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Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel del cumplimiento de la hoja de registros clínicos de enfermería de una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en México. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal, en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital en San Luis Potosí, México, en diciembre 2020-enero 2021. Se utilizó una muestra de 150 hojas de registro clínicos de enfermería, evaluando los 40 estándares básicos del reg-istro, con el instrumento "Cedula para evaluar la eficacia de la práctica de enfermería" de la Comisión Nacional de Arbitraje Médico en México; seguidamente los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva en el programa SPSS, versión 18. Se siguieron las recomenda-ciones de la Declaración de Helsinki y los principios éticos de confidencialidad que establece la institución. Resultados: Se identifica un nivel de cumplimiento deficiente de estándares, donde: 2 estándares cumplen parcialmente, 23 totalmente, 11 no cumplen con lo que esta-blece la Comisión Nacional de Arbitraje Médico, y 4 que el formato no contiene, se anexan al mismo por el personal de enfermería, a través de estadística descriptiva. Igualmente, se realizó un análisis estadístico, donde se obtuvo como moda y mediana del cumplimiento gen-eral el 100%, y una media de cumplimiento de 67.26%. Conclusiones: Al encontrar un nivel deficiente de cumplimiento de estándares se construye una propuesta de nuevo formato para la institución de salud, que logre dar cumplimiento total con los elementos establecidos en la Norma Oficial Mexicana 004-SSA3-2012, del Expediente Clínico y la Comisión Nacional de Arbitraje Médico.

Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de cumprimento das anotações de enfermagem nos prontuários de pacientes de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva no México. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, numa Unidade de Terapia Intensiva num hospital em San Luis Potosí, Mexico, entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. Usou-se uma amostra de 150 folhas de anotações clínicas de enfermagem, avaliando os 40 padrões básicos de registro, com o instrumento "Cartão para avaliar a eficácia da prática de enfermagem-CERCE" da Comissão Nacional de Arbitragem Médica em México; posteriormente os dados foram analisados usando o programa SPSS, versão 18. Seguiram-se as recomendações da Declaração de Helsinki e os princípios de confidencialidade estabelecidos pelo hospital. Resultados: identificou-se um nível de cumprimento deficiente de padrões, onde: 2 padrões cumprem parcialmente, 23 totalmente e 11 não cumprem os requerimentos estabelecidos pela Comissão Nacional de Arbitragem Médica, 4 que o instrumento não contem, são anexados pelo pessoal de enfermagem usando estatística descritiva. Igualmente a analise estatística mostrou que a moda e mediana do cumprimento geral foi do 100% e uma media de 67,26%. Conclusão: ao identificar a deficiência no cumprimento de padrões se constrói a proposta de um novo formato para o hospital, que consiga cumprir totalmente os critérios estabelecidos na Norma Oficial Mexicana 004-SSA3-2012, do prontuário clínico e a Comissão de Arbitragem Médica.

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Abstract The objective of this work is to reflect on the objects and approaches usually employed in the evaluation of pharmaceutical care and their potential applicability in primary care settings. We conducted the review of the literature, and, to exemplify the advantages of expanding these objects and approaches, a real-world problem situation was selected: morbidity and mortality related to lack of treatment adherence by hypertensive patients in Brazilian primary health care services. Our reflections highlight the need to evaluate the effects of interventions, understood within Donabedian's normative model as 'outcomes,' which can be clinical, humanistic, or economic. Our findings show that most published studies, even those that set out to report outcomes, actually evaluate processes, such as number of visits, number of problems identified, types of problems, or acts of the practice performed by pharmacists. On the other hand, we also identify a need for study designs and indicators to enable 'finer' normative assessment. We also discuss the importance of shifting research toward an evaluative paradigm to allow strategic, logic, effects, production, efficiency, and implementation analyses. Finally, we suggest some possible indicators to evaluate pharmaceutical care interventions in the selected problem situation, through an extension of the objects and approaches proposed.

