RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of red laser (660 nm) photobiomodulation (PBM) with different energies on tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) expression for random skin flap viability in rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham group (SG), PBM laser group with an energy dose of 0.29 J (0.29G), and PBM laser group with an energy dose of 7.30 J (7.30G). A cranially based dorsal skin flap measuring 10 × 4 cm was raised and a plastic barrier was placed between the flap and its bed. PBM was applied in 3 timepoints: in the immediate postoperative period, in the 1st and in the 2nd postoperative days; the animals were euthanized on the 7th postoperative day. The assessments included: TNF-α expression of 3 different flap areas (proximal, medial and distal), by immunohistochemistry; percentage of skin flap necrosis area, by the paper template method. The statistical analysis was performed through the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, the level of significance adopted was 5% (p < 0.05). TNF-α expression was significantly lower for 7.30G in the proximal area, reduced for SG in the medial point, and larger for 7.30G in the distal area. The percentage of flap necrosis area was significantly reduced for 7.30G. Higher energy doses are more efficacious than lower energy doses for modulating TNF-α expression. PBM with an energy dose of 7.30 J was effective in reducing the expression of TNF-α and increase skin flap viability.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate and correlate balance and thoracic hyperkyphosis in sedentary elderly people. Methods: 61 elderly, 14 men and 47 women, mean age of 78.03 ± 9.34, mean weight of 67.80 kg ± 12.82, and mean height of 1.58 m ± 0.09. Balance assessment was performed using the Berg Balance Scale, Romberg Test, and Functional Reach Test, and the Flexicurve method was used to detect thoracic hyperkyphosis. The correlation between the variables was performed using the Bivariate correlation test. Results: The values obtained in the tests were: Flexicurve (65.73º ± 10.57), Berg Balance Scale (44.05 points ± 7.58), Functional Reach Test (16.29 cm ± 6.36), and Romberg Test (89% positive, 11% negative). There was no correlation between the Flexicurve method and the Berg Balance Scale (r = -0.22, p = 0.08); with the Romberg Test (r = -0.08, p = 0.52); and the Functional Range Test (r = 0.13 p = 0.31). Conclusion: Thoracic hyperkyphosis did not influence the balance variables in the elderly sample studied. Level of evidence I; Diagnostic studies - Investigation of a diagnostic test - Test of previously developed diagnostic criteria in consecutive patients (with "gold" reference standard applied).

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar e correlacionar o equilíbrio e a hipercifose torácica de idosos sedentários. Métodos: 61 idosos, 14 homens e 47 mulheres, média de idade de 78,03 ± 9,34, peso médio de 67,80 kg ± 12,82 e altura média de 1,58 m ± 0,09. A avaliação do equilíbrio foi realizada pela Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg, Teste de Romberg e Teste de Alcance Funcional e para a detecção de hipercifose torácica foi utilizado o método Flexicurva. A correlação entre as variáveis se deu pelo teste de correlação Bivariada. Resultados: Os valores obtidos nos testes foram: Flexicurva (65,73º ± 10,57), Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (44,14 pontos ± 7,72), Teste de Alcance Funcional (16,29 cm ± 6,36) e Teste de Romberg (89% positivo, 11% negativo). Não houve correlação do método Flexicurva com a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (r = -0,22, p = 0,08); com o Teste de Romberg (r = -0,08, p = 0,52); e com o Teste de Alcance Funcional (r = 0,13 p = 0,31). Conclusão: A hipercifose torácica não gerou influência sobre as variáveis de equilíbrio na amostra de idosos estudada. Nível de evidência I; Estudos diagnósticos - Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico - Teste de critérios diagnósticos desenvolvidos anteriormente em pacientes consecutivos (com padrão de referência "ouro" aplicado).

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Evaluar y correlacionar el equilibrio y la hipercifosis torácica en ancianos sedentarios. Métodos: 61 ancianos, 14 hombres y 47 mujeres, edad media 78,03 ± 9,34, peso medio 67,80 kg ± 12,82 y altura media 1,58 m ± 0,09. La evaluación del equilibrio se realizó mediante la Escala de Equilibrio de Berg, el Test de Romberg y el Test de Alcance Funcional, y para la detección de hipercifosis torácica se utilizó el método Flexicurvo. La correlación entre las variables se realizó mediante la prueba de correlación Bivariada. Resultados: Los valores obtenidos en las pruebas fueron: Flexicurvo (65, 73º ± 10,57), Escala de Equilibrio de Berg (44,05 puntos ± 7,58), Test de Alcance Funcional (16,29 cm ± 6,36) y Test de Romberg (89% positivo, 11% negativo). No hubo correlación entre el método Flexicurvo y la Escala de Equilibrio de Berg (r = -0,22, p = 0,08); con el Test de Romberg (r = -0.08, p = 0.52); y con el Test de Alcance Funcional (r = 0,13 p = 0,31). Conclusión: La hipercifosis torácica no influyó en las variables del equilibrio en la muestra de ancianos estudiada. Nivel de evidencia: I; Estudios diagnósticos - Investigación de una prueba diagnóstica - Prueba de criterios diagnósticos previamente desarrollados en pacientes consecutivos (con la aplicación del estándar "oro").

