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1.
Data Brief ; 54: 110382, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38623546

RESUMO

This data article presents information on the measurement of Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus of laboratory and field asphalt mixtures. The asphalt mixes are composed of three distinct binders that were categorised by their penetration grade (40/55-TLA, 60/75-TLA, and 60/70-MB) and aggregates (limestone, sharp sand, and filler). The asphalt mixtures are called dense-graded hot mix asphalt (HMA) and gap-graded stone matrix asphalt (SMA). The variables in the dataset were selected in accordance with the specifications of the dynamic modulus models that are currently in use as well as the needs for the quality control and assurance (QC & QA) assessment of asphalt concrete mixes. The data parameters included are temperature, asphalt content, and binder viscosity, air void content, cumulative percent retained on 19, 12.5, and 4.75 mm sieves, maximum theoretical specific gravity, aggregate passing #200 sieve, effective asphalt content, density, flow, marshal stability, coarse-to-fine particle ratio and the Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus (ITSM). Utilising soft computing techniques, models were developed utilising the data thus eliminating the requirement for complex and time-consuming laboratory testing.

2.
Data Brief ; 52: 109966, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38226043

RESUMO

This data article explores the factors that contribute to cost overrun on public sector projects within Trinidad and Tobago. The data was obtained through literature research, and structured questionnaires, designed using open-ended questions and the Likert scale. The responses were gathered from project actors and decision-makers within the public and private construction industry, mainly, project managers, contractors, engineers, architects, and consultants. The dataset was analysed using frequency, simple percentage, mean, risk impact, and fuzzy logic via the fuzzy synthetic evaluation method (FSE). The significance of the analysed data is to determine the critical root causes of cost overrun which affect public sector infrastructure development projects (PSIDPs), from being completed on time and within budget. The dataset is most useful to project and construction management professionals and academia, to provide additional insight into the understanding of the leading factors associated with cost overrun and the critical group in which they occur (political factors). Such understanding can encourage greater decisions under uncertainty and complexity, thus accounting for and reducing cost overrun on public sector projects.

3.
Med Microbiol Immunol ; 212(1): 25-34, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36370196

RESUMO

The understanding of the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is critical for improving diagnostics, therapy development, and vaccines. Here, we analyzed the level of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 D614G, Delta, Gamma, Mu, and Omicron variants in D614G infected healthcare workers during a follow-up up to 6 months after recovery. We followed up 76 patients: 60.5% were women and 39.5% men. The 96.1% and 3.9% were symptomatic and asymptomatic, respectively. The most frequent symptoms were headache, myalgia, and cough. The 65.8%, 65.8%, and 92.1% of the infected individuals were positive for neutralizing antibodies against D614G variant at 2, 4, and 6 months of follow-up, respectively. The 26.3%, 48.7% and 65.8% of patients neutralized Delta variant, 19.7%, 32.9% and 52.6% of patients neutralized Gamma, 7.9%, 19.7% and 44.7% of patients neutralized Mu, and 4.0%, 9.2% and 15.8% of patients neutralized Omicron. Low neutralization against Gamma and Mu variants was observed during the follow-up, and very low against the Omicron variant was detected during the same period. The median of neutralizing antibody titers against D614G and Delta variants increased significantly during the follow-up. An association was observed between the levels of neutralizing antibodies against D614G and Delta variants and the severity of the disease. Our results suggest an immune escape from neutralizing antibodies with the Omicron variant because of the many mutations localized in the S protein.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais
4.
J Med Virol ; 94(1): 399-403, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34460119

RESUMO

Vaccination generates a neutralizing immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The genomic surveillance is showing the emergence of variants with mutations in spike, the main target of neutralizing antibodies. To understand the impact of these variants, we report the neutralization potency against alpha, gamma, and D614G SARS-CoV-2 variants in 44 individuals that received two doses of CoronaVac vaccine, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Plasma samples collected at 60 days after the second dose of CoronaVac were analyzed by the reduction of cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells with the three infectious variants of SARS-CoV-2. Plasma showed lower neutralization with alpha (geometric mean titer [GMT] = 18.5) and gamma (GMT = 10.0) variants than with D614G (GMT = 75.1) variant. Efficient neutralization against the alpha and gamma variants was not detected in 31.8% and 59.1% of plasma, respectively. These findings suggest the alpha and gamma variants could escape from neutralization by antibodies elicited by vaccination. Robust genomic and biological surveillance of viral variants could help to develop effective strategies for the control of SARS-CoV-2.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , COVID-19/imunologia , Linhagem Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Feminino , Humanos , Evasão da Resposta Imune/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Neutralização , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Vacinação , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologia , Células Vero , Adulto Jovem
5.
J Med Virol ; 91(11): 2009-2015, 2019 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31317547

