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OBJECTIVE: The role of oestrogen in craniofacial growth still remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effect of oestrogen deficiency on maxilla and mandible dimensions. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: The study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, and used forty female Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ovariectomy (OVX) and placebo surgery (Sham) were performed when animals were twenty-one days old (prepubertal stage). Dimensions of the maxilla and mandible were assessed by craniometric analysis using radiographs, during and after puberty of the animals (45 and 63 days old, respectively). Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine the expression and localization, respectively, of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and oestrogen receptor beta (ERß) in different growth sites of the evaluated structures at puberty. The differences between the groups for each outcome were evaluated using the t test with an established alpha error of 5%. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the OVX and Sham groups for horizontal and vertical linear measurements in the maxilla and the mandible at both pubertal and post-pubertal stages (P < .05). The ovariectomized rats showed significantly greater measures for all dimensions assessed. No differences in gene expression of ERα and ERß were identified at the different growth sites between the OVX and Sham groups (P > .05). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the presence of both oestrogen receptors in osteoblasts and chondrocytes in the midpalatal suture and mandibular condyle, respectively, in the OVX and Sham groups. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that oestrogen deficiency from the prepubertal stage might increase the growth of the maxilla and mandible in female rats.
Assuntos
Maxila , Maturidade Sexual , Animais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Mandíbula , Ovariectomia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Finding the most effective method of minimizing the gap effect in alveolar crest remodeling constitutes a clinical challenge for immediate implant technique. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of osseoconductive xenografts with different porosities in the crestal bone region, with and without guided bone regeneration, over immediate implant installation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five bone defects (6 mm in diameter/4 mm depth) were prepared on one side of the mandibles of twelve dogs. Implants of 3.3 × 10 mm were installed on the mesial side of each defect, providing a 2.7-mm distal gap. Defects were randomly filled with autogenous bone, coagulum, a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) block, a DBBM sponge, or DBBM granules. The same procedures were performed on the opposite side after 8 weeks. Collagen membranes were used to cover the defects on half of the sides. The animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks. The outcomes were evaluated by histology, histomorphometric analysis, resonance frequency analysis, and micro-CT analysis. RESULTS: The histomorphometry showed the DBBM sponge to provide similar bone formation to autogenous bone at 8 weeks without a membrane. The coagulum rendered better bone formation at 16 weeks (membrane) (p < .05). The DBBM block exhibited the poorest results between treatments (8 and 16 weeks, with or without membrane). Micro-CT analysis revealed increasing bone surface values in sites with DBBM granules, followed by the DBBM sponge (8 weeks without membrane) and autogenous bone at 8 weeks with membrane (p < .05). Porosity analysis of the biomaterials showed the highest number, volume, and surface area of closed pores in DBBM granules. The DBBM block presented the highest volume of open pores, open porosity, and total porosity. CONCLUSIONS: The high-porosity block (DBBM block) failed to provide greater bone repair within the defect. Biomaterials with lower porosity (DBBM sponge and granules) showed similar or higher bone formation when compared with autogenous bone.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar/prevenção & controle , Processo Alveolar/cirurgia , Remodelação Óssea , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Implantação Dentária Endóssea/métodos , Xenoenxertos , Perda do Osso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagem , Perda do Osso Alveolar/patologia , Animais , Substitutos Ósseos/farmacologia , Colágeno/farmacologia , Implantes Dentários , Cães , Mandíbula , Membranas Artificiais , Porosidade , Cicatrização , Microtomografia por Raio-XRESUMO
Amplamente usado na medicina para anestesia epidural e regional por apresentar longo tempo de duração e baixa toxicidade, a ropivacaína vem sendo, aos poucos, utilizada na odontologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos clínicos e cardiovasculares em relação à utilização de cloridrato de ropivacaína 7.5 mg/ml sem vasoconstrictor e cloridrato de lidocaína 2% com adrenalina 1:100.000, através de um ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo cego, de uma amostra de pacientes submetidos a duas intervenções cirúrgicas para remoção de terceiro molar inferior incluso. Os resultados demonstram que a lidocaína apresenta tempo de latência inferior, quando comparada à ropivacaína, sendo o maior valor encontrado de 3,67 minutos para a lidocaína e de 9,38 minutos para a ropivacaína. Em relação à duração anestésica, foi observado que a ropivacaína apresentou tempo superior quando comparado à lidocaína. A sintomatologia dolorosa pós-operatória se mostrou mais intensa após a intervenção cirúrgica, utilizando-se lidocaína. A ropivacaína, assim como a lidocaína em doses terapêuticas, não apresentou efeitos adversos dignos de alterações cardiovasculares significantes. Conclui-se que a ropivacaína representa uma droga alternativa para o uso em procedimentos que requerem maior tempo cirúrgico e ação analgésica no pós-operatório imediato.
