RESUMO

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a renda da terra como base para análise das questões urbana e agrária. Para isso, realizamos um estudo temático cuja análise seguiu o método materialista histórico-dialético. Debruçamo-nos sobre os estudos desenvolvidos por Marx e Engels, além de elaborarmos uma pesquisa bibliográfica complementar. Buscou-se desvelar o laço que unifica a essência de duas expressões da questão social: a propriedade privada da terra e o processo de sua valorização a partir do trabalho incorporado à terra.

Abstract: This article aims to discuss land rent as a basis for analyzing urban and agrarian issues. To this end, we carried out a thematic study whose analysis followed the historical-dialectic materialist method. We focused on the studies developed by Marx, Engels, as well as complementary bibliographical research. We sought to unveil the bond that unifies the essence of these expressions of the "social issue": private ownership of land and the process of its valorization based on the work incorporated into the land.

RESUMO

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a deadly rhythm problem. With asystole, it represents one of the most extreme emergencies that may engage vital prognosis within only few minutes if appropriated treatment is not instituted. It is learned in all medical schools worldwide that VF is not compatible with consciousness and sustained life. Moreover, at 37°C, and without restauration of cardiac flow, VF may be responsible for severe and most often irreversible brain damage after 3 minutes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The assessment of clinical prognosis of pregnant COVID-19 patients at hospital presentation is challenging, due to physiological adaptations during pregnancy. Our aim was to assess the performance of the ABC2-SPH score to predict in-hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation support in pregnant patients with COVID-19, to assess the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and characteristics of pregnant women who died. METHODS: This multicenter cohort included consecutive pregnant patients with COVID-19 admitted to the participating hospitals, from April/2020 to March/2022. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and the composite outcome of mechanical ventilation support and in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints were pregnancy outcomes. The overall discrimination of the model was presented as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Overall performance was assessed using the Brier score. RESULTS: From 350 pregnant patients (median age 30 [interquartile range (25.2, 35.0)] years-old]), 11.1% had hypertensive disorders, 19.7% required mechanical ventilation support and 6.0% died. The AUROC for in-hospital mortality and for the composite outcome were 0.809 (95% IC: 0.641-0.944) and 0.704 (95% IC: 0.617-0.792), respectively, with good overall performance (Brier = 0.0384 and 0.1610, respectively). Calibration was good for the prediction of in-hospital mortality, but poor for the composite outcome. Women who died had a median age 4 years-old higher, higher frequency of hypertensive disorders (38.1% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001) and obesity (28.6% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.025) than those who were discharged alive, and their newborns had lower birth weight (2000 vs. 2813, p = 0.001) and five-minute Apgar score (3.0 vs. 8.0, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The ABC2-SPH score had good overall performance for in-hospital mortality and the composite outcome mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality. Calibration was good for the prediction of in-hospital mortality, but it was poor for the composite outcome. Therefore, the score may be useful to predict in-hospital mortality in pregnant patients with COVID-19, in addition to clinical judgment. Newborns from women who died had lower birth weight and Apgar score than those who were discharged alive.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a deadly rhythm problem. With asystole, it represents one of the most extreme emergencies that may engage vital prognosis within only few minutes if appropriated treatment is not instituted. It is learned in all medical schools worldwide that VF is not compatible with consciousness and sustained life. Moreover, at 37°C, and without restauration of cardiac flow, VF may be responsible for severe and most often irreversible brain damage after 3 minutes.

RESUMO

Floods account for approximately 40% of natural disasters that occur around the world and they are therefore considered a major public health problem. While floods constitute a global problem, data from the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction showed that almost all of the deaths or individuals affected are concentrated in developing countries. It is assumed that, although they have natural causes, the consequences of floods also involve social issues. To try to predict such vulnerability in the occurrence of natural disasters, a social and environmental index that shows the degree of vulnerability of a location was developed in this paper. This index was developed using multivariate analysis involving factor analysis and demographic, social and environmental variables. The index was applied in the municipalities of the state of Rio de Janeiro and compared with the official figures of the Civil Defense Unit. The results found suggest that the proposed index meets the expectation of predicting the vulnerability of the local population.