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En esta segunda parte del estudio sobre las políticas del gobierno para el incremento de la inclusión a la educación universitaria (EU), especialmente para el sector salud, quisimos hacer el análisis descriptivo y comparativo en las cuatro Zonas Económicas Especiales (ZEE) que ha creado el presidente Nicolás Maduro en su primera gestión, recordando que la primera parte las estudiamos a escala nacional. En esta oportunidad, realizamos el estudio con similares parámetros académicos, enfocados al área de las Ciencias de la Salud. Es decir, la demanda de cupos universitarios por parte del estudiantado, la oferta de plazas por las Instituciones de Educación Universitaria (IEU) y la asignación de cupos por el Sistema Nacional de Ingreso (SNI). Sin embargo, la matrícula y los valores de egresados de las IEU se estudiaron en tres periodos diferentes: Los tres últimos años de la presidencia de Rafael Caldera (1996-1998); los tres últimos años del presidente Hugo Chávez (2010-2012) y los cuatro primeros años de la primera gestión del presidente Nicolás Maduro (2013-2016). Finalmente, se investigó sobre los proyectos académicos aprobados por el CNU que han introducido las IEU de gestión pública de las ZEE desde 2006 hasta el 2013. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que los primeros años de la revolución se ha logrado incrementar notablemente los valores de todos estos parámetros, indicando el aumento de la inclusión a la EU en las regiones, pero existen deficiencias notables sobre la oferta académica, algunas veces divorciadas de la realidad circundante de la ZEE, la demanda no satisfecha aún y los pocos proyectos académicos aprobados por el CNU

In this second part of the study on government policies for increasing inclusion in university education (EU), especially for the health sector, we wanted to do a descriptive and comparative analysis in the four Special Economic Zones (EEZ) that it has created President Nicolás Maduro in his first term, remembering that we studied the first part on a national scale. In this opportunity, we carried out the study with similar academic parameters, focused on the area of Health Sciences. That is, the demand for university quotas by the student body, the offer of places by the University Education Institutions (IEU) and the allocation of quotas by the National Income System (SNI). However, the enrollment and values of IEU graduates were studied in three different periods: The last three years of Rafael Caldera's presidency (1996-1998); the last three years of President Hugo Chávez (2010-2012) and the first four years of President Nicolás Maduro's first term (2013-2016). Finally, research was carried out on the academic projects approved by the CNU that have been introduced by the UIS of public management of the EEZs from 2006 to 2013. The results obtained show that the first years of the revolution have managed to significantly increase the values of all these parameters, indicating the increase of the inclusion to the EU in the regions, but there are notable deficiencies in the academic offer, sometimes divorced from the surrounding reality of the ZEE, the demand not yet satisfied and the few academic projects approved by the CNU

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A partir del gobierno de Hugo Chávez, la salud y la educación se convirtieron en derechos consagrados en la Constitución de 1999, por lo cual, las políticas públicas se aplicaron desde el principio para que no fuera letra muerta y saldar la deuda social que dejaron los gobiernos neoliberales de la IV República. Es por ello que una de las acciones, entre otras, que se ejecutaron para impulsar la inclusión a la educación universitaria (EU) fue el de crear el Sistema Nacional de Ingreso (SNI), hecho que ocurrió en el 2008 en el CNU, y posteriormente se ratificó y modificó en el 2014. Con el fin de estudiar los efectos de tales políticas, en esta primera parte del trabajo, se enfocó como ha sido la inclusión a las instituciones de educación universitaria (IEU) a nivel nacional, especialmente en el área de las Ciencias de la Salud, mediante un análisis descriptivo y comparativo de los parámetros académicos: Demanda, oferta académica y asignación de cupos por las IEU; la matrícula universitaria y el número de egresados durante los últimos 20 años; así como la inversión financiera por Estado a la EU. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan el incremento de la inclusión a la EU por las mayorías del país, logrando la formación del talento humano para el sector salud, en el cual hay muchas necesidades. A pesar de estos esfuerzos, aún existen problemas serios sobre el proceso de inclusión y la cobertura de la oferta académica.

From the Hugo Chávez government, health and education became rights enshrined in the 1999 Constitution, therefore, public policies were applied from the beginning so that it was not a dead letter and to pay the social debt left by the neoliberal governments of the IV Republic. That is why one of the actions, among others, that were carried out to promote inclusion in university education (EU) was to create the National Income System (SNI), a fact that occurred in 2008 at the CNU, and later it was ratified and modified in 2014. In order to study the effects of such policies, in this first part of the work the focus was on the inclusion of university education institutions (IEU) at the national level, especially in the area of the Health Sciences, by means of a descriptive and comparative analysis of the academic parameters: Demand, academic supply and allocation of quotas by the SNI; university enrollment and the number of graduates during the last 20 years; as well as the financial investment by State to the EU. The results obtained reflect the increase in inclusion in the EU by the majority of the country, achieving the training of human talent for the health sector, in which there are many needs. Despite these efforts, there are still serious problems regarding the inclusion process and the coverage of the academic offer