RESUMO

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent of cervical cancer. Also, HPV has been associated with anogenital cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, genital warts, and other dermatological diseases. HPV infects epithelial cells and their replication is closely linked to epithelial differentiation. The presence of HPV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) has been reported in some patients with head and neck cancer, cervical cancer, and other genital diseases. However, the presence of HPV DNA in blood in asymptomatic subjects is still unresolved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of HPV DNA in PBMC from asymptomatic blood donors. Blood samples were collected from 207 healthy Chilean blood donors. Genomic DNA was extracted from PBMC and HPV DNA detection was performed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays with GP5+/6+ primers. HPV typing was carried out by genetic sequencing of a 140 to 150 bp fragment of the L1 gene. HPV DNA was detected in 6.8% (14/207) of blood donors. Single HPV infections were detected in seven blood donors. High-risk HPV was found in 6.3% (13/207) of cases: nine blood donors were infected with HPV-16, five with HPV-18, two with HPV-51, and one case was infected with either 32, 33, 45, 59, 66, 70, or 82. The median viral load value was 21.3 copies/mL blood or 13.4 HPV (+) cells per 10 4 PBMC. These results show that HPV DNA is present in PBMC from healthy blood donors and it suggests that blood could be a new route of HPV dissemination.


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Leucócitos Mononucleares/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Infecções Assintomáticas , Chile/epidemiologia , Primers do DNA/genética , Feminino , Genoma Viral , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Carga Viral , Adulto Jovem
6.
Med Microbiol Immunol ; 208(6): 757-771, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31165237

RESUMO

The high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) are involved in the development of cervical cancer. Nevertheless, there are differences in the oncogenic potential among them. HPV-16 and HPV-18 are associated with approximately 70% of cancer worldwide, and both types are the most extensively studied HR-HPV. Great variations in the prevalence of HR-HPV have been described in different countries. The impact of these variations on the epidemiology of lesions and cervical cancer is currently unknown. A high prevalence of HPV-66 has been detected in Chile. Here, we have analyzed the genetic variability of the L1 gene from HPV-66-infected Chilean women. Higher order interactions between identified mutations were analyzed by co-variation and cluster analyses. Antigenic-index alterations following L1 mutations and B-cell epitopes were predicted by BcePred algorithm. HPV-66 L1 sequences clustered phylogenetically into two main clades. The genetic variability in the HPV-66 L1 gene involved thirty nucleotide changes. Four of these were for the first time identified in this study. Some of these variants are embedded in the B-cell epitope regions. Amino acid homology in the immunodominant epitopes of HPV-66 L1 protein (DE, FG and H1 loops) was 42.9-59.1% and 28.6-68.9% compared with HPV-16 and HPV-18, respectively. The results of this research suggest that the neutralizing epitopes of HPV-66 are antigenically different compared to HPV-16 and HPV-18. Our findings show the need to perform new structural and immunological studies on HPV-66 L1 protein to evaluate the cross-protection conferred by current HPV vaccines.


Assuntos
Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais/genética , Papillomaviridae/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos Virais/genética , Chile/epidemiologia , Epitopos de Linfócito B/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Adulto Jovem
7.
Med Microbiol Immunol ; 207(2): 95-103, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29238853

RESUMO

Cervical cancer is the second most common malignant neoplasm in women worldwide representing approximately 10% of all types of cancers. Triage of women through cervical cytology has been an important strategy for the surveillance and control of new cases of cervical cancer. However, in many regions around the world cervical cytology has a low coverage compared to developed countries. The molecular detection of HPV is the most effective method to increase the screening sensitivity of women at risk of developing cervical cancer. There are very few studies about the efficacy of urine testing for detection of HPV in women followed up in primary health care centers. Consequently, the efficacy of using urine HPV screening in these populations has not been addressed yet. Here, we compared the detection of HPV in simultaneous urine and cervical samples of women followed up in primary health care centers. Urine and cervical samples were analyzed in 543 women attending at primary health care centers. HPV was detected by real time PCR, and HPV typing performed by PCR-RLB. A general HPV concordance of 86.2% (κ = 0.72) was determined between urine and cervical samples. The concordance for HPV-16 and 18 was almost perfect (κ = 0.82) and strong (κ = 0.77), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for all HPV genotypes in urine using cervical samples as reference were 82.1 and 93.7%, respectively. The results showed that urine is a good alternative as clinical sample for HPV screening in women attending primary health care centers. Therefore, urine should be used as an alternative sample for increasing triage coverage either in refractory women participating in Pap surveillance programs or when cervical samples are not available.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Genotipagem/métodos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Papillomaviridae/classificação , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Urina/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Papillomaviridae/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
8.
Duazary ; 15(1): 13-21, 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-986722