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective To correlate chronic low back pain with female sexual function. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Thirty-two women aged between 18 and 44 years old, with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 kg/m2 and 29.9 kg/m2, with a medical diagnosis of chronic low back pain and sexually active in the last six months were selected. The patients underwent a physical therapy evaluation and responded to two questionnaires: the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Female Sexual Quotient (QS-F). Pearson's correlation test was used to assess the impact of chronic low back pain on sexual activity. Results The mean age was 30.31 years old (±.7.10) and the mean BMI was 24.54 Kg/m2 (±3.06). The mean Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire score was 5.2 ( ± 3.28), indicating that the patients did not have significant disability. The mean QS-F score was 60.37 (±14.48), classified as "unfavorable to normal". The correlation test showed a low correlation between chronic low back pain and female sexual function (r = 0.027). Conclusion There was a low correlation between chronic low back pain and female sexual function in the study population, but the moderate correlation between the "comfort" domain and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire score was significant. Level of evidence II ; Cross-sectional clinical study.

RESUMO Objetivo Correlacionar a lombalgia crônica com a função sexual feminina. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Foram selecionadas 32 mulheres com faixa etária entre 18 e 44 anos, com Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) entre 18,5 kg/m2 e 29,9 kg/m2, diagnóstico médico de lombalgia crônica e sexualmente ativas nos últimos seis meses. As pacientes foram submetidas a uma única avaliação fisioterapêutica e responderam a dois instrumentos: Questionário de Incapacidade Roland-Morris e Quociente Sexual - versão feminina (QS-F). Para a avaliação do impacto da lombalgia crônica na função sexual foi utilizada a correlação de Pearson. Resultados A média de idade foi de 30,31 anos (± 7,10) e a do IMC foi de 24,54 Kg/m2 (± 3,06). A média da pontuação do Questionário de Incapacidade Roland-Morris foi de 5,2 (± 3,28), representando que as pacientes não tinham incapacidade significante. A pontuação do QS-F foi de 60,37 (± 14,48), classificada como "desfavorável a regular" quanto à função sexual feminina. O teste de correlação demonstrou que houve baixa correlação entre a lombalgia crônica e a função sexual feminina (r = 0,027). Conclusões Houve baixa correlação entre a lombalgia crônica e a função sexual feminina na população estudada, porém a correlação moderada entre o domínio "conforto" e o escore do Questionário de Incapacidade Roland-Morris foi significativa. Nível de evidência II ; Estudo clínico descritivo transversal.