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Among defensive behaviors, tonic immobility (TI) is considered the last defensive resort when life is at extreme risk. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the main psychiatric consequence resulting from exposure to traumatic events. Increasing evidence indicate an association between peritraumatic tonic immobilility and severity of PTSD. Cardiac defense response, a reactivity to perceived danger or threat, has been studied by recording heart rate changes that follows the presentation of an unpredictable intense auditory aversive stimulus. The aim of this study was to investigate potential distinctiveness in cardiac defense response among PTSD patients who presented - compared to those that did not - TI reaction in the laboratory setting. Patients (N = 17) completed the TI questionnaire for signs of immobility elicited by passive listening to their autobiographical trauma script. After a while, they were exposed to an intense white noise, while electrocardiogram was recorded. The heart rate during the 80 s after the noise, subtracted from baseline, was analyzed. Higher reports of TI to the trauma script were associated with stronger and sustained heart rate accelerations after the noise. The effects on cardiac defense response add to increasing evidence that some PTSD patients are prone to repeated re-experiences of TI, which may implicate in a potentially distinct pathophysiology and even a new PTSD subtype.

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This paper presents a new approach to reduce the measurement time by the prediction of the steady-state using the transient response to ethanol for quartz crystal microbalance gas sensors coated with ethyl cellulose. The experimentally measured response curves were successively fitted using a mathematical model based on the sum of two exponentials with different time constants. The parameters of the model were determined, and the time constants and the magnitude of the steady-state response were analyzed. Even though the time constants did not stabilize well, the parameter corresponding to the magnitude of the steady-state response quickly converged and stabilized after 37 s. Moreover, this calculated parameter was highly correlated with the measured values of the steady-state response, which was measured at five times the longest time constant (83 s) of the model. Therefore, the steady-state response could be predicted with a 55% reduction in the measurement (detection) time.

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The polarization of macrophages M0 to M1 or M2 using molecules embedded in matrices and hydrogels is an active field of study. The design of biomaterials capable of promoting polarization has become a paramount need nowadays, since in the healing process macrophages M1 and M2 modulate the inflammatory response. In this work, several immunocytochemistry and ELISA tests strongly suggest the achievement of polarization using collagen-based membranes crosslinked with tri-functionalized oligourethanes and coated with silica. Measuring the amount of TGF-ß1 secreted to culture media by macrophages growth on these materials, and quantifying the macrophage morphology, it is proved that it is possible to stimulate the anti-inflammatory pathway toward M2, having measurements with p ≤ 0.05 of statistical significance between the control and the collagen-based membranes. Furthermore, some physicochemical characteristics of the hybrid materials are tested envisaging future applications: collagenase degradation resistance, water uptake, collagen fiber diameter, and deformation resistance are increased for all the crosslinked biomaterials. It is considered that the biological and physicochemical properties make the material suitable for the modulation of the inflammatory response in the chronic wounds and promising for in vivo studies.

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Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) has been widely applied in South America within the last 20 years for the genetic improvement of commercial beef herds. Most FTAI treatments for beef cattle used in South America are based on the use of progesterone (P4) releasing devices and estradiol to synchronize follicle wave emergence, with pregnancies per AI (P/AI) ranging from 40 to 60%. More recent protocols focusing on extending the interval from device removal to FTAI (i.e. increasing the growing period of the ovulatory follicle) have been reported to improve P/AI in beef cattle. These new protocols and the more traditional FTAI protocols have also been adapted for use with sexed-sorted semen with acceptable P/AI in beef cattle. Finally, color-flow Doppler ultrasonography has been incorporated recently to determine the vascularity of the CL and thereby detect pregnancy as early as Day 22 after the first AI for re- synchronization of ovulation for a second FTAI in non- pregnant animals. In summary, FTAI protocols have facilitated the widespread application of AI in South American beef cattle by allowing for the insemination and re-insemination of herds during a defined breeding season, without the necessity of clean up bulls to achieve high pregnancy rates.