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio fue la construcción y estudio piloto de un instrumento para evaluar factores asociados a la disposición hacia la donación de órganos. El Cuestionario sobre conocimientos, actitudes y creencias está conformado por 22 ítems tipo Likert de autoadministración. Fue respondido por 244 personas adultas apoderadas de 10 colegios de la provincia de Concepción, Chile, las cuales pertenecían a los grupos socioeconómicos bajo y medio. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) con el método de extracción de máxima verosimilitud y rotación varimax, el cual arrojó cinco factores: a) confianza en el proceso de donación y trasplante; b) comunicación familiar sobre donación de órganos; c) creencias ideológicas alrededor de la donación de órganos; d) conocimientos sobre donación y trasplante de órganos, y e) autonomía en la decisión de donar. La confiabilidad fue medida mediante el cálculo del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach y la relación entre los factores mediante el coeficiente r de Pearson. Se establece que el instrumento es pertinente y confiable y se propone una nueva aplicación con una muestra más grande y que considere personas del grupo socioeconómico alto.


The object of this study was the construction and pilot study of an instrument for evaluating factors associated to individuals' willingness towards organ donation. The Questionnaire about Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs consists of 22 items Likert type of self administration. It was answered by 244 adults, guardians of 10 schools from Concepcion, Chile, who belonged to the middle and lower socioeconomic levels. An Exploratory Factor Analysis was done under the method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Varimax rotation, which derived in five factors: a) reliance on the process of donation and transplantation, b) communication about organ donation within the family, c) ideological beliefs on organ donation, d) knowledge about organ donation and transplantation, and e) autonomy on the choice of donation. The reliance was measured through the Cronbach's alpha and the relationship among the factors, through r of Pearson. It was established that the instrument is pertinent and reliable and a new application is proposed, to be administered on a bigger sample that includes individuals from the higher socioeconomic levels.


Assuntos
Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos
9.
J Med Virol ; 89(9): 1646-1653, 2017 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28294358

RESUMO

Here, we evaluated the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in two groups of Chilean women. The first group consisted of 3235 women aged 18-64 years attended in six primary care centers of Santiago. The second group consisted of 456 women 18-85 aged who consulted the Gynaecology Department of the Reference Hospital of Santiago. Samples were collected from October 2012 to February 2016. Cervical swabs were analyzed both HPV genotyping by PCR and Reverse Line Blot, and cervical cytology by Pap testing. Results showed a prevalence of 12.0% HPV positive, 10.3% high-risk (HR) HPV types positive, 3.9% low-risk (LR) HPV types positive, and 1.0% Pap positive in group 1. The most frequent types were 16, 66, and 59, with a prevalence of 3.0%, 1.6%, and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence were 71.9% HPV positive, 67.3% HR-HPV types positive, 13.6% LR-HPV types positive, and 62.5% Pap positive in group 2. The most frequent types were 16, 31, and 58, with prevalence of 33.6%, 10.5%, and 7.0%, respectively. Among infected women with HPV: 7.6% were infected with HPV16 or HPV18, 3.0% with HPV31, HPV33 or HPV45, and 6.7% with any other HR-HPV. These findings show great difference in HPV prevalence and types between primary care and reference center, and provide useful epidemiological information to assess the impact of HPV vaccination in the future.


Assuntos
Colo do Útero/virologia , Genótipo , Papillomaviridae/classificação , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teste de Papanicolaou , Papillomaviridae/genética , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
10.
Med Microbiol Immunol ; 205(6): 585-594, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27539577

RESUMO

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide. In Chile, cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death among women of reproductive age, causing more than 600 deaths annually. This study was carried out to determine the burden and confirm the predominant human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes among women presenting for cervical cancer screening in public health services in Chile. Women aged 18-64 years residing in the north and central areas covered by six primary care centers of Santiago, Chile, were invited to participate from March 2014 to August 2015. Cervical swabs were examined both HPV genotyping by PCR and Reverse Line Blot, and cervical cytology by Pap testing. A total of 1738 women were included in this study: 11.1 % were HPV positive, 9.7 % were high-risk types positive, 3.2 % were low-risk types positive, 1.4 % were Pap positive and 0.9 % were positive by both tests. The four most predominant genotypes were 16, 66, 51 and 59, with prevalence of 2.8, 1.4, 1.2 and 1.2 %, respectively. Multiple HPV infections were detected among 3.8 % participants. Age-specific prevalence of HPV showed a peak in HPV infection at younger ages (≤30 years), declining to a plateau in middle age. Among women with normal cytology, the 9.4 % were HPV positive, while 58.3 % of women with abnormal cytology were HPV positive. These findings show new epidemiological data confirming HPV 16 and 66 as the most predominant genotypes in Chile. These data are important for design successful strategies for prevention of cervical cancer in Chile.


