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1.
Clin Nutr ; 43(5): 1190-1199, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38613906

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIMS: We aimed to analyze the prospective association between adherence to the ultra-processed dietary pattern and risk of depressive outcomes using original data from the NutriNet Brasil cohort and via a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that have investigated the same association. METHODS: In our original research analysis, we used data from 15,960 adults (≥18 y) participating in the NutriNet Brasil cohort study, free of depression or depressive symptoms during the baseline (77.5% women, 45.8 ± 13.0 y). The mean dietary share of ultra-processed foods (%Kcal/d), calculated from two baseline 24-h dietary recalls, was used to measure the adherence to the ultra-processed dietary pattern. New cases of depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 over the follow-up period (mean: 18.3 months). Cox proportional hazards models were used for the main analyses. In our systematic review and meta-analysis, we incorporated effect estimates from six prospective cohort studies that have examined the same association, including ours. RESULTS: In the adjusted model, each 10% increase in the dietary share of ultra-processed foods was associated with a 10% increase in the hazard of incident cases of depressive symptoms (HR:1.10; 95%CI: 1.07-1.14). This association was slightly attenuated in the models including potential mediators. In our meta-analysis of six prospective studies, high versus low exposure to ultra-processed foods was associated with a summary hazard ratio of depressive outcomes of 1.32; 95%CI: 1.19-1.46; I2: 71%. CONCLUSION: A higher adherence to the ultra-processed dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of developing depressive outcomes in the NutriNet Brasil cohort and in the meta-analysis.


Assuntos
Depressão , Alimento Processado , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos de Coortes , Depressão/epidemiologia , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
2.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) ; 238(2): 341-354, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33427944

RESUMO

RATIONALE: Major depressive disorder is one of the leading global causes of disability, for which the classic serotonergic psychedelics have recently reemerged as a potential therapeutic treatment option. OBJECTIVE: We present the first meta-analytic review evaluating the clinical effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics vs placebo for mood state and symptoms of depression in both healthy and clinical populations (separately). RESULTS: Our search revealed 12 eligible studies (n = 257; 124 healthy participants, and 133 patients with mood disorders), with data from randomized controlled trials involving psilocybin (n = 8), lysergic acid diethylamide ([LSD]; n = 3), and ayahuasca (n = 1). The meta-analyses of acute mood outcomes (3 h to 1 day after treatment) for healthy volunteers and patients revealed improvements with moderate significant effect sizes in favor of psychedelics, as well as for the longer-term (16 to 60 days after treatments) mood state of patients. For patients with mood disorder, significant effect sizes were detected on the acute, medium (2-7 days after treatment), and longer-term outcomes favoring psychedelics on the reduction of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Despite the concerns over unblinding and expectancy, the strength of the effect sizes, fast onset, and enduring therapeutic effects of these psychotherapeutic agents encourage further double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials assessing them for management of negative mood and depressive symptoms.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Alucinógenos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos do Humor/tratamento farmacológico , Agonistas do Receptor de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Afeto/efeitos dos fármacos , Banisteriopsis/química , Depressão , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/metabolismo , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Dietilamida do Ácido Lisérgico/uso terapêutico , Transtornos do Humor/metabolismo , Transtornos do Humor/psicologia , Psilocibina/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do Tratamento
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