologia , Ranitidina/farmacologia , Bismuto/uso terapêutico , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Gastrite/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Prospectivos , Ranitidina/uso terapêutico , Recidiva , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Se estudiaron 100 niños sanos, para determinar si presentaban o no absorción intestinal deficiente de lactosa (AIDL), por medio de la prueba de iones hidrógeno en el aire espirado, que asistieron a la consulta externa del servicio de Gastroenterología del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría de la ciudad de México durante el lapso comprendido entre noviembre de 1993 y febrero de 1994. La prevalencia de AIDL encontrada en este estudio fue del 10 por ciento. No existió una asociación estadisticamente significativa entre la prueba de iones hidrógenos y la determinación de pH y azúcares reductores en heces para el diagnóstico de AIDL. (AU)