RESUMO
The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) has demonstrated its ability to increase its distribution raising spatially its importance as a vector for zoonotic hemotropic pathogens. In this study, a global ecological niche model of R. microplus was built in different scenarios using Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP), Socio-Economic Pathway (SSP), and a climatic dataset to determine where the species could establish itself and thus affect the variability in the presentation of the hemotropic diseases they transmit. America, Africa and Oceania showed a higher probability for the presence of R. microplus in contrast to some countries in Europe and Asia in the ecological niche for the current period (1970-2000), but with the climate change, there was an increase in the ratio between the geographic range preserved between the RCP and SSP scenarios obtaining the greatest gain in the interplay of RCP4.5-SSP245. Our results allow to determine future changes in the distribution of the cattle tick according to the increase in environmental temperature and socio-economic development influenced by human development activities and trends; this work explores the possibility of designing integral maps between the vector and specific diseases.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Ixodidae , Rhipicephalus , Infestações por Carrapato , Humanos , Bovinos , Animais , Mudança Climática , Infestações por Carrapato/veterináriaRESUMO
Los drenajes cerebrales son dispositivos utilizados como métodos terapéuticos, permitiendo la salida de líquido normal o patológico a personas que cursen por alguna enfermedad neurológica, convirtiéndose en uno de los procedimientos más comunes en el área de la enfermería neurológica. He aquí que los cuidados de enfermería deben ser considerados específicos para poder visualizar resultados satisfactorios en pacientes portadores de estos sistemas en áreas críticas. Por este motivo, las intervenciones especializadas de enfermería en el cuidado a los drenajes cerebrales se basaron en la necesidad de elaborar una guía de intervenciones específicas, y especializadas, para personas con uso de drenajes cerebrales siendo un tema de importancia en enfermería neurológica.
Brain drains are devices used as therapeutic methods, allowing the exit of normal or pathological fluid to people suffering from a neurological disease, becoming one of the most common procedures in the area of neurological nursing. Here, nursing care must be considered specific in order to visualize satisfactory results in patients with these systems in critical areas. For this reason, specialized nursing interventions in the care of brain drains were based on the need to develop a guide for specific and specialized interventions for people with use of brain drains, being a topic of importance in neurological nursing.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea , Pressão Intracraniana , Hematoma Subdural , Pessoas , Cuidados de Enfermagem , Drenagem , Catéteres , Enfermagem em NeurociênciaRESUMO
Archaea present distinct features from bacteria and eukaryotes, and thus constitute one of the branches of the phylogenetic tree of life. Members of this domain colonize distinct niches in the human body, arranged in complex communities, especially in the intestines and the oral cavity. The diversity of archaea within these niches is limited to a few phylotypes, constituted in particular by methane-producing archaeal organisms. Although they are possibly symbionts, methanogens may play a role in the establishment of mucosal diseases by favouring the growth of certain bacterial groups.
Assuntos
Archaea/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Archaea/isolamento & purificação , HumanosRESUMO
Nineteen clonally related imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were recovered from eight intensive care unit patients. All isolates harboured blaOXA-51-like â-lactamase genes and showed the absence of 22 kDa fraction in outer membrane porin profile analysis. It suggests a combination of two mechanisms as responsible for carbapenemresistant phenotypes.
Foram isoladas 19 cepas monoclonais de 8 pacientes da unidade de terapia intensiva, resistentes aos carbapenêmicos. Todas as cepas apresentaram o gene blaOXA-51-like e por análise do perfil de proteínas de membrana notou-se ausência da fração de 22 kDa, sugerindo a combinação de dois mecanismos de resistência aos carbapenêmicos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Acinetobacter , Acinetobacter/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa , Infecção Hospitalar , Carbapenêmicos/análise , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Genes Bacterianos , Eletroforese , Pacientes , Técnicas e Procedimentos DiagnósticosRESUMO
Nineteen clonally related imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were recovered from eight intensive care unit patients. All isolates harboured bla OXA-51-like ß-lactamase genes and showed the absence of 22 kDa fraction in outer membrane porin profile analysis. It suggests a combination of two mechanisms as responsible for carbapenem-resistant phenotypes.
RESUMO
Nineteen clonally related imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were recovered from eight intensive care unit patients. All isolates harboured blaOXA-51-like -lactamase genes and showed the absence of 22 kDa fraction in outer membrane porin profile analysis. It suggests a combination of two mechanisms as responsible for carbapenemresistant phenotypes.
