RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Feed additives that modify rumen fermentation can be used to prevent metabolic disturbances such as acidosis and optimize beef cattle production. The study evaluated the effects of liquid and powdered forms of polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP) against Streptococcus bovis and Fusobacterium necrophorum on rumen fermentation parameters in ruminally cannulated non-lactating dairy cows that were adapted or unadapted to a high concentrate diet. METHODS: A double 3×3 Latin square design was used with three PAP treatments (control, powdered, and liquid PAP) and two adaptation protocols (adapted, unadapted; applied to the square). Adapted animals were transitioned for 2 weeks from an all-forage to an 80% concentrate diet, while unadapted animals were switched abruptly. RESULTS: Interactions between sampling time and adaptation were observed; 12 h after feeding, the adapted group had lower ruminal pH and greater total short chain fatty acid concentrations than the unadapted group, while the opposite was observed after 24 h. Acetate:propionate ratio, molar proportion of butyrate and ammonia nitrogen concentration were generally greater in adapted than unadapted cattle up to 36 h after feeding. Adaptation promoted 3.5 times the number of Entodinium protozoa but copy numbers of Streptococcus bovis and Fibrobacter succinogens genes in rumen fluid were not affected. However, neither liquid nor powdered forms of PAP altered rumen acidosis variables in adapted or unadapted animals. CONCLUSION: Adaptation of cattle to highly fermentable carbohydrate diets promoted a more stable ruminal environment, but PAP was not effective in this study in which no animal experienced acute or sub-acute rumen acidosis.

RESUMO

To evaluate the effect of breed group, slaughter weight and sex on tissue proportion of the leg and muscle, bone and fat ratio in confined kids, seventy-four goats of both sex were used and divided among breed groups: Alpine (A), ½ Nubian + ½ Alpine (½ ANA), ½ Boer + ½ Alpine (½ BA), ¾ Boer + » Alpine (¾ BA) and ½ Nubian + » Alpine + » Boer, (Three cross - TC), at three slaughter weights (25, 30 and 35 kg). Leg represented 31.01% of half carcass, where 62.29% was total muscle, 21.45% total bone and 8.35% total fat. Alpine animals had higher bone weight than other groups. Male kids had higher muscle and bone proportion, whereas females had higher subcutaneous and intramuscular fat in leg. The percentage of total weight of the muscle, five muscles, adductor muscle, quadriceps muscle and femur were higher in the slaughter weights of 25 and 30 kg.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do grupo racial, sexo e peso de abate, na proporção tecidual da perna de caprinos jovens criados em sistema de confinamento. Foram utilizados 74 cabritos, de ambos os sexos divididos dentre os grupos raciais: Alpina (A), ½ Anglo- Nubiana +½ Alpina (½ ANA), ½ Boer + ½ Alpina (½ BA), ¾ Boer + » Alpina (¾ BA) e ½ Anglo- Nubiana + » Alpina + » Boer (Tricross- TC), com três pesos de abate (25, 30 e 35 kg). A perna representou 31,01% da meia carcaça, sendo 62,29% de músculo total, 21,45% de osso total e 8,35% de gordura total. Os representantes da raça Alpina apresentaram maior peso dos ossos que os outros grupos. Os machos apresentaram maior proporção de músculos e ossos, e as fêmeas maiores quantidade de gordura subcutânea e intermuscular da perna. A porcentagem de peso do músculo total, cinco músculos, músculo adductor, músculo quadríceps e fêmur foram superiores nos pesos de abate de 25 e 30 kg.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Fifty goats were used (30 Alpine and 20 ½ Boer + ½ Alpine), primiparous and multiparous, with average body weight of 52.7 ± 1.07 kg, evaluated averaging to 203.9 ± 8.04 lactation days. Were tested two pasture production systems: SP1 - with concentrate supplementation and SP2 - without concentrate supplementation. Animals were kept in pasture established with Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. Milk control was performed every 14 days, by weighting milk. It was calculated some variables: time to reach peak, production at peak (PP), milk production on t time and persistence (PS). Genotype and pasture production system influenced the lactation curve. Concentrate supplementation of Alpine goats resulted in longer time to reach peak of lactation, higher PP and PS. Alpine goats, on pasture production system should be supplemented with concentrate.

Foram utilizadas 50 cabras (30 da raça Alpina e 20 ½ Boer + ½ Alpina), primíparas e multíparas, com peso corporal médio de 52,7 ± 1,07 kg, avaliadas em média até 203,9 ± 8,04 dias de lactação. Foram testados dois sistemas de produção em pasto: SP1 - com suplementação concentrada e SP2 - sem suplementação concentrada. Os animais foram mantidos em pastagem estabelecida com Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia. O controle leiteiro foi realizado a cada 14 dias, por meio da pesagem do leite. Calculou-se as variáveis: tempo para atingir o pico, produção no pico (PP), produção de leite no tempo t e persistência (PS). O genótipo e o sistema de produção em pasto influenciaram a curva de lactação. A suplementação concentrada de cabras da raça Alpina resultou em maior tempo para atingir o pico de lactação, maiores PP e PS. No sistema de produção em pasto, cabras da raça Alpina devem ser suplementadas com ração concentrada.

Assuntos