Assuntos

RESUMO

As inundações representam aproximadamente 40% do total de desastres naturais ocorridos em todo o mundo, são consideradas, portanto, um importante problema de saúde pública. Embora as inundações constituam um problema global, dados da Estratégia Internacional de Redução de Desastres revelam que quase a totalidade dos óbitos ou afetados concentram-se em países em desenvolvimento. Presume-se que, embora tenham causas naturais, as consequências das inundações envolvem também questões sociais. Para tentar predizer o grau de vulnerabilidade de uma localidade na ocorrência de desastres naturais, foi desenvolvido neste trabalho um índice socioambiental. Para tanto, usou-se análise multivariada, envolvendo análise fatorial e variáveis demográficas, sociais e ambientais. O índice foi aplicado nos municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro e comparado aos números oficiais da Defesa Civil. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que o índice proposto atende a expectativa de predizer a vulnerabilidade da população local.

Floods account for approximately 40% of natural disasters that occur around the world and they are therefore considered a major public health problem. While floods constitute a global problem, data from the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction showed that almost all of the deaths or individuals affected are concentrated in developing countries. It is assumed that, although they have natural causes, the consequences of floods also involve social issues. To try to predict such vulnerability in the occurrence of natural disasters, a social and environmental index that shows the degree of vulnerability of a location was developed in this paper. This index was developed using multivariate analysis involving factor analysis and demographic, social and environmental variables. The index was applied in the municipalities of the state of Rio de Janeiro and compared with the official figures of the Civil Defense Unit. The results found suggest that the proposed index meets the expectation of predicting the vulnerability of the local population.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide from the neonicotinoid group, nitroguanidin family which affects the nicotinic receptor acetyl choline in the insect membrane, wounding the nervous system and causing the death of the insect. It was used with success in the control of initial pests of several crops. It was considered that thiamethoxam has a bioactivator effect, because in the absence of insects promoted increase in vigor, development and productivity of crops. This work was carried out to verify if thiamethoxam causes histological changes in sugarcane roots. In this work, it was used optical microscopy, images arrest, tissue biometrics and statistical analysis, in young roots of sugarcane RB 83 5486 after the treatments with different thiamethoxam concentrations. It was determined changes in histological structure of tissues 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the treatments, establishing its effects on root plant anatomy. It was verified that thiamethoxam increased root cortex width, increasing the vascular cylinder and the metaxylem vessel elements number in the vascular tissue until 21 days after application.

O tiametoxam é um inseticida sistêmico do grupo neonicotinoide, da família nitroguanidina que atua no receptor nicotínico acetilcolina da membrana de insetos, lesando o sistema nervoso e levando-os à morte. Tem sido utilizado com sucesso no controle de pragas iniciais de diversas culturas. Considerou-se que o produto possui um efeito bioativador, uma vez que, mesmo na ausência dos insetos-praga, tem promovido aumento em vigor, desenvolvimento e produtividade de cultivos. No presente trabalho, foi analisada a anatomia de raízes jovens de cana-de-açúcar RB 83 5486 após aplicações de tiametoxam nas concentrações de 0, 400 e 800g ha-1. As análises foram conduzidas aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após as aplicações (DAA), no sentido de esclarecer seus efeitos na anatomia radicular da planta. Verificou-se que, até os 21DAA de desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar, thiametoxam amplia a espessura do córtex da raiz e aumenta o diâmetro do cilindro vascular, bem como o número de elementos de vaso do metaxilema, melhorando a absorção de água e sais minerais.

RESUMO

Thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide from the neonicotinoid group, nitroguanidin family which affects the nicotinic receptor acetyl choline in the insect membrane, wounding the nervous system and causing the death of the insect. It was used with success in the control of initial pests of several crops. It was considered that thiamethoxam has a bioactivator effect, because in the absence of insects promoted increase in vigor, development and productivity of crops. This work was carried out to verify if thiamethoxam causes histological changes in sugarcane roots. In this work, it was used optical microscopy, images arrest, tissue biometrics and statistical analysis, in young roots of sugarcane RB 83 5486 after the treatments with different thiamethoxam concentrations. It was determined changes in histological structure of tissues 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the treatments, establishing its effects on root plant anatomy. It was verified that thiamethoxam increased root cortex width, increasing the vascular cylinder and the metaxylem vessel elements number in the vascular tissue until 21 days after application.