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Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) has been widely applied in South America within the last 20 years for the genetic improvement of commercial beef herds. Most FTAI treatments for beef cattle used in South America are based on the use of progesterone (P4) releasing devices and estradiol to synchronize follicle wave emergence, with pregnancies per AI (P/AI) ranging from 40 to 60%. More recent protocols focusing on extending the interval from device removal to FTAI (i.e. increasing the growing period of the ovulatory follicle) have been reported to improve P/AI in beef cattle. These new protocols and the more traditional FTAI protocols have also been adapted for use with sexed-sorted semen with acceptable P/AI in beef cattle. Finally, color-flow Doppler ultrasonography has been incorporated recently to determine the vascularity of the CL and thereby detect pregnancy as early as Day 22 after the first AI for resynchronization of ovulation for a second FTAI in nonpregnant animals. In summary, FTAI protocols have facilitated the widespread application of AI in South American beef cattle by allowing for the insemination and re-insemination of herds during a defined breeding season, without the necessity of clean up bulls to achieve high pregnancy rates.(AU)

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Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) has been widely applied in South America within the last 20 years for the genetic improvement of commercial beef herds. Most FTAI treatments for beef cattle used in South America are based on the use of progesterone (P4) releasing devices and estradiol to synchronize follicle wave emergence, with pregnancies per AI (P/AI) ranging from 40 to 60%. More recent protocols focusing on extending the interval from device removal to FTAI (i.e. increasing the growing period of the ovulatory follicle) have been reported to improve P/AI in beef cattle. These new protocols and the more traditional FTAI protocols have also been adapted for use with sexed-sorted semen with acceptable P/AI in beef cattle. Finally, color-flow Doppler ultrasonography has been incorporated recently to determine the vascularity of the CL and thereby detect pregnancy as early as Day 22 after the first AI for resynchronization of ovulation for a second FTAI in nonpregnant animals. In summary, FTAI protocols have facilitated the widespread application of AI in South American beef cattle by allowing for the insemination and re-insemination of herds during a defined breeding season, without the necessity of clean up bulls to achieve high pregnancy rates.

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OBJECTIVE: Screening of psychopathology and associated factors in medical students employing an electronic self-report survey. METHOD: A transversal, observational, and comparative study that consisted of the following instruments: Sociodemographic survey; 2. Adult Self-Report Scale-V1 (ASRS); State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); Zung and Conde Self-Rating Depression Scale, Almonte-Herskovic Sexual Orientation Self-Report; Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Identification (AUDIT); Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; 9. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI); Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI). RESULTS: We gathered 323 student surveys from medical students of the first, third and sixth grades. The three more prevalent disorders were depression (24%), attention deficit disorders with hyperactivity (28%) and anxiety (13%); the prevalence of high-level burnout syndrome was 13%. Also, the fifth part of the students had detrimental use of tobacco and alcohol. CONCLUSION: Sixty percent of medical students had either one or more probable disorder or burnout. An adequate screening and treatment of this population could prevent severe mental disorders and the associated factors could help us to create a risk profile. This model is an efficient research tool for screening and secondary prevention.

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The extracellular matrix molecules remaining in bioscaffolds derived from decellularized xenogeneic tissues appear to be important for inducing cell functions conducting tissue regeneration. Here, we studied whether decellularization methods, that is, detergent Triton X-100 (TX) alone and TX combined with reversible alkaline swelling (STX), applied to bovine pericardial tissue, could affect the bioscaffold components. The in vitro macrophage response, subdermal biodegradation, and cell infiltration were also studied. The results indicate a lower leaching of fibronectin, but a higher leaching of laminin and sulfated glycosaminoglycans from tissues decellularized with STX and TX, respectively. The in vitro secretion of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein by RAW264.7 macrophages is promoted by decellularized bioscaffold leachates. A lower polymorphonuclear cell density is observed around decellularized bioscaffolds at 1-day implantation; concurrently showing a higher cell infiltration in STX- than in TX-implant. Cells infiltrated into TX-implant show a fibroblastic morphology at 7-day implantation, concurrently the capillary formation is observed at 14-day. Pericardial bioscaffolds suffer biodegradation more pronounced in STX- than in TX-implant. Both TX and STX decellularization methods favor a high leaching of basal lamina components, which presumably promotes a faster macrophage stimulation compared to nondecellularized tissue, and appear to be associated with an increased host cell infiltration in a rat subdermal implantation. Meanwhile, the connective tissue components leaching from TX decellularized bioscaffolds, unlike the STX ones, appear to be associated with an enhanced angiogenesis accompanied by an early-promoted fibroblastic cell transition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2810-2822, 2016.