Assuntos
Alphapapillomavirus/classificação , Alphapapillomavirus/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Colo do Útero/patologia , Colo do Útero/virologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/etiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Adulto Jovem
11.
J Med Virol ; 88(6): 1067-75, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26538335

RESUMO

Infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) is a major health problem. HTLV-1/2 infection is endemic in Chile but representative donor prevalence data are lacking. Data on all blood donors in a large network of Chilean blood centers were examined during 2011-2013. Screening of HTLV-1/2 antibodies were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) at all blood banks. Blood samples with anticoagulants from initially reactive blood donors were analyzed by serological confirmation tests (immunofluorescence or recombinant immunoblot) at the HTLV National Reference Laboratory of the Public Health Institute of Chile. Additionally, detection of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 provirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was performed in all blood donors as confirmatory test. Prevalence rates were calculated. Among 694,016 donors, 706 were seropositive for HTLV-1 (prevalence, 1.02 cases per 1,000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.09), and 97 were seropositive for HTLV-2 (prevalence, 0.14 cases per 1,000; 95%CI, 0.11-0.17). Prevalence of HTLV-1 differed considerably by region, from 0.51 to 1.69 per 1,000. Prevalence of HTLV-2 was similar across the country (0.12-0.16). HTLV-1 prevalence was associated with female sex, older age, and residence in the north of Chile. HTVL-2 prevalence was associated with older age. The HTLV-1 prevalence among Chilean blood donors was relatively high and could be reduced by improving donor recruitment and selection in high prevalence areas. Blood center data may contribute to surveillance for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HTLV-I/imunologia , Infecções por HTLV-I/virologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/imunologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/virologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/imunologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/imunologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Leucócitos Mononucleares/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Provírus , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Testes Sorológicos , Adulto Jovem
12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24329243

RESUMO

We studied the transport process of overdamped Brownian particles, in a chain of asymmetric cavities, interacting through a hard-core potential. When a force is applied in opposite directions a difference in the drift velocity of the particles inside the cavity can be observed. Previous works on similar systems deal with the low-concentration regime, in which the interaction is irrelevant. In this case it was found that large particles show a stronger asymmetry in the drift velocity when a small force is applied, allowing for the separation of different size particles [Reguera et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 020604 (2012)]. We found that when the interaction between particles is considered, the behavior of the system is substantially different. For example, as concentration is increased, the small particles are the ones that show a stronger asymmetry. For the case where all the particles in the system are of the same size we took advantage of the particle-vacancy analogy to predict that the left and right currents are almost equal in a region around the concentration 0.5 despite the asymmetry of the cavity.

13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24032799

RESUMO

We derive and study a theoretical description for single-file diffusion, i.e., diffusion in a one-dimensional lattice of particles with hard core interaction. It is well known that for this system a tagged particle has anomalous diffusion for long times. The novelty of the present approach is that it allows for the derivation of correlations between a tagged particle and other particles of the system at a given distance with empty sites in between. The behavior of the correlation gives deeper insights into the processes involved. The numerical integration of differential equations are in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.

14.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 8(5,supl.5)dic. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-575761

RESUMO

En estudios realizados en la Biblioteca de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. Enrique Cabrera, en el período de octubre-enero, nos percatamos de la escasez de bibliografía de las enfermedades iatrogénicas y mala praxis, lo cual motivó una investigación retrospectiva, recuperando, en las Bases de Datos LILACS, desde 1982 hasta la fecha y Medline de 1967 a la actualidad, un listado bibliográfico sobre estas enfermedades, y se obtuvo un total de 112 documentos como fuente de información para mejorar el servicio a los usuarios del lugar. Una vez recuperada ésta se procesan las temáticas tratadas y se analizan los resultados en cuanto a productividad de las publicaciones en años, revistas de mayor impacto, etcétera. Con el objetivo de ofrecer a los investigadores, profesores y estudiantes una bibliografía de estas dos temáticas médicas como importante herramienta auxiliar que les permita llegar a sus documentos originales(AU)


