RESUMO
Objectives: To assess the risk of bias (RoB) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in dental journals in the Spanish language. Methods: A systematic retrospective survey was conducted of all RCTs published from 1980 to 2019 in dentistry Spanish and Latin American journals. We extracted data and performed RoB assessments using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results: 292 RCTs published in 51 journals were included. The best-rated domains were incomplete outcome data, selective reporting, and other biases. The domains assessed with higher proportions of an unclear or high risk of bias were sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding of outcome assessment. There is a low proportion of RCTs published in Spanish language journals. However, the number has been increasing over the years, and the low risk of bias assessment rates across domains show an increasing trend. Conclusions: A low percentage of Spanish-language dental journals issue RCTs. Our assessment of these RCTs' RoB suggests higher difficulties in the design and conduction phase than in the posterior reporting stage.
Assuntos
Humanos , Viés , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Publicação Periódica , Odontologia , Espanha , América LatinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To identify controlled clinical trials (CCTs) published in Spanish and in Latin American dental journals, and provide access to this body of evidence in a single source. METHODS: Handsearching, following Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, of CCTs published in Spanish dental journals from Spain and Latin America. For each eligible trial, we collected the dental specialty, the interventions evaluated, whether and how randomisation was achieved, and the corresponding bibliographic reference. RESULTS: We handsearched 107 journals published in Spain and Latin America in Spanish. Over 17 051 articles, 244 (1.43%) were CCTs. These studies focused mainly on periodontics (70, 29.0%) and oral and maxillofacial surgery (66, 27.0%), assessing mostly pharmacological interventions (112, 46.0%). One hundred fifty-three studies (62.7%) used a random allocation of participants to study arms. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of dental journals published in Spain and Latin America in Spanish language present original research relevant to inform clinical practice. These journals are not indexed in the major electronic databases. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: References to the identified CCTs are now available in CENTRAL, the Cochrane Collaboration repository for these studies. We call for adherence to the CONSORT statement in dentistry to improve reporting of CCTs in journals published in Spanish language.
Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos Controlados como Assunto , Odontologia , Odontologia Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Bibliometria , Humanos , Idioma , América Latina , EspanhaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of a natural mediotrusive contact influences electromyographic (EMG) pattern activity in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). METHOD: Bilateral surface EMG activity of the anterior temporalis (AT), masseter (MM), and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles was recorded in 43 subjects during unilateral chewing and tooth grinding. Thirteen patients had TMD and a natural mediotrusive contact (Group 1), 15 had TMD without a natural mediotrusive contact (Group 2), and 15 were healthy subjects without mediotrusive contacts (Group 3). All subjects were examined according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). All EMG values were standardized as the percentage of EMG activity recorded during maximum isometric contraction on cotton rolls. RESULTS: EMG activity from all muscles measured showed no significant differences between groups during chewing and grinding. Overall, in all groups, the EMG activity during chewing was higher in the working side than the non-working side in AT and MM muscles. During grinding, these differences were only found in masseter muscles (mainly in eccentric grinding). SCM EMG activity did not show significant differences during chewing and grinding tasks. Symmetry, muscular balance, and absence of lateral jaw displacement were common findings in all groups. DISCUSSION: EMG results suggest that the contribution of a natural mediotrusive occlusal contact to EMG patterns in TMD patients is minor. Therefore, the elimination of this occlusal feature for therapeutic purposes could be not indicated.
Assuntos
Bruxismo/fisiopatologia , Eletromiografia , Mastigação/fisiologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/terapia , Oclusão Dentária , Humanos , Músculo Masseter/fisiopatologia , Músculos do Pescoço/fisiopatologia , Músculo Temporal/fisiopatologia , Articulação Temporomandibular/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: There is scarce knowledge regarding the influence of a natural mediotrusive contact on mandibular and cervical muscular activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the EMG activity of the anterior temporalis (AT) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles during awake grinding in healthy subjects with or without a natural mediotrusive occlusal contact. METHOD: Fifteen subjects with natural mediotrusive occlusal contact (Group 1) and 15 subjects without natural mediotrusive occlusal contact (Group 2) participated. Bilateral surface EMG activity of AT and SCM muscles was recorded during unilateral eccentric or concentric tooth grinding tasks. EMG activity was normalized against the activity recorded during maximal voluntary clenching in intercuspal position (IP) for AT muscles and during maximal intentional isometric head-neck rotation to each side, for SCM muscles. RESULTS: EMG activity of AT and SCM muscles showed no statistical difference between groups. EMG activity of AT muscle was higher in the working side (WS) than in the non-WS (NWS) in Group 1 during concentric grinding (0.492 vs 0.331, p = 0.047), whereas no difference was observed in Group 2. EMG activity of SCM was similar between working and NWSs in both groups and tasks. Asymmetry indexes (AIs) were not significantly different between groups. DISCUSSION: These findings in healthy subjects support the assumption that during awake tooth grinding, central nerve control predominates over peripheral inputs, and reinforce the idea of a functional link between the motor-neuron pools that control jaw and neck muscles.
Assuntos
Oclusão Dentária , Músculos da Mastigação/fisiologia , Músculos do Pescoço/fisiologia , Oclusão Dentária Central , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of a natural mediotrusive contact on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the anterior temporalis and sternocleidomastoid muscles during chewing in healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample included two groups of 15 subjects each (Group 1: with natural mediotrusive contact; Group 2: without natural mediotrusive contact). Bilateral surface EMG activity was recorded on anterior temporalis and sternocleidomastoid muscles during unilateral chewing of a half cookie and unilateral chewing of a piece of apple. Anterior temporalis and sternocleidomastoid muscle activity was normalized against activity recorded during maximal voluntary clenching in intercuspal position and maximal intentional isometric head-neck rotation to each side, respectively. The partial and total asymmetry indexes were also calculated. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and unpaired t-test. RESULTS: EMG activity of anterior temporalis and sternocleidomastoid muscles showed no significant difference between the groups. EMG activity of anterior temporalis was similar between working and non-working sides during chewing in both groups. EMG activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle was higher in the working side than in the non-working side in Group 2 subjects. Asymmetry indexes were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The similar EMG pattern and asymmetry indexes observed suggest the predominance of central nervous control over peripheral inputs on anterior temporalis and sternocleidomastoid motor neuron pools.
Assuntos
Eletromiografia/métodos , Mastigação/fisiologia , Músculos do Pescoço/fisiologia , Músculo Temporal/fisiologia , Doces , Oclusão Dentária Central , Eletromiografia/instrumentação , Feminino , Movimentos da Cabeça/fisiologia , Humanos , Contração Isométrica/fisiologia , Masculino , Malus , Dente Molar/fisiologia , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the effects of probiotics in prevention and/or treatment of periodontal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed broad searches in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases and selected articles that satisfied the description of randomized clinical trials comparing the administration of probiotics versus placebo or another intervention to prevent or treat periodontal diseases in adult patients. RESULTS: Four randomized clinical trials were analyzed in the final review process. For the primary outcome, probing pocket depth, there would be no clinical beneficial effect of probiotics. For secondary outcomes, probiotics have shown small benefits on plaque index and gingival inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this review, the effectiveness of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases is questionable. There is currently insufficient evidence demonstrating the benefits of systematic preventative use of probiotics in patients with periodontal diseases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of probiotics are described to prevent or treat periodontal diseases in some clinical trials; therefore, a systematic review of the evidence for the effect of periodontal diseases is needed.