Foram isoladas 19 cepas monoclonais de 8 pacientes da unidade de terapia intensiva, resistentes aos carbapenêmicos. Todas as cepas apresentaram o gene blaOXA-51-like e por análise do perfil de proteínas de membrana notou-se ausência da fração de 22 kDa, sugerindo a combinação de dois mecanismos de resistência aos carbapenêmicos.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Brazil, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) diarrhoea is endemic in young infants. A characteristic feature of EPEC adhesion to host cells is intimate attachment leading to the formation of distinctive "attaching and effacing" (A/E) lesions on mammalian cells. Two genes directly involved in intimate adhesion, eae and tir, encode the adhesion molecule intimin and its translocated receptor Tir, respectively. The intimin-binding domain of Tir was recently mapped to the middle part of the polypeptide (Tir-M), and the amino (Tir-N) and carboxy (Tir-C) termini were found to be located within infected host cells. Recently, it was shown that colostrum samples from mothers living in Sao Paulo contain IgA-class antibodies reactive with a number of proteins associated with EPEC virulence. It has also been shown that patients infected with verocytotoxin-producing E. coli O157 can produce antibodies to Tir. In the current study antibody responses to the different Tir domains were analyzed in sera and colostrum samples collected in an EPEC-endemic area of Brazil. METHODS: Recombinant Tir, Tir-N, Tir-M, and Tir-C were expressed as His-tagged protein in E. coli BL21a and purified on nickel columns. Western blot analysis was used to investigate colostrum IgA- and serum IgG-class antibodies reactive with the Tir fragments. RESULTS: Anti-Tir IgG antibodies were detected in the serum of children, with (63%) or without (50%) diarrhoea. Anti-Tir IgA-class antibodies were detected in all the colostrum pools tested. With the use of both serum IgG- and colostrum IgA-class antibodies, an immunodominant domain of the Tir-polypeptide, Tir M, was identified. CONCLUSION: The intimin-binding region of Tir (Tir-M) is the immunodominant region of the polypeptide in humans. Both serum IgG-class and colostrum IgA-class antibodies reacted predominantly with the Tir-M domain.
Assuntos
Adesinas Bacterianas , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Proteínas de Transporte , Colostro/imunologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli/imunologia , Receptores de Superfície Celular/imunologia , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/química , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/imunologia , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Sítios de Ligação , Brasil , Mapeamento de Epitopos , Escherichia coli O157/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologiaRESUMO
The genetic relatedness among 96 invasive Escherichia coli belonging to several serogroups and 13 non-invasive of several serotypes that share the same O antigen was investigated by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis. The invasive strains were isolated in different parts of the world and most of them recovered from dysentery. Twenty-nine electrophoretic types were distinguished and the most invasive strains were found to belong to two major lineages. These results suggested that the invasive ability in these strains has evolved in divergent chromosomal backgrounds, presumably through the horizontal spread of plasmid-borne invasion genes. The maintenance of invasive phenotypes in separate lineages suggests that this ability confers a selective advantage to invasive strains.
Assuntos
Escherichia coli/genética , Disenteria/microbiologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Amido/métodos , Escherichia coli/classificação , Escherichia coli/enzimologia , Humanos , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , SorotipagemRESUMO
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) express a plasmid-encoded type IV pilus termed bundle-forming pilus, which is associated with the formation of bacterial microcolonies on cultured epithelial cells. Bacterial attachment and effacement of the enterocyte brush border membrane is attributed to a surface outer membrane protein adhesin termed intimin and EPEC-secreted proteins EspA, EspB, and EspD. Except for intimin, production in vivo or antibody response against these virulence determinants during natural EPEC infections in young children has not been demonstrated. Antibody responses against BfpA, intimin, EspA, and EspB were investigated in Brazilian children naturally infected with EPEC. Generally, IgG antibodies against BfpA and EspB were the most commonly found, followed by anti-EspA and intimin antibodies. Thus, bundle-forming pilus and locus of enterocyte attachment-encoded products are produced in vivo during natural EPEC infections and elicit an immune response against heterologous EPEC virulence determinants. These findings have important implications in the immunoprophylaxis against EPEC infections.