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This paper reports a new method to modify hydrogels derived from the acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) and consequently to improve their properties. The method is comprised of the combination of liquid precursors derived from hydrolyzed acellular small intestinal submucosa (hECM) and water-soluble oligourethanes that bear protected isocyanate groups, synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The results demonstrate that the reactivity of oligourethanes, along with their water solubility, properly induce simultaneously the polymerization of type I collagen and its crosslinking. The polymerization rate and the gel network parameters such as fiber diameter, porosity, crosslinking degree, mechanics, swelling, in vitro degradation and cell proliferation, keep a direct relationship with the oligourethane concentration. Consequently, the hybrid hydrogels formulated with 15 wt.% of oligourethane exhibit enhanced storage modulus and degradation resistance, while maintaining the cell viability and impeding the fibroblast-induced contraction in comparison with the hECM hydrogels without oligourethanes. Therefore, this method is adequate to prepare novel hydrogels where the adjustment of the crosslinking degree controls the materials structure and their properties. This new method offers advantages for regulating the features of ECM-derived templates, thereby extending their possibilities for tissue engineering (TE) applications.

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This paper reports the structure-property relationship of novel biomedical hydrogels derived from collagen, water-soluble oligourethanes, and silica. The molecular weight (MW) of oligourethanes, synthesized from polyoxyethylene diol and hexamethylene, l-lysine, isophorone or trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanates (P(HDI), P(LDI), P(IPDI) and P(TMDI), respectively), is determined by the chemical structure of the starting aliphatic diisocyanate. Thus, the collagen polymerization process and both the characteristics and mechanics of the formed three-dimensional (3D) network had a direct relation with the oligourethane MW. The crosslinking of collagen with oligourethanes was compatible with orthosilicate polycondensation to deposit silica particles on the fibrillar 3D network. A higher crosslinking index was found in hydrogels formulated with P(HDI) and P(LDI) in comparison with P(TMDI) and P(IPDI). In spite of similar crosslinking extensions, P(LDI) induced an enhanced water uptake and enhanced susceptibility to degradation, contrary to the impact of P(HDI). Fibroblasts and macrophages cultured for 3 days on hydrogels formulated with P(LDI) showed a metabolic activity similar to collagen only hydrogels. However, we observed the highest cell metabolic activity on hydrogels formulated with P(LDI) after 7 day culture. After this time lapse, an enhanced secretion of chemoattractant cytokines transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-ß1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL-2) was noted in macrophages cultured on hydrogels crosslinked with P(LDI). These tunable composite collagen hydrogels might be excellent candidates for holding and releasing bioactive molecules and nanomaterials intended to regulate cell behavior via their constituents and properties.

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This paper describes the preparation and characterization of water-soluble urethane oligomers bearing protected isocyanate groups. It also points out its ability to crosslink decellularized pericardium, as a model collagen scaffold, and to adjust their structural characteristics. A library of oligourethanes was synthesized by varying the molecular weight (Mw 400, 600, 1000 or 2000 g mol-1) of the poly(ethylene glycol) and the type of aliphatic diisocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate/IPDI or hexamethylene diisocyanate/HDI). 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR and mass spectrometry demonstrated that the crosslinkers are composed of chains with carbamoylsulfonate end groups that have trimeric and pentameric oligourethanes, and monomeric diisocyanate. The degree of crosslinking and hence the in vitro degradation susceptibility of the decellularized pericardium were inversely related to the Mw of the oligourethanes. The toxicity of the extractable products from oligourethane-collagen materials toward fibroblasts and macrophages was found to be lower for the crosslinker derived from IPDI than for those derived from HDI. On the other hand, the resistance to collagenase or oxidative degradation of the bovine pericardium crosslinked with HDI/oligourethane was higher than the one prepared with IPDI/oligourethane. As the Mw of the oligomers regulates the degree of crosslinking while the chemical composition influences the cytocompatibility and biodegradation of decellularized pericardium, these urethane oligomers can be used as safer crosslinkers for other protein-based biomaterials.

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Se realizó un estudio para comparar el rendimiento del cultivo con el examen directo y la sedimentación espontánea en el diagnóstico de Blastocystis sp. Para el cultivo de Blastocystis sp. se utilizó una modificación del medio de Boeck y Drbohlav. Se emplearon 100 muestras fecales procedentes de habitantes de la comunidad indígena Itopoicon, municipio Heres, estado Bolívar. De las 100 muestras cultivadas y sometidas a examen directo y sedimentación espontánea, en 90 se diagnosticó Blastocystis sp. De ellas, 83 resultaron positivas en el cultivo; mientras que 60 fueron positivas en el examen directo y 57 en la sedimentación espontánea. En conclusión, el cultivo presentó un mayor rendimiento (83%) que el examen directo (60%) y la sedimentación espontánea (57%) en el diagnóstico de Blastocystis sp.