Ropivacaine is widely used in medicine for epidural and regional anesthesia due to its long duration and low degree of toxicity. This drug has also been increasingly used in dentistry. The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical and cardiovascular effects of the use of ropivacaine (7.5 mg/ml) without a vasoconstrictor and lidocaine 2% with adrenalin (1:100,000) in a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial involving a sample of patients submitted to two separate surgical interventions for the removal of impacted lower third molars. The results demonstrate that lidocaine has a shorter latency time in comparison to ropivacaine (3.67 minutes versus 9.38 minutes). Ropivacaine has greater duration than lidocaine. Postoperative pain symptoms were more intense following surgery employing lidocaine. Neither drug exhibited adverse effects with regard to significant cardiovascular alterations. In conclusion, ropivacaine is a viable alternative for use in dental procedures that require a longer surgical time and analgesic action in the immediate postoperative period.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe a series of 10 cases of oral-maxillofacial myiasis, discussing its main features, demographic distribution, and treatment aspects. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was carried out involving male and female patients of any age with oral-maxillofacial myiasis. The sample was determined by spontaneous demand at the emergency ward of a hospital between January 2005 and January 2011 (6 years). After treatment of each case, data were gathered on the presence of associated systemic disorders, time elapsed since onset of the disease, and treatment established. A review of the literature on this topic was also carried out. RESULTS: The sample was made up of 10 patients, all treated with surgical debridement whether or not associated with the use of oral ivermectin. Mean time elapsed since the onset of the disease ranged from 4 to 36 months. The middle third of the face was the most frequently affected region (7 cases). Oral-maxillofacial myiasis predominantly affected the male gender (70%). CONCLUSIONS: Oral-maxillofacial myiasis affects individuals with poor hygiene and neurologic and/or psychologic alterations. It occurs predominantly in countries near the tropics. The treatment of choice is surgical debridement.
Assuntos
Dermatoses Faciais/parasitologia , Doenças da Boca/parasitologia , Miíase/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antiparasitários/uso terapêutico , Doença Crônica , Terapia Combinada , Desbridamento , Dermatoses Faciais/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças da Boca/cirurgia , Miíase/cirurgia , Infecções Oportunistas/parasitologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to compare pain, edema, and trismus in the postoperative period following third molar surgery using 8 mg of dexamethasone administered either orally or through local injection. METHODS: A prospective, controlled, randomized trial was carried out involving 60 lower third molar surgeries in 67 patients between October 2008 and June 2009. The sample was randomly divided into three groups: group A (local injection), group B (tablets), and group C (control). In all cases, either ostectomy or crown sectioning was employed. On the second and seventh day following surgery, linear edema was determined using facial landmarks, and maximal mouth opening measurements were performed. Postoperative pain was recorded using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Patient age ranged from 14 to 37 years (mean, 21.0 years). With regard to pain, edema, and trismus, the two administration routes tested (local injection and tablets) demonstrated similar efficacy, and both methods achieved better results in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSION: Both the oral administration and local injection of dexamethasone proved effective in reducing pain, edema, and trismus compared to control group following lower third molar surgeries, achieving similar results.