RESUMEN Objetivo Correlacionar la lumbalgia crónica con la función sexual femenina. Métodos Se trata de un estudio transversal. Se seleccionaron 32 mujeres con edades entre 18 y 44 años, con Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) entre 18,5 kg/m2 y 29,9 kg/m2, diagnóstico médico de lumbalgia crónica y sexualmente activas en los últimos seis meses. Las pacientes fueron sometidas a una única evaluación fisioterapéutica y respondieron a dos instrumentos: Cuestionario de Discapacidad Roland-Morris y por el Cociente Sexual - versión femenina (QS-F). Para la evaluación del impacto de la lumbalgia crónica en la función sexual se utilizó la correlación de Pearson. Resultados El promedio de edad fue de 30,31 años (± 7,10) y la del IMC fue de 24,54 kg/m2 (± 3,06). El promedio de la puntuación del Cuestionario de Discapacidad Roland-Morris fue de 5,2 (± 3,28), representando que las pacientes no tenían incapacidad significativa. La puntuación del QS-F fue de 60,37 (± 14,48), clasificada como "desfavorable a regular" en cuanto a la función sexual femenina. El test de correlación demostró que hubo baja correlación entre la lumbalgia crónica y la función sexual femenina (r = 0,027). Conclusiones Hubo baja correlación entre la lumbalgia crónica y la función sexual femenina en la población estudiada, sin embargo la correlación moderada entre el dominio "comodidad" y el score del Cuestionario de Discapacidad Roland-Morris fue significativa. Nivel de evidencia II ; Estudio clínico transversal.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introdução: A abdominoplastia é a terceira cirurgia estética mais realizada no Brasil, sendo que o planejamento cirúrgico envolve os momentos pré, intra e pós-operatórios com a atuação de diversos profissionais especializados. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção das pacientes sobre a atuação profissional e os procedimentos realizados no pré, no intra e no pós-operatório de abdominoplastia. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e observacional. A coleta de dados foi feita através de um questionário online, disponibilizado por meios digitais para mulheres com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, que realizaram a abdominoplastia nos últimos 12 meses. Resultados: Um total de 376 pacientes respondeu ao questionário; porém, 22 foram excluídos, totalizando 354 questionários respondidos. Observouse que 63.5% relataram que realizou a abdominoplastia por flacidez de pele, 53.3% realizaram a abdominoplastia associada à lipoaspiração, 61% relataram que não realizaram procedimentos pré-operatórios, 59.9% relataram não saber se havia fisioterapeuta no centro cirúrgico durante o intraoperatório, 70.6% das pacientes realizaram procedimentos pós-operatórios, sendo 37.4% com fisioterapeuta, a complicação mais comum foi edema representando 84.2%. Conclusão: A principal indicação para a abdominoplastia foi por flacidez de pele, sendo mais frequentemente associada à lipoaspiração. A maior parte das pacientes não realizou procedimentos pré-operatórios e realizou pós-operatório iniciado após 1 a 3 dias, com fisioterapeuta, por indicação de um conhecido, com frequência de três vezes na semana, pela queixa de edema, sendo que os procedimentos mais realizados foram a drenagem linfática manual e o ultrassom terapêutico.

Introduction: abdominoplasty is the third most performed cosmetic surgery in Brazil. Its surgical planning involves the pre, intra, and postoperative moments with the performance of several specialized professionals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the patients' perception of their professional performance and the procedures performed before, during, and after the abdominoplasty. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and observational study. Data collection was done through an online questionnaire made available digitally to women aged between 18 and 60 years, who underwent abdominoplasty in the last 12 months. Results: A total of 376 patients answered the questionnaire; however, 22 were excluded, totaling 354 questionnaires answered. It was observed that 63.5% reported having undergone abdominoplasty due to skin flaccidity, 53.3% had undergone abdominoplasty associated with liposuction, 61% reported that they had not undergone preoperative procedures, 59.9% reported not knowing whether there was a physiotherapist in the operating room during the intraoperative period. , 70.6% of the patients underwent postoperative procedures, 37.4% of whom were physiotherapists, the most common complication being edema representing 84.2%. Conclusion: The main indication for abdominoplasty was sagging skin, which is most often associated with liposuction. Most of the patients did not undergo preoperative procedures. They were performed after 1 to 3 days after the operation, with a physiotherapist, on the advice of an acquaintance, often three times a week, due to the complaint of edema. The most performed procedures were manual lymphatic drainage and therapeutic ultrasound.

RESUMO

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the organization of collagen fibers in the healing process of rat Achilles tendon rupture using different times of ultrasound therapy (TUS). Approach: Forty Wistar rats were selected. Among these, 32 were submitted to total tenotomy of the calcaneous tendon and divided into 5 groups: control group (CG, n = 8), without tenotomy or any treatment; tenotomy group (n = 8), with tenotomy and without treatment; TUS groups-TUS3 (n = 8), TUS4 (n = 8), and TUS5 (n = 8)-submitted to tenotomy and treated with TUS for 3, 4, and 5 min per effective radiating area (ERA), respectively. The animals were sacrificed on the 12th postoperative day. The tendons were surgically removed for analysis of the collagen fiber organization using the birefringence technique (OR, optical retardation). Results: The collagen fibers exhibited better aggregation and organization in the UST3, TUS4, and TUS5 groups compared with CG (p < 0.05). The TUS5 group had better response rates in intergroup comparison. Innovation: The dose response of therapeutic TUS is influenced by many variables. The scientific evidence to support the dosimetry is insufficient. The application time is an important variable to be considered in TUS. In this study, the longer the application time, the better for organization and aggregation of collagen fibers in the rat tendon. Conclusion: TUS applied for 5 min per ERA presented higher dose response to the organization of collagen fibers in the healing process of rat Achilles tendon rupture.