A study for comparing the yield of cultures by direct examination and by spontaneous sedimentation for the diagnosis of Blastocystis sp. was carried out. Blastocystis sp. was cultured in a modification of the Boeck and Drbohlav medium. The material used corresponded to 100 fecal samples from inhabitants of the Itopoicon indigenous community, Heres municipality, Bolivar State. Of the 100 samples cultured and submitted to direct examination and spontaneous sedimentation, 90 gave a diagnosis of Blastocystis sp. Of these 90, 83 were positive in culture, while 60 were positive at direct examination, and 57 in spontaneous sedimentation. In conclusion, culture showed a higher yield (83%), than direct examination (60%) and spontaneous sedimentation (57%), for the diagnosis of Blastocystis sp.

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Las resecciones oncológicas del tercio medio de la cara y órbita causan significativos defectos funcionales como el habla, deglución, masticación y estéticos, así como un alto nivel de trauma psicológico y físico para el paciente y sus familiares. Actualmente, los colgajos libres brindan una excelente opción reconstructiva, pero que requiere de instituciones especializadas en el área, con un recurso humano multidisciplinario así como equipos y materiales costosos que hacen difícil su ejecución. Nos proponemos evaluar la utilidad del colgajo pediculado miofascial temporal como alternativa reconstructiva en el cierre de fístulas oro-antrales y oro-nasales generadas en cirugías de senos paranasales que requieren de algún tipo de resección del componente horizontal. De un total de 43 maxilectomías realizadas en el servicio de cabeza y cuello del IOLR entre enero 2008 - diciembre 2011; 17 pacientes fueron sometidos al procedimiento de reconstrucción con colgajo miofascial temporal siguiendo los criterios de inclusión; se utilizaron dos tipos de análisis estadísticos, el primero descriptivo donde se calculan medidas de posición; el segundo un análisis de significación o validación estadística basados en la distribución t-Student; todos los contrastes de hipótesis se realizarón con un a=0,05 es decir una confianza del 95%. De los 17 pacientes evaluados, solo 4 (23,5%) de ellos presentaron dehiscencias. El colgajo pediculado miofascial temporal es una herramienta útil y eficaz para la reconstrucción del componente horizontal en maxilectomías independientemente de la extensión de la resección.

Oncological resections of the middle third of the face and orbit cause significant functional speech, swallowing, chewing and aesthetic defects, as well as a high level ofphysical and psychological trauma for the patient and their families. Currently, free flaps have provided an excellent reconstructive option, but it requires specialized institutions in the area, with a multidisciplinary human resource aswell as equipment and expensive materials that make it difficult for their implementation. We intend to evaluate the usefulness of the flap pediculated temporal myofascial as reconstructive alternative closure of fistulae oro-antrales and oro-nasales generated in surgery of par nasal sinuses that require some sort of resection of the horizontal component. Of a total of 43 maxillectomy made in the head and neck of the IOLR service between January 2008 - December 2011; 17 patients were subjected to the procedure of temporary myofascial flap reconstruction following the inclusion criteria; We used two types of statistical analysis, the first descriptive where are calculated measures of position; the second an analysis of significance or statistical validation based on the distribution of t-Student; all the contrasts of hypothesis will be done witha a= 0.05 is a 95% confidence. Of 17 patients evaluated, only 4 (23.5%) of them presented dehiscences. The pediculated temporal myofascial flap is a useful and effective tool for the reconstruction of the horizontal component in maxillectomy regardless of the extent of resection.

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The present study investigates the potential use of non-catalyzed water-soluble blocked polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) as a bifunctional cross-linker for collagenous scaffolds. The effect of concentration (5, 10, 15 and 20%), time (4, 6, 12 and 24 h), medium volume (50, 100, 200 and 300%) and pH (7.4, 8.2, 9 and 10) over stability, microstructure and tensile mechanical behavior of acellular pericardial matrix was studied. The cross-linking index increased up to 81% while the denaturation temperature increased up to 12 °C after PUP crosslinking. PUP-treated scaffold resisted the collagenase degradation (0.167±0.14 mmol/g of liberated amine groups vs. 598±60 mmol/g for non-cross-linked matrix). The collagen fiber network was coated with PUP while viscoelastic properties were altered after cross-linking. The treatment of the pericardial scaffold with PUP allows (i) different densities of cross-linking depending of the process parameters and (ii) tensile properties similar to glutaraldehyde method.

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