O tiametoxam é um inseticida sistêmico do grupo neonicotinoide, da família nitroguanidina que atua no receptor nicotínico acetilcolina da membrana de insetos, lesando o sistema nervoso e levando-os à morte. Tem sido utilizado com sucesso no controle de pragas iniciais de diversas culturas. Considerou-se que o produto possui um efeito bioativador, uma vez que, mesmo na ausência dos insetos-praga, tem promovido aumento em vigor, desenvolvimento e produtividade de cultivos. No presente trabalho, foi analisada a anatomia de raízes jovens de cana-de-açúcar RB 83 5486 após aplicações de tiametoxam nas concentrações de 0, 400 e 800g ha-1. As análises foram conduzidas aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após as aplicações (DAA), no sentido de esclarecer seus efeitos na anatomia radicular da planta. Verificou-se que, até os 21DAA de desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar, thiametoxam amplia a espessura do córtex da raiz e aumenta o diâmetro do cilindro vascular, bem como o número de elementos de vaso do metaxilema, melhorando a absorção de água e sais minerais.

RESUMO

Thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide from the neonicotinoid group, nitroguanidin family which affects the nicotinic receptor acetyl choline in the insect membrane, wounding the nervous system and causing the death of the insect. It was used with success in the control of initial pests of several crops. It was considered that thiamethoxam has a bioactivator effect, because in the absence of insects promoted increase in vigor, development and productivity of crops. This work was carried out to verify if thiamethoxam causes histological changes in sugarcane roots. In this work, it was used optical microscopy, images arrest, tissue biometrics and statistical analysis, in young roots of sugarcane RB 83 5486 after the treatments with different thiamethoxam concentrations. It was determined changes in histological structure of tissues 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the treatments, establishing its effects on root plant anatomy. It was verified that thiamethoxam increased root cortex width, increasing the vascular cylinder and the metaxylem vessel elements number in the vascular tissue until 21 days after application.

O tiametoxam é um inseticida sistêmico do grupo neonicotinoide, da família nitroguanidina que atua no receptor nicotínico acetilcolina da membrana de insetos, lesando o sistema nervoso e levando-os à morte. Tem sido utilizado com sucesso no controle de pragas iniciais de diversas culturas. Considerou-se que o produto possui um efeito bioativador, uma vez que, mesmo na ausência dos insetos-praga, tem promovido aumento em vigor, desenvolvimento e produtividade de cultivos. No presente trabalho, foi analisada a anatomia de raízes jovens de cana-de-açúcar RB 83 5486 após aplicações de tiametoxam nas concentrações de 0, 400 e 800g ha-1. As análises foram conduzidas aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após as aplicações (DAA), no sentido de esclarecer seus efeitos na anatomia radicular da planta. Verificou-se que, até os 21DAA de desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar, thiametoxam amplia a espessura do córtex da raiz e aumenta o diâmetro do cilindro vascular, bem como o número de elementos de vaso do metaxilema, melhorando a absorção de água e sais minerais.

RESUMO

Thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide from the neonicotinoid group, nitroguanidin family which affects the nicotinic receptor acetyl choline in the insect membrane, wounding the nervous system and causing the death of the insect. It was used with success in the control of initial pests of several crops. It was considered that thiamethoxam has a bioactivator effect, because in the absence of insects promoted increase in vigor, development and productivity of crops. This work was carried out to verify if thiamethoxam causes histological changes in sugarcane roots. In this work, it was used optical microscopy, images arrest, tissue biometrics and statistical analysis, in young roots of sugarcane RB 83 5486 after the treatments with different thiamethoxam concentrations. It was determined changes in histological structure of tissues 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the treatments, establishing its effects on root plant anatomy. It was verified that thiamethoxam increased root cortex width, increasing the vascular cylinder and the metaxylem vessel elements number in the vascular tissue until 21 days after application.

O tiametoxam é um inseticida sistêmico do grupo neonicotinoide, da família nitroguanidina que atua no receptor nicotínico acetilcolina da membrana de insetos, lesando o sistema nervoso e levando-os à morte. Tem sido utilizado com sucesso no controle de pragas iniciais de diversas culturas. Considerou-se que o produto possui um efeito bioativador, uma vez que, mesmo na ausência dos insetos-praga, tem promovido aumento em vigor, desenvolvimento e produtividade de cultivos. No presente trabalho, foi analisada a anatomia de raízes jovens de cana-de-açúcar RB 83 5486 após aplicações de tiametoxam nas concentrações de 0, 400 e 800g ha-1. As análises foram conduzidas aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após as aplicações (DAA), no sentido de esclarecer seus efeitos na anatomia radicular da planta. Verificou-se que, até os 21DAA de desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar, thiametoxam amplia a espessura do córtex da raiz e aumenta o diâmetro do cilindro vascular, bem como o número de elementos de vaso do metaxilema, melhorando a absorção de água e sais minerais.