According to studies carried out in the Library of the Faculty of Medical Sciences Dr. Enrique Cabrera, in the period of October - January, it was shown the shortage of bibliography of the keywords: diseases iatrogenic and mal practice, which motivated an retrospective investigation, recovering in the databases LILACS since 1982 to date and Medline from 1967 to the present time a bibliographical listing on iatrogenic diseases and mal practice respectively, Where there was obtained a total of 112 documents as source of information to improve the service to the users of the place. Once it recovered this the treated subject matter are processed, being obtained diverse results as for productivity of the publications in years, magazines of greater impact, etc. With the objective to offer to the investigators, professors and students a bibliography of these two medical as important subject matter tool to help that permit to arrive at its original documents(AU)


Assuntos
Bibliografia de Medicina , Doença Iatrogênica , Imperícia
15.
In. Anep. Codicen. Programa de Educación Sexual; Fondo de población de las Naciones Unidas; Onusida. Educación sexual: su incorporación al sistema educativo. Montevideo, Nordan-Comunidad del Sur, 2008. p.317-330.
Monografia em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-763651
16.
In. Anep. Codicen. Progragma de Educación Sexual; Fondo de población de las Naciones Unidas; Onusida. Educación sexual: su incorporación al Sistema Educativo. Montevideo, Nordan-Comunidad del Sur, 2008. p.317-330.
Monografia em Espanhol | BVSNACUY | ID: bnu-17970
17.
Nature ; 450(7169): 560-5, 2007 Nov 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18033299

RESUMO

From the standpoints of both basic research and biotechnology, there is considerable interest in reaching a clearer understanding of the diversity of biological mechanisms employed during lignocellulose degradation. Globally, termites are an extremely successful group of wood-degrading organisms and are therefore important both for their roles in carbon turnover in the environment and as potential sources of biochemical catalysts for efforts aimed at converting wood into biofuels. Only recently have data supported any direct role for the symbiotic bacteria in the gut of the termite in cellulose and xylan hydrolysis. Here we use a metagenomic analysis of the bacterial community resident in the hindgut paunch of a wood-feeding 'higher' Nasutitermes species (which do not contain cellulose-fermenting protozoa) to show the presence of a large, diverse set of bacterial genes for cellulose and xylan hydrolysis. Many of these genes were expressed in vivo or had cellulase activity in vitro, and further analyses implicate spirochete and fibrobacter species in gut lignocellulose degradation. New insights into other important symbiotic functions including H2 metabolism, CO2-reductive acetogenesis and N2 fixation are also provided by this first system-wide gene analysis of a microbial community specialized towards plant lignocellulose degradation. Our results underscore how complex even a 1-microl environment can be.


Assuntos
Bactérias/metabolismo , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Genômica , Intestinos/microbiologia , Isópteros/metabolismo , Isópteros/microbiologia , Madeira/metabolismo , Animais , Bactérias/enzimologia , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Fontes de Energia Bioelétrica , Carbono/metabolismo , Domínio Catalítico , Celulose/metabolismo , Costa Rica , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/genética , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Hidrólise , Lignina/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Simbiose , Madeira/química , Xilanos/metabolismo
18.
Montevideo; Universidad Católica del UY; 2003. 95 p.
Monografia em Espanhol | URUGUAIODONTO | ID: odn-2944

Assuntos
Geriatria
19.
Rev. cuba. med ; 29(5): 707-12, sept.-oct. 1990. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-112043

RESUMO

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 23 años con un síndrome de Pickwick no complicado. Se comentan y discuten los resultados obtenidos en el éxamen clínico, en las pruebas espirométricas y cardilógicas realizadas a una enferma con 155,4 Kg de peso. Se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre esta enfermedad y se reseña la importancia del aumento de peso y la dieta inadecuada,así como la no realización de ejercicios en todos estos casos. Se trata de una enfermedad curable y por tanto, reversible


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Síndrome de Hipoventilação por Obesidade
20.
Rev. cuba. med ; 25(11): 1133-40, nov. 1986. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-44410

RESUMO

Se hace una revisión de 68 expedientes clínicos de pacientes diagnosticados de pancreatitis aguda en el período comprendido de 1975-1983, ambos años inclusive, en el Hospital Provincial Docente "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" de Camagüey. Tomamos como base de estudio la terapéutica médica empleada en estos pacientes y se establece una relación con la terapéutica médica más actual de la enfermedad. Revisamos la literatura médica existente en nuestro medio y comparamos los resultados obtenidos con los de otros autores


Assuntos
Humanos , Pancreatite/terapia
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