RESUMO

Os biocombustíveis apresentam-se com grande importância para suprir a demanda global de energia. São produzidos a partir de biomassa vegetal, emitem menor quantidade de dióxido de carbono e de partículas poluentes ao ambiente quando utilizados e possuem grande vantagem por serem combustíveis renováveis. Entre as matérias-primas com potencial para produção de etanol, cita-se o sorgo sacarino. Objetivou-se comparar o processamento industrial do genótipo de sorgo sacarino CVSW80007 e da cultivar de cana-de-açúcar 'RB966928' para produção de bioetanol em início de safra. As análises realizadas foram: brix; pH, ART, AR, acidez total, ARRT, glicerol, teor alcoolico, viabilidade celular, viabilidade de brotos e brotamentos. Quanto às características químico-tecnológicas, as matérias-primas apresentaram-se aptas ao processamento industrial, com índices superiores para a cana-de-açúcar. O desenvolvimento das fermentações ocorreu de forma adequada para ambas, sendo que o mosto fermentado (vinho), produzido a partir do mosto de cana-de-açúcar, apresentou maior teor alcoolico e rendimento fermentativo.

Biofuels have great importance to supply the global energy demand. These fuels are produced from plant biomass, emit less carbon dioxide and particulate pollutants to the environment when used and have great advantage of being renewable fuels. Among the raw materials with potential for ethanol production, is cited sweet sorghum. This study aimed to compare industrial processing of genotype sorghum CVSW80007 and the cultivar sugar cane 'RB966928' for bioethanol production in early season. The analyzes performed were: brix, pH, ART, AR, total acidity, ARRT, glycerol, alcohol content, cell viability, shoots viability and buds. Regarding the chemical-technological characteristics, raw materials were suitable for industrial processing, with higher rates for sugar cane. The development of fermentations occurred appropriately for both, and the fermented must (wine) produced from the must of sugar cane had higher alcohol content and fermentation yield.

RESUMO

Os biocombustíveis apresentam-se com grande importância para suprir a demanda global de energia. São produzidos a partir de biomassa vegetal, emitem menor quantidade de dióxido de carbono e de partículas poluentes ao ambiente quando utilizados e possuem grande vantagem por serem combustíveis renováveis. Entre as matérias-primas com potencial para produção de etanol, cita-se o sorgo sacarino. Objetivou-se comparar o processamento industrial do genótipo de sorgo sacarino CVSW80007 e da cultivar de cana-de-açúcar 'RB966928' para produção de bioetanol em início de safra. As análises realizadas foram: brix; pH, ART, AR, acidez total, ARRT, glicerol, teor alcoolico, viabilidade celular, viabilidade de brotos e brotamentos. Quanto às características químico-tecnológicas, as matérias-primas apresentaram-se aptas ao processamento industrial, com índices superiores para a cana-de-açúcar. O desenvolvimento das fermentações ocorreu de forma adequada para ambas, sendo que o mosto fermentado (vinho), produzido a partir do mosto de cana-de-açúcar, apresentou maior teor alcoolico e rendimento fermentativo.(AU)

Biofuels have great importance to supply the global energy demand. These fuels are produced from plant biomass, emit less carbon dioxide and particulate pollutants to the environment when used and have great advantage of being renewable fuels. Among the raw materials with potential for ethanol production, is cited sweet sorghum. This study aimed to compare industrial processing of genotype sorghum CVSW80007 and the cultivar sugar cane 'RB966928' for bioethanol production in early season. The analyzes performed were: brix, pH, ART, AR, total acidity, ARRT, glycerol, alcohol content, cell viability, shoots viability and buds. Regarding the chemical-technological characteristics, raw materials were suitable for industrial processing, with higher rates for sugar cane. The development of fermentations occurred appropriately for both, and the fermented must (wine) produced from the must of sugar cane had higher alcohol content and fermentation yield.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although several studies have demonstrated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on skin flap viability, the role of higher doses has been poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of the LLLT (λ=670 nm) on the viability of random skin flaps in a rat model using an irradiation energy of 2.79 J at each point. METHODS: Sixteen Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: sham laser irradiation (n=8); and active laser irradiation (n=8). Animals in the active laser irradiation group were irradiated with a 670 nm diode laser with an energy of 2.79 J/point, a power output 30 mW, a beam area of 0.028 cm(2), an energy density of 100 J/cm(2), an irradiance of 1.07 W/cm(2) for 93 s/point. Irradiation was performed in 12 points in the cranial skin flap portion. The total energy irradiated on the tissue was 33.48 J. The necrotic area was evaluated on postoperative day 7. RESULTS: The sham laser irradiation group presented a mean (± SD) necrotic area of 47.96±3.81%, whereas the active laser irradiation group presented 62.24±7.28%. There was a significant difference in skin-flap necrosis areas between groups (P=0.0002). CONCLUSION: LLLT (λ=670 nm) increased the necrotic area of random skin flaps in rats when irradiated with an energy of 2.79 J (100 J/cm(2)).