Assuntos
Adesinas Bacterianas , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Proteínas de Transporte , Infecções por Escherichia coli/imunologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli/imunologia , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Proteínas de Fímbrias , Fímbrias Bacterianas/imunologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Aderência Bacteriana/genética , Aderência Bacteriana/imunologia , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/imunologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Diarreia/prevenção & controle , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/prevenção & controle , Fímbrias Bacterianas/genética , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/biossíntese , Lactente , Intestinos/microbiologia , Virulência/genética , Virulência/imunologiaRESUMO
Genetic variation of 33 enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), 12 non-EIEC and 39 Shigella strains (representing the 4 species of this genus) was analyzed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Reproducible polymorphisms were generated and the combined data allowed us to construct a dendrogram using Jaccard's distance. Two main groups were obtained: one for Shigella and the other for EIEC and non-EIEC strains. The first group contained four clusters, one for each Shigella species. The second group contained one cluster for EIEC and another for non-EIEC strains. The main clusters encompassed many small clusters corresponding to different serotypes. It was possible to characterize each one of the 84 strains under study as well as the boundaries among Shigella species and between this genus and EIEC strains.
Assuntos
Escherichia coli/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Shigella/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Impressões Digitais de DNA , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Escherichia coli/classificação , Variação Genética , Humanos , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Shigella/classificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Aiming a better understanding of the distribution of enteropathogens in Brazil, we have investigated the prevalence of enteropathogens in acute infantile diarrhea in children of low economic level from São José do Rio Preto, SP.METHODS: A prospective study with 196 children under age five, all with diarrhea, and 33 control subjects was conducted at Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto during 1995. This Hospital is associated to a Medicine School and offers free assistance to patients of low economic level who live in the area. RESULTS: Enteropathogens were identified in 48% of the cases and 27% of the controls. Shigella species were isolated in 21% of the cases, EPEC in 10.7%, Salmonella species in 5.6%. The other enteropathogens studied represented 12 % of the isolate pathogens from case children. In the controls 18.2% of atypical EPEC were isolated. Isolation of Shigella species increased with increasing age of cases and peaked in spring, whereas EPEC was common in early infancy and peaked in spring and winter.CONCLUSIONS: Among São José do Rio Preto children, Shigella species and diarrheiogenic E. coli strains (EPEC, ETEC, EAggEC, EIEC) were isolated throughout the year as a cause of diarrhea bringing children to a medical attention. Most of the pathogens were isolated in spring (mainly Shigella and Salmonella), so the temperature and humidity of the environment must be very important.
Assuntos
Testes de Aglutinação , Yersinia/classificação , Yersinia/imunologia , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Tipagem de Bacteriófagos , Humanos , Lectinas , Sorotipagem , Especificidade da Espécie , Yersinia/isolamento & purificação , Yersinia enterocolitica/classificação , Yersinia enterocolitica/imunologiaRESUMO
Yersinia enterocolitica foi pesquisada em 122 amostras de fezes de criancas que apresentavam diarreia aguda. Apos o enriquecimento, em tampao fosfato por 3 semanas, as amostras de fezes foram semeadas em placas em meio Y e incubadas a 28 graus C por 48 horas. Houve apenas um isolamento (0,8%) de Y. enterocolitica
Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Yersinia enterocolitica , Yersiniose , DiarreiaRESUMO
Foram analisadas amostras de fezes diarreicas de 140 criancas atendidas no Hospital Universitario da USP. A incidencia de rotavirus, por meio de reacao imunoenzimatica, foi de 55,7%. A maior incidencia se deu no grupo de criancas com idades entre 1 e 2 anos. Dentre os agentes causadores de diarreia aguda pesquisados (enterobacterias patogenicas, rotavirus e Campylobacter fetus ss jejuni), o rotavirus foi o que apresentou maior frequencia de deteccao
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Humanos , Diarreia Infantil , Infecções por RotavirusRESUMO
Da secrecao vaginal de 94 mulheres sem infeccao genital aparente, bacterias anaerobicas obrigatorias foram isoladas de 53 amostras (56%), com predominancia dos generos Bacteroides (26,4%) e Peptostreptococcus (17%). Estes organismos estao frequentemente envolvidos em infeccoes, no trato genital feminino, sugerindo que a flora normal da vagina seja potencialmente patogenica