HISTORIQUE: Plusieurs études ont démontré les effets de la thérapie laser de faible intensité (TLFI) sur la viabilité des lambeaux cutanés, mais le rôle de plus fortes doses a été peu évalué. OBJECTIF: Examiner l'effet inhibiteur de la TLFI (λ=670 nm) sur la viabilité de lambeaux cutanés aléatoires d'un modèle murin au moyen d'une énergie d'irradiation de 2,79 J à chaque point. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les chercheurs ont réparti 16 rats Wistar en deux groupes aléatoires : irradiation laser factice (n=8) et irradiation laser active (n=8). Les animaux du groupe d'irradiation laser active ont été irradiés à l'aide d'une diode laser de 670 nm à une énergie de 2,79 J/point, une puissance de 30 mW, un faisceau de 0,028 cm2, une densité énergétique de 100 J/cm2 et une radiation de 1,07 W/cm2 pendant 93 s/point. Douze points ont été irradiés sur la portion du lambeau cutané crânien. L'énergie totale irradiée sur les tissus s'élevait à 33,48 J. Les chercheurs ont évalué la zone nécrosée le septième jour après l'opération. RÉSULTATS: Le groupe d'irradiation laser factice présentait une zone nécrosée moyenne de (± ÉT) 47,96±3,81 %, tandis que le groupe d'irradiation laser active présentait une zone de 62,24±7,28 %. On constatait une différence importante entre les zones nécrosées des lambeaux cutanés des deux groupes (P=0,0002). CONCLUSION: La TLFI (λ=670 nm) accroissait la zone nécrosée des lambeaux cutanés murins aléatoires lorsqu'ils étaient irradiés par une énergie de 2,79 J (100 J/cm2).

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Physiotherapy in the plastic surgery post-operative (PO) is essential to provide means for an adequate and fast recovery as it restores function through the use of physiotherapeutic procedures. AIM: The aim of the following study is to verify the effects of the association between the manual lymphatic drainage and the therapeutic ultrasound on pain, oedema and the tissue fibrosis in liposuction and lipoabdominoplasty PO. DESIGN: This is a clinical trial prospective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen women aged between 18 and 60 years participated in this study, in the late PO period following lipoabdominoplasty or liposuction in the abdomen, flanks and lower trunk, which showed tissue fibrosis of the flanks and abdomen regions. They were divided into two groups: Liposuction group and lipoabdominoplasty group. A total of twelve sessions of therapeutic ultrasound followed by the manual lymphatic drainage were performed. The patients were assessed with regard to pain, oedema and tissue fibrosis in different moments: Initial assessment, during assessment and final assessment through the application of the protocol of evaluation of cysts fibrosis levels. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The test of equality for two proportions and the confidence interval test for mean to evaluate the distribution of variables. The significance level adopted for statistical tests was 5% (P < 0.05). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant reduction of pain, swelling and tissue fibrosis in both groups. CONCLUSION: the association between manual lymphatic drainage and the therapeutic ultrasound reduced the swelling and the tissue fibrosis and made pain disappear in liposuction and lipoabdominoplasty PO period.

RESUMO

O artigo analisa em amostra de universitários do curso de fisioterapia indicadores éticos ao uso de animais na pesquisa e no ensino e o nível de conhecimento e interesse dos alunos sobre o tema ética animal. Foi distribuído um questionário aos alunos do primeiro e segundo semestres do curso de fisioterapia, cujo preenchimento ocorreu em sala de aula, de forma voluntária. Os dados obtidos foram analisados e posteriormente colocados à discussão de forma descritiva. O questionário foi preenchido por 193 universitários; a maioria dos alunos pesquisados tinha conhecimento prévio sobre o tema ética animal, porém nunca participaram de aulas práticas com uso de animais e afirmam nunca ter pensado sobre a substituição dos animais por métodos alternativos. Os alunos se sensibilizaram quanto ao número de animais utilizados no ensino e nas pesquisas e demonstraram conhecimento a respeito do tema.

This article analyzes a sample of university students from the Physiotherapy Course, the indicators of ethical use of animals in research and teaching to the level of knowledge and interest of the students on the topic ofanimal ethics. A questionnaire was distributed to the students of the first and second semesters of Physiotherapy, which was filled out in the classroom voluntarily. Data was analyzed and a descriptive discussion took placesubsequently. The questionnaire was completed by 193 students. Among the surveyed students, the majorityhad prior knowledge on the topic of animal ethics, but never attended classes with practical use of animals andclaimed they have never thought about replacing animals by alternative methods. Students were sensitized onthe number of animals used in teaching and research and demonstrated knowledge of the subject.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os parâmetros de aplicação do ultrassom terapêutico no reparo tecidual do sistema musculoesquelético. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados sobre essa temática nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO, em línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, sendo considerados apenas ensaios experimentais realizados em animais, publicados a partir de 2.000 e pesquisados até janeiro de 2.012. Foram encontrados 16 artigos sobre a utilização do ultrassom terapêutico no reparo tecidual, dos quais nove abordaram a lesão tendínea, quatro sobre reparo ósseo, dois verificaram o efeito na lesão muscular e um na lesão nervosa. Os achados desta revisão de literatura sobre as evidências científicas dos efeitos do ultrassom terapêutico no sistema musculoesquelético sugerem que não há padronização quanto à dosimetria adequada para o reparo tecidual deste, pois os artigos disponíveis são insuficientes para comprovar os seus reais efeitos e determinar os parâmetros indicados para este tipo de tratamento.

This study aimed to conduct a literature review on the parameters of therapeutic ultrasound application in tissue repair of the musculoskeletal system. It was carried out a survey of data on this subject in the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO, in Portuguese, Spanish and English, considering only experimental studies done with animals, published since 2000, surveyed by January 2012. It was found a total of 16 articles on the use of therapeutic ultrasound in tissue repair, nine of which addressed the tendinous lesion, four about bone repair, two verified the effect on muscle damage and in a nerve injury. The findings of this review about the scientific evidence on the effects oftherapeutic ultrasound in the musculoskeletal system suggest that there is no standardization regarding the most appropriate dosimetry for tissue repair of the musculoskeletal system, because the articles are insufficient to prove their real effects and determine the appropriate parameters in this type of treatment.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Skin flaps are still a matter of concern among surgeons, as failures can occur leading to flap necrosis. However, low-level laser irradiation has been reported as an effective tool to improve the viability of ischemic flaps, yet its mechanisms of action remain unclear. We investigated the effect of low-level laser irradiation on the viability of random skin flaps in rats and determined COX-2 expression in the flap pedicle. The study animals comprised 24 EPM-1 Wistar rats which were randomly allocated into three equal groups. A cranially based dorsal random skin flap measuring 10 × 4 cm was created in all the animals. In one group, laser irradiation was simulated (sham group), and in the other two groups the animals were irradiated at 12 points with 0.29 J at 20 mW (energy density 10.36 J/cm(2), irradiance 0.71 W/cm(2)), or with 7.3 J at 100 mW (energy density 260.7 J/cm(2), irradiance 3.57 W/cm(2)). These procedures were applied to the cranial half of the flap immediately after surgery and were repeated on days 2 and 5 after surgery. The percentage necrotic area was determined on day 7 after surgery by the paper template method. The immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 in the samples was given scores from 0 to 3. The necrotic area was smaller in group irradiated at 7.3 J compared to sham-treated group and to the group irradiated at 0.29 J (P < 0.05); there was no difference between the sham-treated group and group irradiated at 0.29 J. COX-2 expression was lower in the group irradiated at 7.3 J than in the sham-treated group and the group irradiated at 0.29 J (P < 0.001). Low-level laser therapy was effective in decreasing random skin flap necrosis in rats using a laser energy of 7.30 J per point. Laser irradiation also decreased the expression of COX-2 in the flap pedicle.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo - Este estudo anatômico classificou os diferentes tipos de incisura da escápula e estabeleceu a relação entre a incisura e a área total da escápula, evidenciando a clínica apresentada na compressão do nervo supraescapular, o qual tem sua passagem dentro do forame limitado pela incisura e o ligamento transverso superior da escápula. Este é um nervo misto, originário de C5-C6 e frequentemente de C4, seu componente motor supre os músculos supra e infraespinais e seu componente sensitivo as articulações acromioclavicular e glemoumeral. Em atletas de voleibol e basebol há hipertrofia do músculo subescapular e compressão desse nervo. Métodos - Foram analisadas 93 escápulas maceradas e classificadas de acordo com Rengachary et al.4 (1979), onde foi estabelecida a relação entre a área da incisura e a área total da escápula por meio do método de gabarito de papel. Resultados - A incisura da escápula do tipo III foi prevalente (34%), tendo uma pequena área comparando com os outros tipos; a seguida pelo tipo IV (20%); e tipo VI ausente. O valor médio da relação entre a área da incisura da escápula e a área total da escápula foi de 0,3%. Conclusão - As escápulas que possuem incisuras do tipo III foram prevalentes seguidas pelo tipo IV e as do tipo VI ausentes, apresentando, segundo a literatura, maior propensão à gerar uma compressão.

Objective - This anatomical study classify the different types of suprascapular notch and establish the relation between the notch area and the total area of the scapula, showing the clinical presentation in compression of the suprascapular nerve, which has this passage into the foramen bounded by the notch and the superior transverse scapular ligament. This is a mixed nerve, wich originates from C5-C6 and often C4, its motor component supplies the supra and infra espinal muscles and your sensory component the glenoumeral and acromioclavicular joints. In volleyball and baseiball athletes there subscapularis muscle hypertrophy and compression of this nerve. Methods - Ninety three macerated scapula were analyzed and classified according Rengachary et al.4 (1979), where was established the relationship between the notch area and the total area of the scapula through the template paper method. Results - The suprascapular notch of type III was prevalent (34%), with a small area compared to other types; followed by the type IV (20%); and type VI absent. The medium score between the area of the scapular notch and the total area of the scapula was 0,3%. Conclusion - The scapula that have suprascapular notch type III have been prevalent, followed by type IV and type VI was absent, showing, according to literature, a greater propensity to generate a compression.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo - Investigar o efeito da administração tópica de cetoprofeno por iontoforese em indivíduos com osteoartrose de joelho, tendo como critérios de avaliação a dor e a funcionalidade da articulação tratada. Métodos - Participaram do estudo 26 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade superior a 50 anos. O tratamento consistiu na aplicação tópica de cetoprofeno por iontoforese na região ântero-lateral do joelho, totalizando 10 sessões. O quadro doloroso foi avaliado por meio da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e a funcionalidade por meio da Escala de Lysholm antes e após o período de tratamento. Resultados - Todos os sujeitos relataram redução no quadro álgico e, a funcionalidade de joelho obteve inicialmente escore médio de 37 e após o período de tratamento este evoluiu para 73,2 pontos. Conclusão - A aplicação tópica de cetoprofeno por iontoforese diminuiu a dor e aumentou a funcionalidade de indivíduos com osteoartrose de joelho.

Objective - To investigate the effect of topical administration of ketoprofen by iontophoresis in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee, having as assessment methods the pain and functionality of the treated joint. Methods - The study included 26 subjects of both sexes, aged over 50 years. The treatment consisted of topical application of ketoprofen by iontophoresis on the anterolateral knee area, totaling 10 sessions. The painful area was analyzed with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and functionality through the Lysholm scale before and after the treatment period. Results - All subjects reported a reduction in painful episodes, and the functionality of the knee initially obtained a mean score of 37 and after the treatment period this progressed to 73.2 points. Conclusion - The topical ketoprofen iontophoresis was effective in reducing pain and increasing function in subjects with knee osteoarthritis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The muscle injury recovery process is slow and often changes the original mechanical properties of the damaged muscle. The goal of rehabilitation is to recover the muscle as fast as possible offering the lowest risk of injury recurrence. Among the available therapeutic resources, the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has proven to be effective both in reducing the deleterious effects of the acute inflammatory response, as in the stimulation of the events involved in the repair phase of the muscle recovery process.

O processo de recuperação de uma lesão muscular é lento e muitas vezes alteram as propriedades mecânicas originais do músculo. O objetivo da reabilitação é recuperar o músculo o quanto antes oferecendo o menor risco possível de recorrência da lesão. Dentre os recursos terapêuticos disponíveis, a terapia laser de baixa intensidade (TLBI) tem se mostrado extremamente benéfica, tanto na redução dos efeitos deletérios da resposta inflamatória aguda, quanto na potencialização dos eventos envolvidos na fase de reparação do processo de recuperação da lesão muscular.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the clinical results of intrahemorrhoidal application of a diode laser. BACKGROUND DATA: Hemorrhoids are a common source of pain, and no surgical technique achieves a painless outcome. Endovascular laser therapy for varicose veins as described in an experimental study is a method that could be used in the treatment of hemorrhoids, but there are few clinical trials described in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with second and third degree hemorrhoids underwent intrahemorrhoidal laser therapy. After the piles were identified, a fiber was introduced into each and it was irradiated with laser energy (810 nm, 5 W, frequency of 5 Hz, energy density of 19 J/cm(2), total energy of 4-10 J). RESULTS: The piles were immediately partially reduced, and clinical examination 7, 14, 21, and 28 d after surgery showed complete healing in nine patients (60.4%) and partial resolution in five patients (33%). In one patient (6.6%) the treatment failed. Mean pain intensity throughout the study period, measured by a visual analog scale (0-10), was 0.84 +/- 1.13 (mean +/- SD). Major complications were burn lesions (n = 4) and residual plicoma (skin tag) (n = 5). Ten control patients underwent an open "cold scalpel" hemorrhoidectomy. Their pain intensity was 1.78 +/- 0.68 (mean +/- SD). There was a significant statistical difference (p = 0.018) between groups. CONCLUSION: The diode laser energy delivered into small to median hemorrhoidal piles caused little pain and led to a partial to complete resolution within a short time compared to open hemorrhoidectomy. Some adjustments must be made to prevent burning lesions and residual plicoma. Although it is not a good method for big piles, this technique opens new possibilities for surgical treatment of hemorrhoidal disease.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introdução - O fortalecimento muscular é comumente um dos objetivos terapêuticos e, para tal várias técnicas podem ser empregues. No presente trabalho foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre a corrente alternada de média frequência (CAMF) e o exercício resistido clássico no ganho de força muscular. Métodos - Quinze indivíduos sedentários, do sexo feminino, com idade entre 19 e 24 anos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n=5). O Grupo 1 foi utilizado como controle, os indivíduos do Grupo 2 submeteram-se à aplicação de estimulação elétrica com CAMF enquanto que, nos indivíduos do Grupo 3 realizou-se exercício resistido clássico. Foi mensurado e, registrado, a força muscular dos flexores de punho e dedos, com dinamômetro, do membro não dominante de cada indivíduo, na avaliação inicial e ao final do estudo em ambos os grupos. Resultados - A diferença média de força, inicial e final, nos grupos foi: Grupo 1: -0,052Kg, Grupo 2: +1,19Kg e Grupo 3: + 1,20Kg. Conclusão: A corrente-alternada de média frequência e o exercício resistido clássico foram eficazes no aumento da força muscular em flexores de punho e dedos em indivíduos sedentários, não havendo diferença entre os métodos.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Assess the effect of hydralazine hydrochloride, for iontophoresis, on the viability of random skin flaps in rats. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats was randonly destributed in 4 groups (n=15), these animals was submited as randon dorsal skin flaps as cranial base with measure 10 x 4 cm. The animals from group 1 was utilized as control, in group 2 was submitted to direct current o 4mA-20' immediately after the surgery and on the two subsequent days. In group 3 the stimulation eletric simulation with hydralazine hydrochloride. In group 4 iontophorese with hydralazine hydrochloride 4mA-20'. The analysis of the results was made on the seventh day post operative and interpreted with test non parametric of Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTS: and the necrotic area stayed fixed in: group 1=45%; group 2=39%; group 3=46% and group 4=41%, being the statistical analysis did not evidenced any significant. CONCLUSION: The hydralazine hydrochloride when taken for iontophorese was not efficacious in reduce the necrotic area.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito da administração do cloridrato de hidralazina, por iontoforese, na viabilidade de retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos. MÉTODOS: Sessenta ratos da linhagem Wistar foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=15), estes animais foram submetidos a retalho cutâneo randômico dorsal, de base cranial, com dimensões de 10X4cm. Os animais do grupo 1 foram utilizados como controle, os do grupo 2 foram submetidos a eletroestimulação com corrente direta 4mA-20' imediatamente após a técnica operatória e nos dois dias subseqüentes. No grupo 3 simulação de estímulo elétrico com Cloridrato de Hidralazina. No grupo 4 iontoforese com Cloridrato de Hidralazina 4mA-20'. A análise dos resultados foi realizada no sétimo dia pós-operatório e interpretada com o Teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: A media da área de necrose foi: grupo 1 = 45 por cento; grupo 2 = 39 por cento; grupo 3 = 46 por cento e grupo 4 = 41 por cento, sendo que a análise estatística não evidenciou diferença significante entre os grupos (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: o Cloridrato de Hidralazina, quando administrado por iontoforese, não é eficaz em aumentar a área de viabilidade de retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos.

Assuntos